I-Jewish Autonomous Region. Capital, ikhadi, isithombe

Meyi 7, 1934 Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu Central Executive Committee, okwadala Jewish Autonomous Region. isimo sakhe samukelwa Birobidzhan esifundeni.

Indaba

indawo Priamurja kusukela ezikhathini lalihlala izizwe ezimele ukuthi babe ngamaqembu amancane. Lawa kwakungamadodana Tungus, Daur futhi duchers. abantu Russian eqala ukuhlola la mazwe kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo ngekhulu le-17. Umfutho lokhu kwaba umkhankaso Vasiliya Poyarkova, okwenzeka ngo-Juni 1644 ithonya Russian e lase-Amur esifundeni lwaqinisa Erofey Khabarov. Ngemva nomkhankaso wakhe, la mazwe kancane kancane ngokujoyina isimo Russian.

Ngemva inguquko ka-1917 uhulumeni omusha isinqumo ukuheha umphakathi wamaJuda ukuze umsebenzi wokudala futhi waqala ukufuna indawo ohlala kwakhe. nabaholi baseSoviet wayecebe uhlelo lapho Jewish Autonomous Region kwadingeka ukudaleka. Lesi sinqumo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwadingeka isici zezombusazwe. Ukudalwa enjalo esifundeni ezizimele kwaba yokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bethu eNtshonalanga, ngaleso sikhathi akazange aqaphele isimo abasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa zaseMpumalanga Ekude wase-USSR kwakudingekile, okuyinto sina zisongelwa yisona kanye lesi-Japanese.

Isinqumo ukukhokhela amaJuda Amur Region indawo evulekile sathathwa 28/03/1928 le-CEC KaHulumeni. 20.08.1930 wegunya efanayo Soviet wakhipha isinqumo ukwakheka Birobidzhan wesifunda, oyingxenye ye esifundeni Far Eastern. Maphakathi kule yunithi zokuphatha kwaba esiteshini Tikhonkaya. Ngo-1931 kwathiwa kabusha Birobidzhan zokuhlala. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, isimo wesifunda lishintshiwe. On insimu yalo WamaJuda Autonomous Region yasungulwa. Legislatively fixed ukuthi isinqumo 7 Meyi 1934 Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

geography

I-Jewish Autonomous Region itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu Ekude Eastern ezindaweni Russian. Ngokwengxenye yayo entshonalanga ke eyakhelene lase-Amur Region, futhi empumalanga - ne eKhabarovsk Territory. Umngcele oseningizimu esifundeni Jewish ezizimele kuvumelana emngceleni waseRussia. It uyagijima egudle uMfula Amur, okungafanele ezweni China.

ukuzimela Jewish ine indawo ayizinkulungwane 36,3 amakhilomitha square. On 01.01.2015, ensimini ka Kubantu bakhona abangaphezu ayizinkulungwane 168. Izakhamuzi. Birobidzhan muzi isikhungo lesifunda yasesiFundeni.

laseKhanani

Ukuzimela asanda kusungulwa kuyoba yokuthi imvuselelo zensimu inkosi emaJudeni. Ukuvela esifundeni kuye kwaholela ukusebenza ukuthutheleka wezifiki abavela kwamanye amazwe. sokuhlala kwakhe unomphela eliseMpumalanga Ekude oyikhethile abantu abangaba yikhulu eziyisikhombisa kusukela eLithuania nase-Argentina, Latvia, eFrance, eBelgium, eJalimane, ePoland, Palestine nase-United States.

Konke lokhu kusikisela ukuthi isinqumo uhulumeni wamaSoviet wabalekisela ngempela impendulo eshubile emphakathini wamaJuda. Lokhu akusona isimanga. Abantu ukubhekakade bajabula ahlinzekwe ngayo insimu yayo nendlela yokuziphilisa kuso usesimweni wekuba sive.

indawo

City Birobidzhan ngakho igama sonorous etholakele amagama kwemifula emibili wendawo egeleza eziseduze - Bira futhi Bijan. On ogwini yangaphambili, futhi waphakanyiselwa maphakathi elalisanda kwakhiwa isifunda ezizimele. Birobidzhan kumephu zingatholakala empumalanga Bijan River. It uyagijima Bireh kuqondane and itholakala amakhilomitha angamakhulu kusuka edolobheni. Kuthiwa le mifula emibili iyangena Amur anamandla.

Birobidzhan kumephu Russia ingenye iziteshi sesitimela Trans-Siberian. It libhekene ukusondela komngcele China (zonke amakhilomitha 75).

Izikhangibavakashi EAO inhlokodolobha

Main Street Birobidzhan yaqanjwa Sholom Aleichem. Ensimini ka epaki kuba isikhumbuzo umlobi odumile abangamaJuda. Lokhu zethusi sibalo dvuhmetrovaya Shalom Aleikhem (Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich) itholakala ku-base itshe. Adorn lesikhumbuzo zethusi bas-imifanekiso esibonisa izigcawu kusuka umbhali echazwe ukuphila abantu bamaJuda.

