I-Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic eminyakeni ye-Great Patriotic War

Ngezikhathi zempi, kanye nabanye abantu abazalwane babe negalelo ekulwa nombuso we-fascists noMordovian ASSR. уроженцы республики, не дожидаясь повесток, отправлялись на призывные пункты. Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu yePatriotic, abantu baseRiphablikhi, bengalindeli ama-ajenda, baya eziteshini zokuqasha. Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala, amavolontiya angaphezu kuka-6 000 aya phambili.

Umlando we-Mordovian ASSR: ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20

Ngo-1918, e-republic, esikhathini esizayo, kanye nasezweni lonke, ukwakheka kobukhomanisi basezempi kwakusendleleni. Wacabanga ngezenzo ezithile zomnotho, ezenhlalo nezombangazwe. Ngomnyaka we-1918, ukukhiqiza isizwe ngokusheshisa kwaqala. I-SNF yakhiwa, ukuvinjelwa kokuhweba kwangasese, ukushintshaniswa kwezinto eziqondile phakathi komuzi kanye nomuzi wasungulwa. Izakhiwo zendawo yokuhlala zathathwa kubanikazi, izwe laphinde lafakwa kabusha. Ubuholi bezwe budala izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusebenzisa izindawo. Lawa angama-cooperatives ezolimo, amakomidi, kanye nokusebenzisana komsebenzi ohlangene ezweni, kanye nemifula kahulumeni kanye neyehlukene. Ngokwenza, zonke lezi zenzakalo zenze umonakalo omkhulu kubantu.

Izingxabano zomphakathi

Kwaqala ngonyaka onjalo ka-1918. Izifunda zombuso waseMordovye zaphenduka kabili umugqa wokuqala. Inombolo ephawulekayo ye-Red Army yamiswa emkhakheni we-republic. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi 1918 iziqhingi zeCzechoslovak Corps zaqala. I-Penza yayiyi-hotbed yokuvukela umbuso. Lapha, abavukuzi abangu-660 abavela eRuzaevka naseSaransk bathunyelwe ukuvimbela lesi sigameko. Ngo-Okthoba 1918 ukudalwa kweQembu LokuQala I-Infantry laqala. Ngo-Ephreli-Meyi 1919 eSaransk kwakukhona iKomiti Yezokuguquka KweBashkir, eyakha isahluko esifanayo. Ngokuvamile, abantu abangaphezu kuka-70 000 baboshwa eMordovia. Abasebenzi kanye neziphathimandla zendawo basekela ibutho. Kodwa inqubomgomo eqinile yeziphathimandla, ikakhulukazi ukuthengiswa kwemali eyengeziwe, yandisa ukunganeliseki kwabasimilayo.

Ukuvukela

Izimpikiswano ezinkulu kakhulu zibhekwa njengezihlukumezi zika-1919. Abamele bazo zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi babambe iqhaza kulezi ziphakamiso. Kanye nezimpikiswano zezilwane, izinkulumo zaqala emaqenjini ezempi. Izidumbu zaqala ukubamba iqhaza ekuvusweni. Ngo-Julayi-Agasti eKrasloblobodsky, i-Insara, iSaransk, iRuzaevsky, i-Nzvvatov nezzds zaziwa ngaphezu kuka-7 000.

Imiphumela Yenqubomgomo

Ngaphezu kokunqoba kweziphathimandla, ukuqedwa kokungenelela, ubukhomanisi bezempi kwaletha inhlekelele emnothweni wezwe. Ukukhiqiza kwezezimboni kuye kwehla kakhulu, izindawo zokutshala zanqunywa yonke indawo. Uhlelo lwezimali lwalubhekene nobunzima obujulile, ukwehla kwamandla emali kwasezingeni eliphakeme, inqubomgomo yentela yayihlambalaza. Ngo-1928 kwakhiwa uhulumeni wesifundazwe. завершилось в 1934 г. Ngokuphelele ukwakheka kweMordovian ASSR kwaqedwa ngo-1934.

Ukuqala kweWWII

Esinye sezikhungo eziyinhloko zokuqeqeshwa kwezempi kwakuyi- ASSO yaseMordovian. республики превратились в партизанские базы и солдатские части. Izifunda zeRiphablikhi zishintsha njengezinhlelo zokuhlanganyela kanye namaqhinga amasosha. Ukwakhiwa okukhethekile kwamabhubhisi amathangi, abagibeli bezindiza, abagibeli bezemvelo base bekulungiswe lapha. Izisekelo zomphakathi zazisungulwa emahlathini aseTemkokovski naseZubovo-Polanski. Emkhakheni weRiphabliki kwakukhona nezinyathelo zokuhamba kwezindiza, iminyango ye-train of trainored armins, amabutho okuxhumana kanye nokuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali.

