Izibonakaliso zamathekisthi ezinemibandela: ukuhlukaniswa

Ziyini izimpawu ezivamile zamathekisthi? Benzani? Kulesi sihloko sizophendula le mibuzo hhayi kuphela. Izibonakaliso ezivamile zemibukiso yizithombe ezivelele ezisetshenziselwa ukubonisa emabalazweni asezempi, amashadi okuma, izenzo kanye nezinhlelo zebutho labo nesitha, ukuthunyelwa kwezakhiwo ezizivikelo, imishini yokulwa, imigqa yokuxhumana, abasebenzi, izicingo, izindiza zezindiza, izikhungo zangemuva nezinye izinto.

Hlela

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izibonakaliso zamasu zidonsa ebalazweni. Namuhla, ukuhlela ukulwa kwamabutho empi nokuwaqondisa ngesikhathi sempi, kunzima ukuba umlawuli wamaphoyisa asebenze ngaphandle kwakhe emhlabathini.

Imephu enesimo sokulwa (ukusebenza), esetshenziswa umlawuli (umlawuli) ngenqubo yomyalo nokulawula, ibizwa ngokuthi ikhadi lakhe lomsebenzi. Ngenye yezincwadi eziyisisekelo zempi lapho abaholi bezempi bahlanganyela khona empini.

Umlawuli ngamunye kufanele asebenze njalo emdwebeni olungiselelwe, ngoba izinkinga zingasombulula ngokushesha. Ikhadi lomsebenzi elenziwe kahle lisiza umsebenzi wezempi esimweni sokulwa. Ngendlela, idokhumenti enjalo ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Ama-Relative Symbols

Izimpawu zamathekisthi kufanele zaziwe kuwo wonke umphathi. Isimo ekhadini lomsebenzi iqoqo lezibonakaliso ezivamile, imibhalo kanye nezifinyezo.

Izibonakaliso zamathekisthi ezinemibandela kanye nezimfanelo eziboniswa yizo zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwamabutho, njengoba ziveza ngokoqobo iqiniso, okungukuthi, isimo sokulwa. Ngosizo lwazo ungabona uhlobo lwezenzo, ukuthunyelwa kwamabutho empi (ubukhulu bendawo), inani lezindlela kanye namandla, inhloso yokuqondisa kanye nezindlela zokufinyelela kuzo.

Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza nebalazwe, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngemuva komfanekiso ngamunye ovamile ukhona umuntu, izimoto zokulwa zebutho lakhe nesitha.

Ulimi Lwezempi

Izimpawu zamathekisthi zihlobo lolimi lwezempi, imiyalo esemthethweni kanye nezimiso zempi. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ngokucophelela ukungaqondakali kokuqonda kwabo, ukucacisa kwesicelo. Uhlelo oluvamile lwalezi zimpawu luyaqhubeka njalo luguqukayo. Lokhu kuyimvelo yemvelo ehlotshaniswa nokuziphendukela kwemishini yempi kanye nezindlela zokuqhuba imisebenzi yokulwa ngamayunithi kanye nezinyunithi zazo zonke izinhlobo zamabutho ahlomile.

Izimpawu zamathekisthi kufanele zibe lula futhi enembile. Kubophezelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe ukusheshisa ukufakwa kwesimo emephini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele babe nokuqukethwe okuhlukile, abakwazi ukuhunyushwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Ukungena ngemvume

Izibonakaliso zamasosha ezempi emephini? Izimpawu ezivaliwe ezivaliwe nezivaliwe (isikhundla samabutho, imingcele yezikhundla zezifunda zamanga, imingcele yezinhloso ezehlukene, njll) zithathwa ohlelweni, ngokubona lesi sikali. Ngenxa yalokhu, bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi amamaki ajwayelekile.

Izimpawu ezifanekisayo zefomu lejometri elifanele (amathangi ngabanye), kanye nezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezihlanganisa imibala nemigqa (izakhiwo zokuxhumana, izikhala zokuyala, ezinye izakhiwo zobunjiniyela nezinsiza, iziqalisi, njll) okuyizinto ezibhekiswe kuzo okubizwa ngokuthi i-extracartite , Okungukuthi, ukudonsa ebalazweni ngaphandle kokubheka ubukhulu.

Amaphuzu okukhomba afakwe ngamatshwayo afanayo kumdwebo asetshenzisiwe ukuze isikhungo sesibonakaliso sifakwe endaweni yokuthile kwendawo ensimini. Izixhumanisi zalesi sihloko kufanele zinikezwe phakathi nendawo yokumaka lapho kucacisa imigomo noma ukuqondisa imephu.