Budebuduze lesikhumbuzo iyona Museum Regional, ogama ziphephile kukhona ubuciko yesimanje. Ngo emagcekeni kulesi sikhungo ungajabulela imidwebo ngabaculi wesimanje, kwabhalwa ngale ndaba ka ngokuthi iTestamente Elidala. Kuze kube manje, leli qoqo liqukethe kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili izingcezu izitayela ezahlukene, abalobi abaculi izifunda eziningana Russia.

Inhloko-dolobha ye-Jewish Autonomous District inikeza izivakashi kanye izakhamuzi zedolobha ukujabulela umsebenzi ithimba lokudala yesifunda umphakathi Philharmonic. Kulesi sikhungo yobuciko namasiko WamaJuda Autonomous Region waqalisa amaphrojekthi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu okudala ukuthi ihlanganise abaculi ayisithupha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.

Ukwakhiwa Philharmonic Isakhiwo saphela ngo-1984 futhi namuhla enkulu ekhonsathini ihholo ubumnandi ukuvakashela izibukeli anamakhulu asixhenxe. izimo ukhululekile ukusebenza zidalwe zamaqembu zokudala. Enginakho ukubuyekeza kanye namahhovisi, sigqoka amakamelo, lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu umsindo, ukukhanya isiqophi uhlelo kwelivi isakhiwo.

Lesifunda Philharmonic imikhosi namasiko bamaJuda kanye Slavic. Woza lapha lizobona soloists abadumile Russian kanye angaphandle kanye namaqembu okhokhelwayo.

Omunye ezikhangayo yamasiko Birobidzhan iyona Museum yesiFunda. Kungenzeka yazi nge umlando yokuzimela yamaJuda, eyabonakala eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi nombuso wakwa-Israyeli. Esikhathini amahholo embukisweni kukhona izinto futhi imibhalo sibonakalisa umlando ukuvela nokuthuthukisa umuzi. Iphinde eqoqwe ubufakazi yezimpumelelo kwamasiko kanye nezomnotho, okuyinto uqhosha District. Museum itholakala eduze esinagogeni Lenin Street.

Izivakashi angahlola Birobidzhan nebandla itshe lokuqala, elakhiwa ngo-esifundeni. It Cathedral Annunciation, eyaqedwa ngo-2004 ukwakhiwa

Awesome imvelo ejensi bangaziqhayisa Jewish Autonomous Region. Birobidzhan inikeza izivakashi kanye izakhamuzi zedolobha ukuvakashela Arboretum. On indawo enkulu 19 amahektha kutshalwa iqoqo olukhethekile izitshalo. Lo msebenzi omkhulu wenziwa ukuze ikhulise izinsiza isitshalo esifundeni, kanye ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yomnotho, ezemfundo, ezemfundo kanye ngokwesayensi. Lokhu siqiwu kufanele uyaziqhenya WamaJuda Autonomous Region. ibalazwe endaweni kubonisa ukuthi indawo ye okuxubile amahlathi coniferous-lezihlahla. Yingakho ezihlukahlukene izihlahla zimila Arboretum. Kukhona futhi nezihlahla. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, njalo ngonyaka kuleli paki wenza kokufika umsedari izithombo, * nomthidari, sonwele.

Ukuze izivakashi kule eliyingqayizivele endaweni hambo, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ungabona inombolo enkulu zemithi. Special emizileni umzila amanga entabeni, alinikela ukubukwa okumangalisayo lamagquma Uldury, Bastak, noShuwa-pokto. Kanye imingcele kwepaki kukhona emachibini amancane. izakhamuzi zabo ziyisiliva ezingenamgogodla encane, amaxoxo kanye intulo eMpumalanga Ekude laseSiberia.

Ngo Birobidzhan uhlu ezikhangayo futhi:

- Lenin wakha isikhumbuzo phambi isakhiwo lapho itholakala uHulumeni wesiFundazwe;
- Itshe kwakhiwa esangweni lomuzi, lapho kukhona izimpawu kokubili Yiddish Russian futhi;
- isikhumbuzo yokudumisa amaphayona bamaJuda kuqala on esigcawini phambi esiteshini;

- umthombo nge menorah samaJuda;
- isikhumbuzo nge ilangabi okuphakade inkumbulo zalabo abahlala abafa ngesikhathi salezi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe;
- Chapel Orthodox eyayibusa Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, elakhiwa ngo epaki Ukunqoba;
- EC-3 ithangi, laya ngokuya likhula njengoba isikhumbuzo ngo-2005;.
- esinagogeni;
- Sculpture violin bamaJuda kanye Itshe ne Muses ngesikhathi Philharmonic;
- Church of Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, ezenziwe ngokhuni e 1998-99.

izoni yesikhathi

Ngenxa yokuthi eliseMpumalanga Ekude, e-ibanga elithileko kusuka inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia kuyinto esifundeni Jewish ezizimele, ngenkathi kugudlukela ngenhlonipho eMoscow 7 ekuseni. Lokhu indawo nesikhathi kwamazinga amazwe ngamazwe ukubizwa ngokuthi VLAT / VLAST (Vladivostok Isikhathi sendawo). Mayelana Greenwich Ngalesi sikhathi kuyinto shift amahora 11.

