Imfundo:Umlando

Isikhundla sezempi "umphathi jikelele wezempi"

Umphathi wezempi akayona nje isikhundla sezempi, isigaba somuntu siqu sezempi, okushiwo isikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu (noma esinye sezikhulu) ezempi emaqenjini angaphezu kwazo zonke izifunda zanamuhla. Ngaphezulu kwesigaba sobonke - kuphela isihloko se-marshal noma se-marshal field, esetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe. Futhi uma isihloko esinjalo singatholakali, i-rank of general iyona post ephezulu kunazo zonke ezempi. Izibonelo zamazwe anjalo yi-United States ne-Ukraine.

Kodwa-ke, kunezikhathi ezithile ezingenasidingo emlandweni walesi sihloko. Isibonelo, eSpain, isihloko esithi "jikelele-isiphathimandla", cishe esivumelana nesigaba se-marshal yensimu, esiphezulu kunezinga elijwayelekile, lihlelwe.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono umqondo "wezempi jikelele", umuntu kufanele aqhathanise izihloko zamagatsha ase-USA kanye ne-USSR.

EmaRiphabhulikhi ase-United States, isihloko se- marshal, esingaqondakali esihlotshaniswa nobukhosi, asikaze sibe khona. Imizamo enzima ayenzwanga ukuyibeka. Njengomlingani walo ngoJulayi 1866, iCongress yasungula isikhundla esiphezulu sezempi - umphathi wezempi, eyabanikela ngo-US Grant, owayenezinkazimulo zeqhawe leMpi Yombango, owaba ngumengameli waseMelika kamuva. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba khona kuphela njengesihloko somkhosi siqu, hhayi isikhundla sezempi ejwayelekile. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo lesi sihloko singathwala umlawuli oyedwa kuphela.

Phakathi nekhulu lama-40 ekhulwini lama-20, lesi sihloko sabukezwa yiCongress futhi senziwa njengesikhundla samasosha esihlala njalo. Nokho, kusukela ngo-September 20, 1950, lesi sihloko asisetshenzisiwe, nakuba sisalulwe emithethweni yezempi. Abaphathi be-US Army baqala ukuba nesiqu esilingana nesimo sokubonga kwemikhumbi kanye nombuthano we-Air Force, owasungulwa ngaleso sikhathi.

E-USSR lesi sihloko sanikezwe incazelo ehlukile. Lapha, isihloko esithi "ibutho lempi" laliyisigaba somuntu siqu esingaphansi kwesigodlo saseSoviet Union futhi siphakeme kunezinga lika-colonel jikelele. Ngemva kokuhamba kwe-serviceman kusuka enkonzweni kuya ezingeni, amagama athi "umhlalaphansi" noma "ukugcina" athengisiwe.

Isikhundla sezempi somphathi wezempi sasisinye sezigaba ezine eziphakeme kakhulu ezazisungulwa ngo-1940 eSoviet Army. Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa eRussia, i-rank of general military did not exist, empeleni, isikhundla esiphezulu sezempi sasingesi-tsar. Abaphathi bokuqala bebutho lamaSoviet - G.K. Zhukov, I.V. U-Tyulenev, K.A. Meretskov. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isihloko sombuthano weSoviet, kanye noMarshal weSoviet Union, sasingakafaneli muntu kuze kube ngu-1943, lapho i-epaulettes enezinkanyezi ezine zihanjiswa ngokugcwele ku- A.M. Vasilevsky.

Ngemva kwalokho, ngesikhathi seMpi YaseGreat Patriotic, i-rank of general army yanikezwa amanye amakhosi ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye empi, okwakhiwa kamuva abayishumi isikhundla seMarshal of the Soviet Union.

Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko kwakuwukuqondisa izinkombandlela zamasu. Phakathi nenkathi yempi, umphathi wamabutho wanikezwa indima yomlawuli wephambili, futhi ekupheleni kwempi, iphini lakhe.

Ngemuva kwempi, i-rank of general yayingasabonakaliswa yimpumelelo eyenziwa yimpi, kodwa kumalungu abaphathi abakhulu bezingxenye zempi zombuso, kuhlanganise namabutho ezokuphepha nezisebenzi zezombangazwe, ngokusebenza kwabo.

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