Iposi lomyalo lidonsa ngendlela yokuthi umugqa oqondile oqhubekayo oqhubeka ohlangothini lwama-geometric ukucushwa uhlala ekupheleni kwesiphambano saso esifundeni lapho okuthunyelwe khona umyalo kutholakala khona. Uphawu lwezandla "Halt" lubukeka olufanayo - ludonselwa endleleni yokuhamba kwamabutho ngokubonisa ibanga ukusuka emngceleni wokuqala.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma uhamba noma uhlasela ngasentshonalanga (noma uvikela phambili, entshonalanga), uphawu lwe-CP luzobe lukhona ngakwesokudla komugqa oqondile okhomba indawo yayo futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Ukubeka isimo

Inqubo yokubonisa isimo esikhethekile noma esicacile kumephu noma enye idokhumenti ecacile ibizwa ngokuthi "ukusebenzisa isimo", futhi isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezimpawu ezinemibandela ebizwa ngokuthi "izimo zokucabangela."

Ukuqedela ukusetshenziswa kwesimo ngesitha kubonakala kanje:

• I-infantry, ithangi, ama-infantry, ama-artillery units kanye nemininingwane ebhamu, i-platoon;
• Ukubekwa kwezikhali zokubhujiswa okukhulu kanye nemininingwane kumsunguli we-missile, isibhamu esithile;
• Isimo somswakama emtatsheni odinga isenzo.

Izimo ezilimaza amabutho azo:

• Izinhloso ezibekwa ngumphathi ophezulu;
• Isikhundla samabutho aphethe ama-degree amabili ngaphansi kwezinga labo (ngokwesibonelo, umlawuli wezempi udweba izimpawu zomlomo nezamabutho).

Ukumaka isimo, imibala elandelayo isetshenziswa:

• Okuyisisekelo - okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, omnyama;
• Okusizayo - eluhlaza, obomvu, ophuzi.

Ukusetshenziswa kweminye imibala, kanye nemibala eyisisekelo noma eyengeziwe ayivunyelwe.

Ukuhambisana nemithetho

Izimpawu zamathekisthi ze-RF Formed Forces zithandeka kubantu abaningi. Ukuze ukwazi ubuciko bokusebenza ikhadi elisebenzayo, kufanele ugcine izifinyezo ezimisiwe ezithintekayo, imibhalo kanye nezincazelo. Zisetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukufakwa kwesimo kuhlelo futhi zenze imibhalo yokulwa.

Kubalulekile ukwazi lezi zifinyezo futhi uzisebenzise ngendlela efanele, ngoba ngokuvamile incwadi ebhaliwe engalungile iguqula incazelo yethegi futhi ingakwazi ukuguqula idatha. Isibonelo, kule nkinga kukhona izincazelo zezifinyezo: inkampani ye - tr - tank kanye ne-TR - tactical missile.

Uma izinkomba ezingenakuqondakala ezilungiselelwe ama-edifications namashadi asetshenzisiwe, ukubaluleka kwazo kufanele kuchazwe emaphethweni omqulu noma kumlando.

Izimpawu ze-Topographic

I-serviceman ngamunye kufanele azi izibonakaliso zamasu zeRussia Federation. Ukufunda insimu ebalazweni, kubhekwe ngokulinganayo njengokungathi kuzinhlelo ezimbili:

1. Cabanga ngezici nokubukeka kobuso bomhlaba ngemigqa yayo.
2. Thola ubukhona nemvelo yendawo ekhona kuso.

Lezi zinto zidwetshwe emashadi anezimpawu zesimo sezinto ezibonakalayo. Zonke izifunda zendawo ezikhonjiswe kumamephu e-topographic zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayisisekelo anjalo, ngasinye esinehlelo lwaso lwabaphawuli bezobuhlobo:

• Ukuhlala kwabantu;
• Isembozo somhlabathi nesitshalo;
• I-Hydrography;
• Izinto zendawo ezikude-izindawo zomhlaba;
• Izakhiwo zomphakathi, izimboni nezokulima;
• Inethiwekhi yomgwaqo;
• Izicingo zokuphatha kanye nemingcele.

Izimpawu zobudlelwano ezamukelwe ezintweni ezihlukene zensimu zikhonjiswa ematafuleni akhethekile, okujwayelekile. Kunesibopho kuzo zonke iminyango kanye nezinsizakalo zaseRussia, ezikhiqiza amabalazwe okuzulazula. Klasini ngayinye yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zendawo (isibonelo, imigwaqo, amabhuloho, izindawo zokuhlala), uphawu oluvamile oluchaza uhlobo lwento olusekelwe.

