I-helicopter MI-17: imininingwane kanye nezithombe

Ngenkathi ekhulwini le-XV elide kakhulu umsunguli ohlakaniphile nomculi uLeonardo da Vinci wadala iphrojekthi yakhe siqu yendiza, akazange asolise ukuthi ingakanani isikhathi sakhe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kuphela ngekhulu lama-XX kuphela. Wabonakala imishini yokuqala yokusebenza esebenzisa isimiso se-Italy enkulu.

Umlando Omfushane We-Helicopter

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala ekwakhiweni kwesimodeli samanje se-helicopter kuwela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho izinjini zepetroli zivela ngamandla anele ukuhlinzeka ukuphakama kwe- rotor eyinhloko. Phakathi kwamaphayona okwakhiwa kwezindiza zezindiza kwakungabadwebi baseRussia: Igor Sikorsky (wadala onobuhle ababili) noBoris Yuryev (basungula indlela yokwenza i-propeller). Ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili kwagqugquzela ucwaningo emkhakheni wezokwakha i-helicopter, futhi ngonyaka wama-1940 izidalwa zokuqala zokukhiqiza ze-rotorcraft zadalwa. Cishe izindiza ezintsha zinesithakazelo empini, kodwa impi yase-US kuphela eVietnam yembula ngokugcwele amandla okulwa wezindiza.

Ukuzalwa kwesigameko "eziyisishiyagalombili"

ESoviet Union, bazama ukuhambisana nesitha esingaba khona ekudaleni izindiza zezindiza, ngakho-ke kwakhiwa ama-freeaus amabili, ama-Kamov nama-Mil, athuthukisa i-rotorcraft. Abalandeli bezindiza bayazi ukuthi laba abaklami bezindiza basebenzisa uhlelo oluhlukile lwezimoto zabo. Uma izindiza ze-Kamov zinezikhwama ezimbili ze-coaxial ezijikelezayo ngokubhekiselele komunye nomunye, khona-ke izinjini zeMil zisetshenziselwa ukushintshanisa i-rotor yomsila. Ngokwemibandela yereferensi, ukuthuthukiswa kweMi-8 kwahlelwe njengamanje yendiza enkulu yamaSoviet Mi-4, futhi yaqala ngo-1959. Kodwa umklami waphumelela, ngokubhalisa ukwesekwa kweKrushchev, ukuphoqa ekudaleni umshini omusha. Ngakho-ke kwavela "eyisikhombisa" eyedumile - i-helicopter eyaziwa kakhulu futhi ehlonishwa kakhulu kunazo zonke. Ngokwesisekelo sayo, ukulungiswa okuningi kuye kwadalwa, ezinye zazo, imishini yempi ye- electronic, ziyimfihlakalo kulolu suku.

Ukuguqulwa kokuthekelisa

Ngenxa yokuthi i-G8 isheshe yathandwa kakhulu ku-USSR kuphela, kodwa futhi nezintandokazi ezingaphandle kwamanye amazwe, kunqunywe ukuba kulungiswe ukulungiswa okhethekile kwe-helicopter ukulethwa kwamakethe angaphandle. Uma uqhathanisa ama-Mi-8 no-Mi-17, okungukuthi, umshini wokuthumela ngaphandle wathola le nkomba, umehluko omkhulu we-helicopter ubonakala ngokushesha: i-rotor yomsila emgqeni womsila ingakwesobunxele (ku-Mi-8 ngakwesokudla). Kwakucelwe futhi ukwenza izinguquko ekudalweni kwelanga leshumi nesikhombisa, ngokuvumelana nezidingo zomqhubi othile. I-helicopter yama-Mi-17 ikhiqizwa eKazzan nase-Ulan-Ude.

Ukwakhiwa

Ngokuhlelekile, ama-helicopter ama-Mi-8 no-Mi-17 empeleni oyisibonelo esisodwa. Umehluko omkhulu ukhona endaweni yesikhukhula sokuqondisa, isiqondiso saso sokujikeleza kanye nezinyunyana zamandla kagesi ezifutshane. Isibhamu senkampani yesikhwama sinekhamera yokugcoba, ama-blades ayo ayenziwe nge-fiberglass. I-helicopter yama-Mi-17 ifakwe izitshalo ezimbili zamandla kagesi ezinamandla angama-1400 kW. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kweyunithi eyodwa, kungenzeka ukuthi uqhubeke indiza enjini esele. Ukudluliselwa kwe-VR-14 kunciphisa. I-helicopter yama-Mi-17 isebenzisa imishini ehlinzeka ngokuhlola ezindaweni ezimangalisayo zezulu kanye nasebusuku, nasezindleleni zokuguqula ezempi - idivayisi yokudubula izicupho zokushisa kanye ne-dipole reflectors. Njengezikhali, i-canon ye-GSh-23 kanye nesibhamu somshini omkhulu. Kungenzeka futhi ukubeka izinhlobo zokulwa ezihlukahlukene ekumiswe kwangaphandle.

I-Helicopter eyi-17: imininingwane

Amandla wezinjini ze-helicopter i-2х1400 kW, ethwele isikrini esingu-21.29 wamamitha ububanzi, isivinini: esiphezulu - 250 km / h, ukuhamba - 240 km / h, ububanzi bendiza - 465 km. Njengoba sibona, izici ze-Mi-17 zisezingeni eliphakeme futhi azilaleli ngemuva kwemingcele yemishini yesimanje.

