I izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali amanzi

"Esikhathini okugeza kanye sauna, njalo futhi yonke indawo - inkazimulo yaphakade amanzi!" - lezi zinkondlo UKorney Chukovsky eyaziwa kusukela ebuntwaneni. Amanzi abakhona yonke indawo. Izakhiwo kanye amakhemikhali amanzi ahlukile, futhi lawa akuwona amazwi angasho lutho. Ngaphezu umthelela ezimpilweni zonke izinto eziphilayo ophilayo (sonke akhiwa amanzi), kwemigomo sezulu, izinhlekelele sezulu, izinguquko ebusweni sendawo eMhlabeni ivame ukuhlotshaniswa amanzi. izinguzunga zeqhwa uyeza off phakathi nale minyaka-Ice Age kwakhiwa wabuka eYurophu namuhla. Imisinga kwezilwandle ukuthonya lokushisa kuwo wonke amazwekazi.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amanzi ungaba uketshezi - amanzi uqobo, okuqinile - ice, futhi gaseous isimo - ububi ngentukuthelo. Empeleni lokhu akuyona into engavamile. izakhiwo Special yemvelo neyamakhemikhali yamanzi, ngokungafani ukuziphatha kwezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali, sinomthelela iningi izinqubo ezenzeka Emhlabeni.

Uma sibheka umlando, singabona ethakazelisayo. alchemy Medieval wazama ukwenza igolide ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, futhi zona kanye izindawo izinsimbi njalo uzifunde ngokucophelela, kodwa izakhiwo ezimangalisayo yamanzi amehlo muva.

iminyaka engu-200 edlule abantu babekholelwa ukuthi amanzi siqukethe eyodwa chemical isici, chemical kwakwakhe akuyona i-hydrogen ne-oksijini. Isintu kakade ukwakha iziteshi emifula amandla, amakhanda, imikhumbi, amanzi amandla iye yasetshenziswa izimboni eziningi zokuphila kwansuku zonke, kanye nesakhiwo amanzi ibilokhu wafunda kancane kakhulu. engu-80 kuphela edlule ukuxhumana amanzi isotopic Kuye kwavulwa.

Ake sibheke kabanzi Izakhiwo kanye amakhemikhali amanzi. Ngaphandle elula H2O molecule - hydrologo eyaziwa kulabo emanzini akhiwa digidroli (H2O) 2 futhi trigidroli (H2O) 3. Umehluko phakathi lezi zakhi wukuthi ngamunye wabo iqukethe hhayi owodwa kodwa washo emibili noma emithathu -molecule yamanzi. On isimo amanzi incike inani lezi zakhi kuwo.

Lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ushintsho izinga eshintsha wonke amangqamuzana motion, kungakho ushintsho ibanga phakathi molecule okuqukethwe iphesenti lokubolekwa ezahlukene. Isitimu bahlanganisa ikakhulu kwamanzi, lokhu kungenxa ukunyakaza ngesivinini zishintshe esimweni umusi, okwenza ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo okukhulu kakhulu. Ice okunalokho ikakhulu yakhiwa trigidroli (60%), kungashiwo ukuthi hydrologo nhlobo. Amanzi ngezithako zawo has ngamunye amayunithi, kodwa ubuswa digidroli.

izici Water isakhiwo kakhulu ezithinta kwabantu bayo ezifundeni ezehlukene. Ice ukuminyana esingaphansi kwabantu amanzi. Ngakho-ke, iqhwa livela phezu machibi Emhlabeni. Izakhamuzi ulwandle futhi umfula ekujuleni, hhayi kwi freezer, uwuvikela ungqimba abandayo obukhulu ice.

Amanzi uketshezi jikelele. I njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating uchaza ikhono iyiphi into ukuncibilikisa, ngakho amanzi lesi silinganiso izikhathi eziningana kunakunoma a cleaner, ingasaphathwa emoyeni. Amanzi e injalo elicwengekileyo ayitholakali nemvelo, olwandle kakade yathola ngaphezulu kuka-80 uxhumano yamanzi oluxube ezahlukene ohlelweni gqwa. Ngakho-ke, amanzi + ngampela ingu-isisekelo ukuphila kule planethi yethu.

Ngokuvamile, kunenkolelo ukuthi solubility - is a impahla amanzi, ngenxa okuyinto thina ke ukuwasela. Solubility kuyasiza ngokushesha ukuhlukana emzimbeni imfucuza kanye izinto ezibuye futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwenza ukuba ngikukhulule ezidingekayo izitho ezihlukahlukene.

Kodwa kulokhu elingiqaphayo mayelana umthamo ukushisa. Iqiniso lokuthi ephansi ukushisa yamanzi ewela izinga lokushisa at 37 degrees Celsius. Futhi okungenani othize ukushisa energy ukusetshenziswa ukuze izinguquko sakugcina, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa iyona eyisisekelo izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele bese indoda. Lezi izindawo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali amanzi nomthelela ezimpilweni wonke umuntu. Uma umzimba akuyona amanzi anele, lesosikhathi lendoda iqala ubuvila, angase azizwe isiyezi, izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni kubambezela. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kwanele ukuphuza ingilazi yamanzi waphinda uzizwe shape.