I-Blitzkrieg yilokho i-Wehrmacht ehlukumezile

I-Blitzkrieg iyindlela yokuqhuba impi esheshayo (iBlitzkrieg yaseJalimane, kusukela eBlitz - umbani kanye neKrieg -voyne), okuletha ukunqoba ebuthweni labanqobile. Izimo eziyisisekelo ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla, ikhono lokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi esiqinile. Incazelo yegama elithi "blitzkrieg" alizange ithathwe ngamaJalimane ngokoqobo, futhi kuze kube yilapho ethile yayisetshenziswa kuphela emibuthanweni yempi. Emithonjeni esemthethweni, leli gama livele ngemuva kokuhlasela kukaJalimane ePoland ngo-September 1939. Ezincwadini ezahlukene, umuntu angathola izincazelo zezinguquko eziningana zokuvela kombono we-blitzkrieg. Ake sihlale kulowo nalowo ngokuningiliziwe.

I-Theory ye-Blitzkrieg i-Heinz Guderian

Iningi lekhredithi ngokuthuthukiswa kwalo libhekiswe kuColonel Heinz Guderian, owathi lapho ekhona umyalo omkhulu kunazo zonke waseJalimane, wamemezela ukuthi wayazi ukuthi angakwazi kanjani ukunqoba insimu yesitha ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa amathangi amancane, izindiza kanye nama-squads amancane. Ukusabela kulesi sitatimende kwakubikezelwe. Akekho owamkholelwa. Nokho, uHitler unikeze uGuderian ukuba abonise indlela yokwenza i-blitzkrieg ngokumelene namabutho aseFrance noMbuso waseBrithani. Umphumela awuzange uthathe isikhathi eside: isitha sabuyiselwa emuva emabhishi aseDunkirk esikhathini esingamasonto. Futhi, iqiniso lokuthi ama-conservatives, amaFulentshi namaBrithani asetshenziswa kuphela amacebo amasu ahlolwe iminyaka, awasebenzelanga amaJalimane, ngaphandle kokwenza izinguquko. IPoland, besebenzisa uhlelo "Blitzkrieg", elawulwa ukugqilazwa ezinsukwini eziyishumi nesikhombisa kuphela.

Hans von Sect nombono wakhe

U-Chief of Staff of the Army uHans von Sect eminyakeni engamashumi amabili namashumi amabili ekhulwini lama-20, wahlanganyela ocwaningweni ngezimbangela zokunqotshwa kwamabutho aseJalimane eMpini Yezwe Lokuqala. Wafika esiphethweni sokuthi kuphela amaqhinga eminyaka emibili eyedlule enomphumela omuhle, yingakho kwakudingeka kuthathwe njengesisekelo sokulungiselela isizukulwane esisha sebutho laseJalimane. Ngokombono wakhe, ukucasula ngokumelene nesitha kwakuwukulandela iphethini elilandelayo:

1. Okokuqala, ukuhlasela okufushane kodwa okunamandla kakhulu emgodini obuthakathaka wesitha ngokusizwa ngamapulangwe, umusi nomsindo.

2. Khona-ke umsebenzi wezinqola zokuhlaselwa ekuhlanjuleni kokugcina kwezindawo ezithathiwe.

Ngokusho kukaHans von Sect, i-blitzkrieg iyithuthukisa izindaba zezempi ngokujwayelekile. Wayekholelwa ukuthi okwamanje akudingi nje inkolelo yempi, kodwa futhi nemishini yempi, kuhlanganise nezikhali.

Eminye imithombo ithi inqubo yezimpi "blitzkrieg" yatholwa nguCharles de Gaulle futhi ngo-1934 ichazwe encwadini yakhe, kanti umyalo waseJalimane uguqule kancane kancane. Ekuqondeni kwakhe, i-blitzkrieg iyisimanje samandla empi.

I-Operation Blitzkrieg ekuchazeni i-USSR

"Inkolelo yokuqhuma okujulile", echazwe ezincwadini zokufunda ezinkundleni zamathangi, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1935, i-blitzkrieg isitayela seSoviet. Umgomo oyinhloko ukungena ngokushesha, ngokushesha nokuya ensimini yesitha, besebenzisa amathangi hhayi ngenxa yokulwa isikhathi eside, kodwa ukuvimbela umoya wokulwa webutho lezitha nokuphazamisa ukusebenza okuhlaselayo nokuzivikela.

Inguqulo ye-classical ye-Operation Blitzkrieg

Ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kulesi sitshalo kwaqhutshwa kusuka endizeni ehlose amasu, imizila yokuxhumana, ukugcinwa kwezikhali, izinhlamvu nemishini yempi, ukusika zonke izindlela zokubuyela emuva nokunciphisa ikhono lomphikisi lokulwa nalo. Izikhali zazisetshenziselwa ukudlula emgqeni wezitha, zilandelwa ngamathangi nokuhlaselwa kwamanzi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesigaba sesibili se-Operation Blitzkrieg ukungena ngemuva kwesitha sezansi futhi uhlanganise ngokuqinile izikhundla zawo lapho. Izinqola zokuhlasela zizama ukubhubhisa ngangokunokwenzeka izindlela zokuxhumana zesitha, ukuchitha umyalo wokunciphisa isitha nokunciphisa ukuziphatha kwakhe. Ukuxhumana namayunithi abo, amabutho aseJalimane asebenzisa umsakazo kuphela, osevele uzibonakalise njengokwethenjelwa kakhulu ezimweni zasemasotini.

I-Fiasco ye-blitzkrieg ye-Wehrmacht e-USSR

Iphutha eliyinhloko futhi elibulalayo laseJalimane ekuhlaselweni kwe-USSR ukuthembela kumaqhinga wokuhlaselwa okuyisimo. AmaRussia, ecabangela okuhlangenwe nakho kwempi yombango, enza ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwindlela yokuqondisa, eyayivame ukudideka isitha esiqhubekayo. Ngokugcizelela okuyinhloko kwamathangi, i-Wehrmacht yabheka ngokugcwele ukungena ensimini ye-USSR ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga "we-blitzkrieg". Lokhu kwasebenza kuphela phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yempi, futhi kwaba yinto engenalutho, ngoba emafenjini amakhomishini aseSoviet ayekwenziwa, akwazi ukuhamba ngamasondo namathrekhi, okwakunzima kakhulu umsebenzi wezitha.

Ukusebenzisa amaqhinga we-blitzkrieg, amaJalimane awazange ashintshe noma yini phakathi nempi, ecabangela ukuthi amasu awo afanelekile. Ukubikezela kwabo nokungafuni ukushiya iphethini elikhethiwe lempi ladlala indiza enonya. Yilokho kanye amabutho aseSoviet asetshenzisiwe, ephumelele ekunqobeni ukulwa okunzima futhi ekhulule izwe labo bomhlaba abahlaseli, kodwa, njengaseYurophu enkulu.