Izinguquko ezinkulu

Kusukela ngo-1981, lapho i-helicopter yama-Mi-17 iqalisa ekuphileni, inani elikhulu lokuguqulwa kwalo linikezwe, kokubili izinguqulo zomphakathi nezasempi. Ake sicabangele ezinye zazo. I-Mi-17P yenzelwe ukuthwala abagibeli, kukhona inguqulo yayo ye "Salon", esetshenziselwa abantu be-VIP. I-helicopter yokulondoloza i-Mi-17, isithombe esinikezwa kulesi sihloko, sinombhalo we-M, ifakwe umcibisholo nge-Winch kanye nokukhanya kwe-flight ukucinga izinto ebusuku. I-Mi-17-1B iyimoto yokuthutha enezimboni zamandla ezandayo kanye namandla okuthwala. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuhloswe futhi ukuba kungabikho ukuthutha kokufika. Kulesi simo, ukumiswa kwangaphandle kufakwe izikhali ezijwayelekile.

Izinketho zanamuhla

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-80 yekhulu lama-20 kwakungu-Mi-17, okwakhiqizwa ngaphansi kwe-Mi-171 index. Ngesisekelo sayo isibhedlela saseMi-171VA esindizayo sakhiwe, sinekamelo lokusebenza. Kwakuhloswe ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo nokukhishwa kwabalimele kusuka ezindaweni ezinzima ukufinyelela. I-Mi-172 iyi-helicopter yokuphatha abagibeli ngamandla akhulisiwe esitshalo samandla esisha. Ngesizathu seMi-17, i-laboratory "yezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo" nayo yadalwa, eyenzelwe ukuqapha isimo semvelo. I-helicopter ifakwe imishini yokuhlola umhlaba nomkhathi, ukulawulwa kwe-radiological, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesimo semvelo sendawo. Inketho yomlilo iklanyelwe ukuhlonza nokuqeda umlilo ezindaweni ezikude nasezindaweni ezikude nasehlathini. Ifakwe ngedivaysi ye-spillway enevolumu yenani lamamitha ayi-cubic amabili. Ukuguqulwa okulandelayo kwe-helicopter, i-Mi-17PL, kuyimingcele enezintambo ezinezinhlangothi ezihlukene . Yenzelwe ukunciphisa iziteshi ze-radar zezindiza nezinhlelo zokulwa nezindiza, ukuphazamisa umsebenzi wezinhlelo zokuzivikela zomoya. Uhlelo luvumela ukukhetha uhlobo oluphumelelayo kakhulu lokuphazamiseka kwemithombo ethize yokushiya umsakazo. I-Mi-17MD - i-helicopter yama-Mi-17 yamanje yesikhashana (isithombe sezingqungquthela ezithuthukisiwe zengxenye phambili ye-fuselage ithulwe kulesi sihloko). Ukuze ulayishe ngokushesha futhi ulayishe ama-paratroopers, iminyango yokugcoba yekhabini esuka ohlangothini lwamachweba yenyuka ibe ngamamitha angu-1.25. Kunikelwe, uma kwenzeka ukufika okuphuthumayo emanzini, uhlelo lokusekela ngokuxhunywa olunezinhlamvu ezine ezigcwala igesi isigamu somzuzu futhi ugcine i-helicopter iqhubekela phambili kumasekhondi amathathu. I-helicopter ingaba nemishini eyengeziwe namathangi.

Abasebenzisi Basemqoka

Kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa kwalo, ama-helicopter ama-Mi-17 athole ukuthandwa okukhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Futhi ngisho nangamanje, sebeye bawela iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, le mishini iqoqa isibhakabhaka emazweni angaba yikhulu futhi ikhonza eNhlanganweni yeziZwe. Zitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi: kusukela e-Antarctica ebandayo eya e-Afrika eshisayo. Ama-helicopter ahlinzeka ngempahla ehlukahlukene kanye nabagibeli, aqeda imililo futhi akhuphule abalimele, ukulwa. I-Mi-17 enkulu kunazo zonke iyingxenye yeRussia namazwe ezithuba zeSoviet. Kusukela emazweni aphesheya-aphesheya abasebenzisa le mishini kokubili emphakathini nasemajoni ezempi, kungenzeka ukuthi u-India, Iraq, Afghanistan, Venezuela, Cuba, Nicaragua, Sudan naseTurkey. Ngithanda kakhulu ukuphawula indiza ye-Iraq ne-Afghanistan. Ukuze uyigcwalise, i-Pentagon isiqedile isivumelwano neRosoboronexport ngokunikezwa kwezindiza eziyikhulu zama-Mi-17. I-US, enomkhakha wokukhiqiza izindiza othuthukile kakhulu, yavuma ukuthi i-helicopter yaseRussia ishintshwe ngokugcwele ukuze isebenze ezindaweni eziphakeme nasezintabeni, ezinokwethenjelwa futhi ezingenakuzithoba enkonzweni. Ngokwezisekelo zalezi zinto, ngisho nokuphikisana kwavela phakathi kwe-US Army kanye nabamthetho base-US: I-Pentagon idinga ukuthi izigwegwe ezibekwe eRussia akufanele zikhathazeke ngenkontileka yama-helicopter angama-17. Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamayunithi weMi-17 kuye kwakhetha amazwe afana neRomania, eSudan, eTurkey naseNingizimu Korea. Ukuqhubeka konke okushiwo ngenhla, kungenzeka ukudweba: ngaphezu kwezimoto eziphumelelayo njenge-Ми-8 - 17, isikhathi ngokwayo asiyona into emangalisa, kanti noma seyidlulile eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 kusukela i-helicopter yokuqala yale modeli ikhuphukile emoyeni, lo mshini usaqhubeka Ingabe kudingekile futhi unomthombo omuhle wokuqhubela phambili okwamanje.