Uma isigaba esinikeziwe sezinto zomakhelwane sinezinguqulo eziningana zesampula, khona-ke uphawu lwesisekelo luhlanganiswa kancane noma luguqulwa ukuze lubonise.

Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlobene

Izibonakaliso zamasonto eziMpi ZaseRussia ngenhloso kanye nezakhiwo zazo zihlukaniswe ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Isilinganiso esikhulu;
• Incazelo;
• Isikali.

Amanothi wesilinganiso

Ngakho-ke, usuvele wazi ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwezibonakaliso ezijwayelekile ezivamile kuyini. Amatshwayo anomgomo wokulinganisa (esilinganisweni) asetshenziselwa ukukhomba izinto zendawo ezilinganiselwe ukuthi zichazwe emephini. Isibonelo, indawo ye-marsh, indawo yokuhlala, ihlathi.

Uphawu ngalunye lwabalandeli luhlanganisa umdwebo - umngcele wendawo yento enikeziwe, futhi ugcwalise ngamamaki afanayo emklamo wayo, okuthiwa ukugcwalisa izimpawu.

Yonke imidwebo ebalazweni idonselwa ngokulingana nesilinganiso ngokulondoloza ukufaniswa nokuqondisa kwabo emasimini wangempela ensimini. Zifakwe amachashazi uma zingahambisani neminye imigqa endaweni (imigwaqo, imigodi, izicingo), ezithathwe ezinye izimpawu.

Izibonakaliso ezingaphandle kwezinga

Ziyini izimpawu eziyinhloko zamathangi, sesivele sithole. Futhi yiziphi izimpawu ezingezona ezilinganiselwe? Lezi yizibonakaliso ezidingekayo ukuze kuvezwe izinto ezincane zendawo ezingaphenduki emapulazini, izakhi ezikude, imithombo, izindlu, njalonjalo. Lapho ukhiqiza into enjalo ngesilinganiso, ichashaza lizovela emephini.

Isici esilandelayo esivumelanayo esivela phambili sihlanganisa lokhu, njengokungathi, iphuzu eliholayo elidlulisela ngokuqondile isimo sezinto, futhi isisekelo salo sibonisa isithombe saso.

Leli iphuzu eliyinhloko:

• Ngezimpawu nge angle langakwesokudla ngezansi - phezulu kwekhoneni;
• Amalebula womumo olinganiselwe (i-asterisk, isikwele, umbuthano, umugqa) - enkabeni yesibalo;
• Abalingiswa ngendlela yesibalo esinesisekelo esibanzi - phakathi kwesisekelo;
• Izimpawu eziyinhlanganisela yezithombe eziningana - enkabeni yesithombe esingaphansi.

La maphuzu ahamba phambili asetshenziselwa izilinganiso ezinembile ebalazweni lamabanga phakathi kwezinto futhi lapho izixhumanisi zabo zandiswa.

Ukukala kumephu

Amamaki ahlobene nezimo afaka izimpawu zomgwaqo, imifudlana nezinye izinto zendawo, lapho ubude kuphela obuvezwa khona esikalini (ububanzi bemephu abukwazi ukulinganiswa). Ukubekwa kwabo ngqo kulo mbhalo kucatshangwa yi-middle (longitudinal axis) yesibonakaliso. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinto ezincane zendawo (izinto ezimila mahhala, izihlahla, imithombo, njll) zisetshenziswa ngamamaki angaphezulu, kanye nezinkulu (imifula, izindawo zokuhlala, njll) - kuye ngokuthi ububanzi beshadi, ngezandiso nemigqa yezinhlangothi.

Amalebula angaphandle-nje angakwazi ukucacisa ubukhulu bezinto noma indawo abahlala kuyo, ngakho akunakwenzeka, isibonelo, ukukala ububanzi bhuloho emephini.

Izinhlamvu ezichazayo

Izibonakaliso ezichazayo ezihlobene nazo zisetshenziselwa ukubonisa izinhlobo zezinto kanye nezici zabo ezengeziwe. Isibonelo, umcibisholo osemfuleni ukhombisa ukuqondiswa kwamanje, isibalo somuthi oqhamukayo noma owenziwe ngaphakathi kwe-contourous ehlathini - uhlobo oluthile lwezihlahla kulo, njalonjalo.

