I izakhiwo rheological kwegazi - kuyini?

Mechanics, etadisha ukusonteka futhi ukugeleza izici continuum Okuyınqo, omunye abameleli okuyinto - uketshezi non-Newton kokuba viscosity kwesakhiwo, rheology kuphuma. Kulesi sihloko sibheka lezi izakhiwo rheological kwegazi. Ukuthi kuyini, kuyokhanya.

definition

Ukudla okuvamile non-Newton uketshezi - igazi. Plasma ibizwa ngokuthi, uma akububonisi izakhi ifomu. Blood serum kuyinto plasma, okuyinto engenakho fibrinogen.

Hemorheology noma rheology, mechanical ukuhlola amaphethini, ikakhulukazi njengoba ushintsho fizkolloidnye kwegazi izakhiwo, aphenduka ngejubane elingafani futhi ezigabeni ezahlukene bomkhumbi embhedeni. Amandla ayo, isimo ukusebenza egazini, ikhono contractile wenhliziyo inquma ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni. Lapho Isivinini komugqa ukugeleza incane, izinhlayiya igazi nazo ezilahlekelwe parallel eksisi bomkhumbi nomunye. Kulokhu, ubunjalo egqinsiwe ukugeleza futhi ukugeleza libizwa laminar. Ngakho yiziphi izakhiwo rheological? Kule - ku.

Kuyini Reynolds Inombolo?

Endabeni okwandisa Isivinini komugqa futhi esingeqile inani elithile, elahlukile zonke izinto, laminar ukugeleza uyoba vortex, ngokungafanele ngokuthi zeziyaluyalu. Ijubane inguqulelo laminar ligeleze zeziyaluyalu inquma inani Reynolds lomkhumbi igazi akha cishe 1160. Ngokusho Reynolds izinombolo omawala kungaba kuphela ezindaweni lapho imikhumbi emikhulu ekhelini, kanye le-aorta. Ukuze imikhumbi eminingi laminar uhamba uketshezi.

Ijubane nokucindezeleka phuca

Akukhona nje ivolumu kanye lwento ukugeleza kwegazi Isivinini ibalulekile, neminye imingcele ezimbili ezibalulekile njani ukuhamba ukuze isitsha: the velocity nokucindezeleka phuca. Libhekene voltage ukuguquguquka amandla uthatha isinyathelo semithambo ebusweni iyunithi ohlangothini tangential kwamanzi, ulinganiswa Pascals noma dynes / cm ^2. Izinga phuca kukalwa ngemizuzwana ephambene (s-1), futhi kusho ubukhulu bale umyela Isivinini phakathi laphakathi zifana kuya uketshezi ezihambayo per unit ibanga elibahlukanisile.

On lokho imingcele bathembele izakhiwo rheological?

Isilinganiso ukucindezeleka ukuze ukale phuca inquma viscosity kwegazi, ulinganiswa mPas. Ngo lonke viscosity uketshezi incike phuca izinga uhla 0.1-120 ^s-1. Uma izinga phuca> ^{s-1 100,} ushintsho viscosity akuyona evelele kangaka, futhi lafinyelela isilinganiso phuca ^s-1 200 cishe zinjalo. Inani kulinganiswa ngesilinganiso okusezingeni eliphezulu phuca, ebizwa ngokuthi asymptotic. Izinto oyinhloko ezithinta viscosity - izakhi iseli deformability, hematocrit futhi uquqaba. Futhi uma ucabangela iqiniso lokuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kuqhathaniswa nama-platelet ne-leukocyte okuningi bona ikakhulu ukucacisa amangqamuzana abomvu. Lokhu kubonakala izakhiwo rheological kwegazi.

viscosity izici

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni viscosity - emakamu ivolumu kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ivolumu yabo isilinganiso kanye nokuqukethwe, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hematocrit. Kuyinto cishe 0.4-0.5 l / l kanye kunqunywa centrifugation amasampuli igazi. A-plasma - uketshezi Newton, viscosity zazo inquma isakhiwo amaprotheni, futhi incike lokushisa. Viscosity esiphawuleka kunazo umphumela globulin futhi fibrinogen. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi isici esibaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi kuholela ushintsho plasma viscosity - iyona isilinganiso amaprotheni: albumin / fibrinogen albumin / globulin. ukulinganiswa Ukwandiswa kwenzeka uma kunqunywa ukuziphatha okungahambisani Newton ka lonke igazi, kwaphumela erythrocyte wokuhlanganisa. Bokuphila erythrocyte wokuhlanganisa kuyinqubo emuva. Yilokho-ke kuyinto - sezindawo rheological kwegazi.

