Library - kuyini? Yiziphi izinhlobo imitapo khona?

Biblion (. Gr) - ibhuku, tech (Gr.) - USB. Library - kuyini? Isikhala sokulondoloza izincwadi, imibhalo, ulwazi zasemoyeni ukusetshenziswa lesiyenta sisodvwa nobe embikwebantfu.

indaba

East wasendulo lapho kwazalelwa khona imitapo kuqala. Edolobheni waseBabiloni eNippur ethempelini wathola iqoqo izibhebhe zobumba, sangomhla 2500 ngonyaka BC. e. Ithuna eduze eThebes wathola ibhokisi lebungu. Kulesi sikhathi lapho Ramses okusha Kingdom babe yizinkulungwane 20. Papyrus. Izibhebhe inkosi yase-Asiriya kubhekwa edume kakhulu umtapo Oriental lasendulo eNineve.

Maphakathi lezincwadi futhi papyrus yasendulo kubhekwe Library of Alexandria. Kwaba ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuqeqeshwa, esasihlanganisa indawo yokulala, amakamelo cwaningo, ukufunda, ukudla. Yakhiwe ngu- lukaPtolemy. Lalihlanganisa ayizinkulungwane 200. Amakhophi lokufunda 700 imibhalo ayizinkulungwane. School. Ngomlilo ngonyaka 270 BC. e.

Zonke onalo yezincwadi zasendulo wawugcinwa emathempelini. Kanye Ephakathi, umtapo kwaba kuphela zezindela. Kukhona ekhethekile imibhalo ezindlini ezomile ikopishwe kanye nemibhalo yoFata omkhulu weSonto. Kopisha kufanele imibhalo yesandla futhi lasendulo, Latin futhi imibhalo yesiGreki, eyawela ezandleni izindela. Incwadi ukubaluleka yayiphezulu ukuze ngisho eboshelwe izindonga emashalofini, ukugwema ukweba.

Lubhalomagama lakhiwe nge kokusungulwa kwemishini yokunyathelisa, futhi kwaba inkathi entsha emlandweni imitapo. Ukutholakala kolwazi, futhi izindleko ezinengqondo nezincwadi zesayensi yathonya ukuthuthukiswa isiko, imfundo ukwazi sonke isintu.

izinhlobo imitapo

• State.
• KaMasipala.
• Siqu.
• Ibhajethi.
• Private.
• Ukuqeqeshwa.

izinhlobo Komphakathi:

• Isivakashi.
• Baby.
• University.
• Umkhakha: yezokwelapha, yezobuchwepheshe, ezolimo.
• Kulabo abayizimpumputhe.
• Youth.
• Zezemfundo.

National Library Yini lokhu? Isitoreji kulo cindezela wezwe. abamemezeli Esemthethweni kudingeka ukuthi unikeze ingobo yomlando amakhophi ambalwa imikhiqizo yabo. Akuzona kuphela izincwadi, kodwa futhi memos, amaphephandaba, omagazini.

umsebenzi

inkonzo umfundi nokunikeza izincwadi zokufunda noma imfundo eyengeziwe. Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili nokuxhumana namakhasimende:

1. Ukukhishwa nomagazini ukubhala izandla zakho (ikhaya) isikhathi esithile.
2. Ukunikeza ithuba lokufunda incwadi egunjini ekufundeni.

impahla Okuningi izothandwa ukwinkundla yomphakathi, kanye isivakashi Ungakhetha ngaphandle kosizo a yezincwadi. Ezinye izindaba zika-izitaki elondolozwe ku izincwadi ezikhishwe ngesicelo. On the Ezehlakalweni ezingakajayeleki kakhulu izincwadi ezilimele noma equkethe izimfihlo isimo, kufanele uthole imvume ekhethekile.

Bookmobile lokho? Incwadi RV Depository? Ezindaweni akude lapho wendawo umtapo olungaphelele noma akukho nhlobo, eshiya ibhasi izincwadi athandwayo. Lena zakudala kubafundi noma amanoveli yesimanje. It has umsebenzi ngokuthatha oda kusukela abafundi.

"Uma ngenxa nenhlekelele yembulunga yonke Emhlabeni kuyodingeka akekho omunye ngaphandle imitapo ukukhetha, umuntu ke kungenziwa savuka," - wabhala Dmitry Likhachev.

Library. Yiziphi izinhlobo imitapo

Umahluko omkhulu imitapo - kuyinto ivolumu yesikhwama (Inani lezincwadi), inhloso, isabelomali kanye obaluleke kakhulu ezweni. It kuncike ngezimali kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, izinga isitoreji kanye nekhono ukukhonza sabantu ngokugcwele. Kanye ezintsha ulwazi.