Izimpawu zokukhomba izimoto zempi

Ukungena ngemvume kwezobuchwepheshe kuthatha indima enkulu kakhulu. Ukuze bahlukanise izimoto zabo zempi futhi babone ukuthi bangabanikazi beyunithi, amayunithi, ziyizinombolo ezimelelekile nezibonakaliso zokuhlonza.

Isibonakaliso sobuciko sengxenye (uxhumano) isici sejometri esithathwe ngesimo sesikwele, umbuthano, umugqa, unxantathu, idayimane nokunye. Inani lezinhlobonhlobo zalezi zibonakaliso lidinga ukwandiswa. Ngakho-ke, namuhla kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa imigqa phakathi kwabo ngezindlela ezahlukene, izinhlamvu, izinombolo, imidwebo yezihlahla namahlamvu awo. Ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye eyodwa yelebuli ivele idwetshwe. Izimpawu ezinjalo zeyunithi (uxhumo) ziqokwa umlawuli omkhulu futhi ziguqulwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Izinombolo ezinemibandela zimelela inombolo yezinombolo ezintathu. Ngesikhathi esithile, umlawuli wezokuxhumana kweyunithi ngayinye yezempi unikezela izinombolo ezimbalwa. Isibonelo, 200-288 noma 700-555. Umphathi webutho lezempi ubeka umyalelo wokubalwa kwezinqola zokulwa. Kulolu cala, ngenqubo efanayo, kuvunyelwe ukuphinda izinombolo ezifanayo.

Ukusebenzisa izimpawu kumishini

Isibonakaliso sezindlela zokukhomba sithathwa emaceleni kwesobunxele nangakwesokudla somshini (izinhlangothi zombhoshongo) phambi kwenombolo ehlobene. Ngokuqondene nokuba khona kwezindawo ezivulekile ezinhlangothini (imibhoshongo) kuvunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa ngokuhamba komshini wezempi ngaphambi kwenombolo evamile.

Ehlobo, lamalebula aqoshiwe ngepende elimhlophe, nasebusika noma ngesikhathi sokusebenza ehlane, lapho imishini yempi inemibala emnyama, imnyama (ebomvu).

Izibalo zombhalo womgomo zidonsa ngokuphakama kwama-20-40 cm, kuye ngokuthi izimfanelo ezakhayo zemishini yempi. Ububanzi bawo buyingxenye yesithathu kokuphakama. Imingcele ye-tactical symbol kufanele ibe okungenani ezimbili kwezintathu ukuphakama kwamadijithi wenombolo yokuxhumana, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kwabo. Ubukhulu bemigqa yalezi zimpawu ngenye yesithupha yokuphakama kwawo.

Hlanganisa

Ezindaweni lapho kwakukhona ukuhlukana kwangempela, futhi lapho kwenziwa khona izivivinyo, izimpawu zamathuluzi zanikezwa, okuhambisana noMqulu kwakuyizibalo ze-geometric. Isigaba ngasinye sanikezwa uphawu olulodwa olucacile, ngaphakathi kwawo izibalo, izinhlamvu, amaphuzu, imikhakha, imigqa emele ibettion ehlukene, iqembu lafakwa.

Nakuba imithetho ayikuvimbeli izimpawu zokudweba phakathi kwezimpawu, kepha ngokusebenza lokhu akuzange kuhlangane nakho. Lezi zithombe emva kokuzivocavoca futhi zahlala kuhlelo, ziphendulela amasosha abe amamaki okugcina unomphela. Ngokuvamile babekhonza iminyaka eminingana kusukela ekufundiseni nasekufundiseni.

Lo mqulu wawubophezele ukubonisa inombolo ezinhlangothini zombili zombhoshongo (ezinhlangothini ezimbili) nangemuva kwalo (ngemuva komoto). Kodwa kaningi kusetshenziselwa kuphela okuthiwa "imishini yokudubula", eyayisetshenziselwa ukuqeqeshwa ekudubula ukuqeqeshwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunzima kumholi wokuhamba ngaphandle kwenombolo enjalo ukuze uthole embhoshongweni womyalo lapho umshini khona.

Kodwa kakade ngenkathi impi yase-Afghanistan, kwakudingekile ukususa hhayi kuphela izimpawu ezihlambalaza zaBalindi nezinkundla ezikhethekile, kodwa futhi nezibonakaliso ezivamile, ezivela ezithweni zempi. Empini yaseChenchen, ngisho nasezindizeni nasezindizeni ezinophephela emagumbini. Amabala aqhakazile ambala ahlukanisa amasu futhi asize isitha ukuqaphela, ukusesha nokugxila kulo.