I-Rhine Union ka-1806-1813. Umlando, ukuthuthukiswa

Ngesikhathi sezimpi zaseNapoleonic, ibalazwe laseJalimane, njengaseYurophu yonke, lalisulwa kakhulu. Leli zwe alizange lihlanganiswe ngaphansi kwegunya lombuso owodwa. Esikhundleni salokho, amazwe aseJalimane ayenamakhono amaningi, ama-duchies nemibuso. Zonke zaziyingxenye yoMbuso Oyingcwele WamaRoma, kodwa umbusi, owayeyinhloko ngokuyinhloko umbusi wase-Austria, wayengenamandla phezu kwamalungu ayo. U-Napoleon, ebambe iJalimane, wayishintsha ngokuphelele ukulinganisela kwamandla kuwo, ezama ukudala lapho "isimo esihle" esithombeni saseFrance.

Izidingo zokubukeka

U-Austria uBonaparte wayengomunye wabaphikisi abangenakuqhathaniswa kakhulu. I-Habsburgs yayiyingxenye yawo yonke imibumbano ephikisana neFrance, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiwe amabutho abo anqotshwa. U-Napoleon wakha iRhinine Union njengenye indlela eya ohlelweni lukahulumeni lwangaphambili eJalimane. Wayebheka ukuthi uMbuso Ongcwele WaseRoma ukhona nokuthi ubukhulu be-Vienna bubizwa ngokuthi i-atavism engasebenzi.

Ngokokuqala ngqa ngezinhlelo zakhe uBonaparte uthe ngemuva kokunqoba kwamaFrance ngaphezu kwebutho laseRussia-Austrian ngo-1805. Khona-ke, iningi lamanye amazwe aseJalimane athatha izingalo ngokumelene ne-Austria. Iziphathimandla zaseBaden, eHessen-Darmstadt, Württemberg naseBavaria zajoyina uNapoleon. Nakuba bebanqikaza isikhathi eside futhi bengabambisene nabo abangathembeki, umbusi waseFrance wabanika umvuzo ngokukhululekile. Abakhethi baseBavaria naseWürttemberg bathola iziqu zobukhosi. Umbusi waseBaden wenqaba inkazimulo enjalo, eqaphela ukuthi impahla yakhe enesizotha ayidonseli "ukwanda", futhi wahlala noMkhulukazi waseJalimane, kanye noMhlabagrave waseHesse-Darmstadt.

Ama-German allies of Napoleon

Ngaphambi kokuba i-Rhine Union, eqiniswe eNapoleon, idalwe, ama-Allies aqeda ingxenye enkulu yamazwe abo eHabsburgs. I-Württemberg yanelisekile ngokuthola ingxenye yeS Swabia, uBaden wathola iBreisgau namanye amadolobha amaningana. UMbuso waseBavaria uhlanganise i-Augsburg neTyrol.

Inqubo yalokhu kukwabiwa kweJalimane iphelile ngo-1806. Ngalesi sikhathi sokuzibusa, abambalwa abasala mahhala emizini yamahhala ephakathi nendawo-eFrankfurt, e-Augsburg naseNuremberg. Into efanayo yenzeka nge-oda elingokomoya, isibalo, amabhononi kanye namaqhawe angenkosi. Abanikezeli bezindlalifa zabo ezivela emakhaya emikhaya emihle kakhulu yaseJalimane ehloniphekile eyanikeza abaholi bezempi abadumile baseYurophu nabopolitiki. Ngesikhathi edala i-Rhine Union, uNapoleon akazange alahle konke. Abanye baze bathola okuthile okusha emva kokufika kwamaFulentshi. Ngakho umbusi wayezothola abalandeli abaqotho, inhlalakahle yabo manje exhomeke ekupheleni komphathi.

Ukusungulwa

Ngo-July 1806, i-Rhine Union yasungulwa. Ekuqaleni, kwakuhlanganisa izifunda ezingu-16 eningizimu nasentshonalanga yeJalimane, futhi kamuva bajoyina izikhulu ezincane ezingu-23. Amalungu abaluleke kunawo wonke ayengamakhosi aseWürttemberg naseBavaria. Ngokusemthethweni, "ubudlelwane obungunaphakade" babenamalungelo alinganayo kuwo wonke amazwe. Eqinisweni, ukwakheka okusha kwaba yi-satellite yeFrance. UBonaparte akazange anike lutho ngalutho. Ukunika abalandeli bakhe iziqu ezintsha kanye nenkululeko eHabsburgs, wabenza waba yizikhonzi zabo.