Isimo sezulu

I-Jewish Autonomous Region itholakala endaweni ubuswa ebusika ezomile futhi kubanda, kanye ehlobo elina ashisayo. Kuyinto indawo ye esipholile yezimvula sezulu zone. Ngu izimo zayo zemvelo EAO ingenye izindawo ezikahle kakhulu eMpumalanga Ekude. Izici sezulu esishintshashintshayo ukudala izimo esihle lapha zokuthuthukiswa herbal and ihlathi nezitshalo izitshalo yezolimo.

sezulu Okuningi ezinzima zensimu enyakatho yesifunda lihlukile. Nazi ezinye izindawo eyiqhwa. Eningizimu, izimo zemvelo maningi esihle ekuphileni.

Amazinga isilinganiso endaweni Januwari EAO zokhahlamba kusuka 21 kuya 26 degrees Celsius. Ngo-July, umoya eliwu 18-21 degrees. Inombolo emaphakathi Outliers endaweni kwezulu ngonyaka zokhahlamba kusuka 500 kuya ku-800 mm.

isiko

Jewish Autonomous Region (i-Far Eastern Federal District) has twist yaso ehlukile. Nansi indawo enothe kunazo zoke Amur sifunda evundile sokuthuthukiswa ezobuciko namasiko. Kuyinto omdala samaJuda. Autonomous Region eliseMpumalanga Ekude studio etemibhalo. Ngemizamo amalungu aso yashicilelwa anthologies ezifana "Birobidzhan" futhi "Outpost".

Phakathi izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu namasiko esifundeni - ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane koMbuso WamaJuda Theatre. Ngo-1970, wavula ngo Birobidzhan Jewish Chamber Musical Theatre. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ukusebenza yakhe waqala sokujabulisa izethameli nge netiyetha upopayi kanye Ensemble of violinists.

kwemithombo yemvelo

Enyakatho esifundeni Jewish ezizimele, kanye ingxenye enyakatho ntshonalanga lamagquma zitholakala Pompeevskogo, Sutarskoye, Lesser Hinggan futhi iqhubezela Bureya yokhalo. Hills endaweni WamaJuda Autonomous Region, ku amagquma ayo aseningizimu ezembethe amahlathi lezihlahla. Ngecala langasentla lala magquma ukutjala imithi ikakhulukazi coniferous. Kulezi izingxenye zingatholakala Honeysuckle futhi umvini zasendle, kanye ziyadliwa Manchurian. Sikhula lapha ngisho ukhokho.

On the indawo yamaJuda Autonomous Region unendawo avikelwe ngokukhethekile. Lena amahektha angaphezu kuka enamandla eyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu ne inqolobane, umndeni reserves, cishe emithathu kweshumi izikhumbuzo zemvelo.

Amazing ebuhleni bayo isitshalo kungabonwa emaphethelweni emizimbeni kwamanzi. Ehlobo blooms Komarov lotus. omkhulu bayo, entendeni kwengane, amnyama pink amacembe kuhlobisa amanzi.

I ekhethekile isakhiwo Geological zensimu WamaJuda Autonomous Region ikuvumela ukuba wenze izibikezelo mayelana nokuthola lapha lamafutha igolide ore, igesi kanye rock phosphate, Ornamental futhi ebhekene amatshe, platinum kanye amadayimane. Okwamanje, kukhona ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo zensimbi ore manganese, talc futhi Magnesite, Peat futhi ansundu, fresh futhi Thermo-amaminerali amanzi kwezokwelapha.

division zokuphatha

Ephakeme KaHulumeni woMkhandlu Ephakeme Ukulungiswa yayo, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1991, waqokwa Jewish Autonomous Region kusukela eKhabarovsk Territory, okwenza kube yinhlangano ezimele. Ngo-2006, izinguquko kamasipala olandelayo kwenziwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ezifundeni ezinhlanu lahlukaniswa laba Jewish Autonomous District. Amadolobha amaningi e-ezimbalwa jar. bobabili kuphela. It Birobidzhan, Birobidzhan kuyinto maphakathi wesifunda, kanye zishiswe (Obluchensky wesifunda). Izikhungo of the nezinye izindawo ezintathu kukhona emizaneni nasemadolobheni. Uhlu lala mafu indawo ngezansi:
- Leninsky wesifunda - maphakathi edolobhaneni Lenin;
- Oktyabrsky wesifunda - maphakathi Amurzet emzaneni;
- Smidovichsky wesifunda - maphakathi nalesi sigodi Smidovich.

amathemba esikhathi esizayo

Kusukela 1990 ngesimo emkhakheni wahambisana izingxoxo eshubile. Lokhu kwaba yinkathi lapho amaJuda kwa-Israel ngobuningi. Umphumela waba nombono wokugoqa WamaJuda Autonomous Region, kanye okungalungile ukhona esikhathini esizayo.

Kuze kube manje, lo msebenzi akhiwa kokujoyina Jewish Autonomous Region ku eKhabarovsk Territory, kanye isiphakamiso ukufakwa Amur esifundeni lapho kumiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa lase-Amur esifundeni.