. Ukwakhiwa kwesibhamu sabantu abangu-326, okwaqala uhambo lwawo ngaseMoscow, futhi okwaphela eduze kwamabhange ase-Elbe, kwakunguMordovian ASSR . Inani elikhulu labantu baseRiphabliki kwakuyiqembu lama-91 eDukhovshchina. Izakhamuzi ezingaba ngu-100 zahlanganiswa ukwakha umngcele weSura. принимала самолеты на специально оснащенных аэродромах. I-Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic yabamba izindiza ezindizeni ezihamba kahle.

Industry

располагала обширными производственными площадями. I-Mordovia ASSR yayinezindawo eziningi zokukhiqiza. Basebenzisa imishini yokukhishwa kwamabhizinisi ase-Oryol, e-Bryansk, e-Kursk, e-Byelorussia nase-Ukraine. Eziningi zazo zaqala ekwindla ka 1941 ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yangaphambili. Maphakathi no-1942, amabhizinisi ayesebenza ngokugcwele. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kokukhiqizwa kwakunzima kakhulu, ngoba akudingi izinguquko ezinkulu ezinkambisweni zobuchwepheshe. I-Saransk Mechanical Plant kanye ne-elektrovypryamitel inkampani yaqala ukusebenza yenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa imboni nokwakhiwa kwezinqolobane zabasebenzi eminyakeni emithathu yempi.

Usizo kwezinye izifunda

приняла порядка 80 тыс. эвакуированных граждан. I-Mordovian ASSR yamukelwa cishe izakhamizi ezingaba ngu-80 ezikhishiwe. Emkhakheni weRiphablikhi, izikole ezingama-26 zokubhukuda nezintandane zasungulwa ukuze zithole izingane ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu. Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala zempi, izakhamuzi zaqala ukukhuliswa futhi zamukela izintandane ezingaphezu kuka-1.3 000. IRiphabhlikhi inikeze usizo olungenzeka emasimini abathintekayo kakhulu umsebenzi waseJalimane. Ngo-1942-1943 e-Orel, eSmolensk, eTula naseRyazan esifundeni kwadluliselwa izinhloko zezinkomo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10, amahhashi ayizinkulungwane ezine.

I-republic neLeningrad basiza. Emuva ukusuka eMordovia, abantu abangaphezu kuka-240 abayizinhlanga ezahlukene bashiye. Abaningi babo bafa. Izinkulungwane zamasosha kaMordovia zaba amaqhawe. Abaningi babo bazihlukanisa lapho bevikela iMoscow, iBrest Fortress, uLeningrad, Sevastopol, i-Kursk Bulge neStalingrad.

UMordovia ASSR eminyakeni yempi emva kokulwa

Izimpi nabahlaseli baseJalimane babangela umonakalo omkhulu esimeni sezomnotho sezwe lonke. Imiphumela yeMordovian ASSR nayo yayibi kakhulu. I-republic yabhekana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Iningi labantu elinamandla labhalwa phambili. Emadolobheni kwakukhona abantu abadala, abantwana nabesifazane. I-republic yayifushane imishini nemishini. Ukuntuleka kwezingxenye, amataretha, enye imishini yokulima yabangela ukubambezeleka kokuvuna, umsebenzi wensimu yasentwasahlobo. Izindawo ezinciphise kakhulu ukuhlwanyela, ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo kwehla, futhi inani lemfuyo lahla.

Ngokuqondene nembonini, lapha eminyakeni yokuthunyelwa kwempi, ipaki yamathuluzi yakhiwe kabusha. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buyashintsha ngokuphawulekayo. Kanye nokwakhiwa nokwandiswa kwamabhizinisi akhona, ukwakhiwa kwamasha kuqale. Ngakho kwakunamakhemikhali, ikhebula, isibani sogesi, ithuluzi nezinye izitshalo. Ngo-1950, kwaba khona ukwanda kwevolumu yomkhiqizo omkhulu. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwempumelelo ethile, kwakukhona umkhuba ophansi ekukhiqizeni.

Indlela yokuphuma kwenkinga

Iminyaka yama-1950 ibhekwa njengenkathi ephumelela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wezwe. Kwakungaleso sikhathi ukuthi isisekelo sokuqiniswa okulandelayo kwesakhiwo sezomnotho kuzwelonke kuzo zonke izindawo. Eminyakeni ka-1959-65. Kwakukhona inqubo yokuguqula uMordovia evela enkulumeni yezilwane ibe i-republic yezimboni. Ngo-1965, amatekisi angaphezu kuka-12 000 ayebandakanyeka kwezolimo, wonke amapulazi ahlangene ayesebenza. Isivuno sesisindo sembewu sasingamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-700. Kukhona ukuthambekela kokwandisa izinkokhelo. Ngakho-ke, inkokhelo yabasebenzi kanye nezisebenzi yanda ngamaphesenti angu-25, kanye nemali yabalimi abahlangene - cishe izikhathi ezintathu.