Eqinisweni, lo mbuso waba umshini wamasosha omfushane, okudingekayo eFrance, kuyilapho izimpi zaseNapoleonic zaqhubeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngokomthetho, ngokusho kwesicelo sokuqala saseParis, umbusi wayezokwamukela amasosha angu-63 000 amasha aseJalimane alungele ukuvikela izithakazelo zakhe.

I-Counterweight kuya ePrussia

Ngemva kokunqotshwa kwePrussia e-Battle of Jena ngo-Okthoba 1806 kanye nesiphetho soxolo lukaTilsit no-Alexander I ehlobo lika-1807, amazwe amasha ajoyina i-Union. Ensimini yabo, iNapoleon yakha umbuso omusha wase-Westphalian nenhloko-dolobha yayo eKassel. Umbusi wayengumfowabo uJerome Bonaparte. Futhi isihloko sobukhosi kwakunguFriedrich August I waseSaxony. Ngemva kwalokho, inani labantu baseRhinine laba ngabantu abayizigidi ezingu-16, futhi ubukhulu bebutho lakhe babalwa amasosha angu-120 000.

Uma u-Austria esehluliwe kakade, iPrussia yayisamazama ukumelana nomthelela weBonaparte. Izimpi zaseNapoleonic zazamazama kakhulu isikhundla sikaFrederick William III. Ukuze abuse inkosi yasePrussia, umbusi wadala iGugu Duchy yaseBerg nenhloko-dolobha yaseDusseldorf, lapho umkhwenyana wakhe uJoachim Murat wabekwe esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Umbuso waseWestphalia

Ngo-November 1807, kwakhiwa uMbuso waseWestphalia. Njengomkhulu weDuchy of Berg, wadalwa njengesihloko sePrussia. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukaBonaparte kwaba yisinqumo sakhe esinesibindi kunazo zonke eJalimane. Enhliziyweni yamazwe aseJalimane wadalwa umhlaba ongaphansi kombuso waseFrance. UMbuso waseWestphalia awuqinisekisiwe kokubili ngokuqondene nenani labantu nensimu. Kwakuhlanganisa amazwe ahlakazekile ezifundazweni ezahlukene. Kwakukhona ama-enclaves amaningi anezakhamuzi ezahluke ngokuphelele.

Kungani umphakathi waseJalimane ukhuthazelela ngokuzithoba ukuhlolwa nokuthuthukiswa komFulentshi? Abalando-mlando basakakha imibono ehlukahlukene. Inhlakanipho yezempi ethintekile uBonaparte, inhle yakhe emangalisayo. Ngezinqola zakhe wabhubhisa bonke abaphikisi bakhe abangaba khona, abangabangela ukuphikisana nombusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaJalimane asenalo ulwazi olulodwa lwezwe. Izakhamuzi ezinhlobonhlobo ezincane ezahlukene zazinama-akhawunti amaningi komunye nomunye futhi azizange ziqaphele ukudlulisa izikhalazo ezihlangene ukuze ziphikise iNapoleon.

I-brainchild kaBonaparte

I-Rhine Union ka-1806, eyadalwa uNapoleon, yayinezindlela eziningi ukwakheka okwakhiwe. U-Emperor wayefuna ukusungula uhlelo lwakhe lomthethosisekelo ngenkululeko nangamalungelo abantu ngokufana nomthetho waseFrance. Kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukudala uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwenhlangano yonke. Izikhulu ezinkulu ezifana neBavaria azifuni ukulingana nomakhelwane abancane.

Ngo-1812, uNapoleon waya empumalanga eRussia. Yena ngokwakhe wathatha amabutho amaJalimane angcono kakhulu - ibutho lakhe lalihluke kakhulu ebuzweni balo. EJalimane kwakunabantu abambalwa abaqashiwe, ama-veterans nabangasebenzi. AmaJalimane angahle adilize umbuso wangempela waseFrance, kodwa awakwenzi. I-Rhine Union (1806-1813) ingaziqhenya ngokuzola nangokuthembeka, ngisho nalapho umbusi ehlukunyezwa eRussia.

Ukuhlakazeka

Noma kunjalo, isiphetho salesi sakhiwo sasinqunywe ngaphambili. Ngemva kokuba uBonaparte anqotshwe "empini yabantu" eduze naseLeipzig, inyunyana yabhidlika. IJalimane yaphinde yahlukaniswa, futhi imingcele yayo yayinqunywa amandla angaphandle kuCongress of Vienna. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesiJalimane kwasinda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma awuzange uphinde ubuyiselwe.

Kodwa naphezu kokuhluleka kwalolu daba, i-Rhine Union, eyomthethosisekelo eyamukelwa njengesiFulentshi, kwaba yinto ebalulekile. Kamuva, ezinye izivumelwano zamaJalimane zavela eJalimane, futhi zamukela ezinye izici zalesi sidalwa saseNapoleonic.