I-crystal enemibala - ubusuku obusikhalini

Imikhiqizo ye-Crystal ibonakala izinkulungwane zeminyaka edlule. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu - izingcezu zeglasi ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokucwaningwa kwemfuyo. Ama-vases avela ku-crystal enemibala angokwesikhathi sasendulo. Ama-crystal imikhiqizo nawo asetshenziswa amaRoma. Lezi yizimpawu, izitsha, imihlobiso.

I-Czech noma i-crystal enemibala iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu iyamjabulisa umuntu. Wavela eBohemia, indawo eyagcina yaba yiCzech Republic, incane iyaziwa ngakho. Yayiyini impilo yabakhileyo bayo, ukuthi bekukhona kangakanani - asazi. Kuyaziwa kusukela emfundweni yomlando ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthi ibe yiCzech Republic, kwaba khona ngaphansi kweBohemia.

Umbala i-crystal, i-glass pearl

Enye into - ingilazi ye-Bohemian. Leli gama lisinde kuze kube yilolu suku. Imikhiqizo evelele evela ku-glass bohemian yadumile kulo lonke izwe. Kuyinto impahla ehlala njalo, ngaphandle kokuhle. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ngamapayipi okumpontshelwa okungakahleleki adlala ngaphansi kwemisebe yokukhanya, ephendukela emigqonyeni yamaphuzu.

Kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, kubaluleke kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye ingilazi. Ama-blower okuqala, awazi kahle ukudala ingilazi ye-Bohemian, ayengamaCzech. Ngakho-ke, ibizwa ngokuthi - iCzech i-crystal enemibala.

I-Crystal iyinto yokunethezeka

Ngaphambilini, imikhiqizo evela ku- Bohemian crystal ayikwazanga ukuthenga konke. Wayebhekwa njengento yokunethezeka. Abahlonishwayo kuphela nabantu abacebile bathenga ingilazi yekristall. Umuntu wesidingo kufanele abe nokuthile okuvela esilalini saseCzech kwakungenakwenzeka.

Futhi kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-12, konke kuguqukile. I-Czech Republic iyaba yizwe elithuthukile, imboni yokukhiqiza ingilazi ithuthuka. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-90 zangekhulu le-XVI kunezitolo eziningi zokugcoba ingilazi. Futhi maduze nje i-crystal enemibala yafinyeleleka kubantu abavamile.

Izinhlobo ze-crystal yaseCzech

Eqinisweni, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-crystal. Le crystal iyimvelo kanye nezimboni, eyenziwe ngabantu. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingu-4 ze-crystal:

1. Intaba (lokhu kuyinto yemvelo).
2. Barium.
3. Phatha.
4. I-calcium-potassium.

I-crystal enemibala yomboni idalwe ngokufaka i-fusion lead oxide ne-silika, ihlanganisa i-sodium, i-potassium nezinye izakhi ezengeziwe.

Lobuchwepheshe wokwenza i-crystal kubhekwa kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukungahambisani nemigomo kanye nokucaciswa kungaba nemiphumela ebuhlungu.

Uma i-crystal yenziwe ngokuhola ne-barium, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, elifinyelela ku-1500 degrees, liyadingeka. Kulesi simo, izithasiselo ezahlukene kanye nesihlabathi se-quartz zisetshenziswa. Ngosizo lwabo, i-crystal eqinile idalwe.

Ingilazi eyingqayizivele yokudweba

Umbala we-crystal "iBohemia" udume ngokudweba okhethekile esibukweni, abasekeli baseRoma basendulo. Imidwebo enjalo yasendulo yayihlotshiswe ngezitsha ezahlukene. Kamuva, le nqubo yaqala ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo engilazi.

Isigcoko sekhotho sika-Emperor Rudolph II waba ngowokuqala owaqala ukusebenzisa kabanzi inqubo yasendulo ekwakheni i-glassware, ngaleyo ndlela akhazimulisa yena kanye nengilazi emhlabeni wonke. Wasebenzisa indlela yakhe ekhethekile yalokhu. Lezi yizici zeglasi ezihlanganisiwe nge-engraving emihle, ubuso bedayimane kanye ne-puncturing.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, inkathi entsha ye-glassblowing isiqalile. Isitayela esiyingqayizivele, ehlukile embukisweni wokusika ingilazi yeBohemian yahlakazeka emhlabeni wonke. Imikhiqizo evela ekristini yaseCzech izuze ukuthandwa okukhulu eYurophu. Futhi ngokushesha ukukhiqizwa kwageleza yonke imakethe eMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Yonke imikhiqizo yamakhosi aseCzech ihluke kwimikhiqizo yabanye abadwebi. Yakhiwe nge-crystal enemibala, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ubuhle obuyingqayizivele yobuhle. Owokuqala ukuthenga ingilazi yaseCzech kwakuyi-Ottoman Sultans.

Nokho, ekhulwini le-VI, ingilazi yaseCzech yayingakafiki i-crystal manje. Ngakho kwaze kwaphela ekupheleni kuka-1676, kuze kube yilapho umzuzu owodwa we-glassblower, waseBrithani ngobuzwe, ezama ukufaka i-oxyde ehola ekubunjweni kweglasi yamaBhohemi. Imfihlakalo Raivenscroft yazama izindlela eziningi.

Wafuna ukwakha i-glass eqinile futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo. Indawo ekhethekile phakathi kokuhlolwa kwakuthathwa ngokulingiswa kwe-diamond. Wenza ingilazi ibe yindabuko enhle, enesihe futhi ehlala njalo.

Lapho kufika ingilazi enjalo, i-crystal yokuqala yabonakala. Behluke kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zobungcweti nomsindo omuhle ngokumangalisayo. Kamuva, i-Czech glassblower Müller yaqala ukusebenzisa izimpumelelo zikaRivenscroft, okwathi ngemva kwalokho phakathi kuka-1684 kwavela i-crystal enemibala, ncamashi esiyiyazi. Namuhla eCzech Republic, izindlela ezimbili zokukhiqiza ingilazi zisetshenziswa:

1. Ingilazi ye-bohemian.
2. Ingilazi yepende.

Izimfihlo zeCriststal

Imfihlakalo yokudalwa kwayo ibuyela emuva. Ekudalweni kweglasi yamaBhohemi kuphela ubuchwepheshe obudala bokukhiqizwa kwayo asetshenziswa. Sibonga kubo, ngemva kokuqina luba luhlanzekile, lube lukhuni, lukhanya ngokukhethekile.

I-Crystal iba ngenxa yomsebenzi wama-carvers nama-grinders. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wonke umsebenzi wenziwa ngesandla kuphela, okwenza ingilazi ibonakale idayimane.