Ezemfundo erythrocyte lokubolekwa kuxhomeke ezicini mechanical, hemodynamic, electrostatic, plasma nabanye. Namuhla, kunezindawo eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziningana ezichaza indlela ye-erythrocyte wokuhlanganisa. eyaziwa Kuhle namuhla ekuvaleni imfundiso yokuziphendukela mshini lapho amabhuloho wamaprotheni krupnomolekulyarnyh, fibrinogen Y-globulin kuthiwa adsorbed phezu kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Amandla net wokuhlanganisa - umehluko phakathi amandla phuca (kubangela disaggregation), ungqimba erythrocyte umuzwa wokwenyanya electrostatic, okuyinto omubi icala, amandla e-amabhuloho. Mshini obhekene nenkanuko edlulele ka macromolecules omubi icala elibomvu egazi, okungukuthi, Y-globulin, fibrinogen akakabi acace impela. Sikhona umbono ukuthi amangqamuzana banamathele sibonga ukuhlakaza amandla UVan der Waals amabutho, futhi ebuthaka hydrogen izibopho.

Lolo sizo ukuhlola izindawo rheological kwegazi?

Ngesizathu esithile, kukhona ukulinganiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu?

Incazelo wokuhlanganisa platelet futhi akhawunti Ukuwohloka, ukuntuleka amaprotheni ephezulu yamangqamuzana eduze erythrocyte, ngakhoke ingcindezi ukuphendula livela, efanayo zendalo ukuze ingcindezi osmotic yesixazululo macromolecular, okuholela tekuhlangana izinhlayiya imisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inkolelo yokuthi lebhokisi wokuhlanganisa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kusuka erythrocyte izici okuholela ekuncipheni ngokuhlukumeza okunamandla Zeta futhi ushintsho umzimba shape kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

Ngenxa ubuhlobo viscosity futhi erythrocyte wokuhlanganisa nelikhono lekuhlola igazi rheology futhi ikakhulukazi ukuhamba lezitsha zalo, kudingeka aqhube zihlolisisa idatha ukusebenza. Eyodwa yezindlela ezivamile futhi lutholakale kalula sokulinganisa wokuhlanganisa - ukuhlolwa erythrocyte sedimentation izinga. Nokho, inguqulo ezivamile isivivinyo, ukwaziswa okuncane, ngoba engenzi acabangele izici rheological.

izindlela zokulinganisa

Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa wegazi izici rheological futhi izici ezibathintayo, singaphetha ngokuthi ukuhlolwa izakhiwo rheological kwegazi kuthinta isimo uquqaba. Namuhla, abacwaningi balalela ngaphezulu ekutadisheni izakhiwo microrheological yalesi uketshezi, kodwa futhi ukuhlobana futhi viscometry ithemba. izindlela Basic sokulinganisa izakhiwo igazi zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: emkhakheni ukucindezeleka kanye uhlobo eyohlobo - konusploskost, isiyingi, cylindrical nezinye rheometers kokuba amajiyomethri ezahlukene ezinye izingxenye zemoto; nge zamagciwane ensimini futhi igcizelela kuqhathaniswa inhomogeneous - isimiso yokubhaliswa acoustic, ugesi, kunyakaza mechanical, amadivayisi bahlinza Stokes indlela, viscometers capillary. Ngakho kulinganiswa izakhiwo rheological kwegazi, uketshezi olungenambala olusegazini futhi serum.

Izinhlobo ezimbili viscometers

I obanzi kunayo okwamanje ngokuvamile yayiba nezinhlobo ezimbili viscometers: ukujikeleza futhi capillary. Viscometers nazo asetshenziswa, uMbhalo wangaphakathi lapho zintanta oketshezini ihlolwa. Thina amatasa ukulungiswa ahlukahlukene rheometer ukujikeleza.

isiphetho

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo ubuchwepheshe rheological nje kusenza sikwazi ukufunda izakhiwo kwamakhemikhali kanye biophysical wegazi ukusebenzisa mikroregulyatsiey e umzimba neziyaluyalu hemodynamic. Noma kunjalo, zamanje okwamanje ekuthuthukiseni izindlela sokuba ukuhlaziywa hemorheology, okwakuyoholela elibanzi libonise wokuhlanganisa futhi izakhiwo rheological eziwuketshezi Newton.