Ukuze abafundi isevisi kwaba kusheshe kakhudlwana umsebenzi lwemibhalo umtapo uhlelo esetshenziswa. Leli khadi, okuyizinto Imininingwane amayunithi. Eziqukethwe alfabhethi we abalobi bencwadi ethi ngesihloko, Amazwibela kanye ukukhululwa ngonyaka.

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-amakhabethe amafayela: ukusetshenziswa manual ku zobuchwepheshe. E-ifayela kuyinto aphumelela kakhudlwana naye ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uthole ulwazi oludingekayo, kuba isikhathi eside futhi akuthathi isikhala kakhulu kukhompyutha yakho. Kodwa umtapo ngamunye has ithuba ukuthenga imishini computer mayelana ngezimali ezincane.

umtapo Wezingane

Kuyini umtapo yezingane? Leli chibi isitoreji siqukethe izincwadi labafundi kunabo bonke, kanye nezincwadi, Kunconywa esikoleni futhi ukufunda yangemva. Kuyinto izindaba zakudala nezanamuhla futhi amanoveli izingane, izilwane, inganekwane sokuthuthukiswa emcabangweni.

Uyini wezincwadi wesikole futhi ihluke kanjani enganeni? Umehluko ngokuyinhloko ekusekeleni ngezimali. Uma izitaki zezingane kukhona ejensi idolobha nokuthola imali ekuthuthukiseni isimo, kwakhiwa isikole Isikhwama Umtapo ngenxa isabelomali esikoleni. Ngaphezu izincwadi kwezobuciko futhi ezemfundo, ziqukethe izincwadi methodological othisha.

umtapo Digital

Uyini umtapo digital? Lezi imibhalo (izincwadi, omagazini, amaphephandaba) ngendlela ngesakhiwo digital, okuyinto ahlelwe iqoqo ehlelekile. Inama zokucinga lokuzula. Lokhu kungaba indawo web wengeze njalo umbhalo kokubili kwezobuciko nesayensi. Isikhwama kungafaka phakathi kwabezindaba, oludonsa ngokwazo futhi ziphoqa abasebenzisi.

Kuyini umtapo online (noma ngogesi) kanye nezinzuzo main:

• Imininingwane esiphezulu etholakalayo;
• ekulondolozweni zamagugu kuzwelonke;
• ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu ekufundeni, self-ucwaningo, kanye nomsebenzi.

Amaphrojekthi lokuqala imitapo digital uvele 90 zokuqala. ukweseka uhulumeni kanye nezimali, cishe ayikho. Kodwa amaphrojekthi yimpumelelo futhi ethandwa zisekelwa Russian Foundation for Basic Ucwaningo Foundation for Humanities.

Ukuthandwa imitapo inthanethi banda zonke izinsuku, amawebhusayithi lapho kuhilela ukudayiswa, exchange, noma umane Imininingwane ukuhlinzeka, ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane kulezizinsuku.

umtapo yesimanje

Kule nkathi yobuchwepheshe bama-electronic umsebenzisi yesimanje idinga ngempumelelo nokuhlinzekwa kolwazi. umtapo Russian yesimanje namhlanje ivela. Nakuba imodeli isivele athuthukile emkhakheni kokusebenza linazo izinkinga siqu. Ngokuyinhloko le mali.

I "umtapo imodeli" - kuyini? Lokhu model of Igumbi yesimanje kolwazi ayezosetshenziswa umphakathi. Standard sivunyelwe ngalesi lesithupha inkomfa yonyaka we-Russian Library Association ku Meyi 2001. Injongo: Ukunikeza umsebenzisi nanoma yiluphi ulwazi oluceliwe. Umuzwa wokuqala ikhiqizwa imitapo zasemakhaya Pskov esifundeni.

izindlela Isondlo: ukuphrinta, isiqophi nangezinto eziqoshiwe, imidwebo, izinhlelo. Dlulisela nge ukuvakashelwa siqu, noma ku-inthanethi. Izinhloso: ukushintsha ngenxa izinga lempilo engcono izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya, ukuthuthukiswa, izidingo ezintsha wesimanje bokusungula, lula lithathelwe ijubane kuyashesha wokuphila, usesho lomsebenzi usizo noma umsebenzi ezengeziwe, ukulwa amazinga ongaphakeme ephilayo, yokufuna ulwazi.

Imigomo ukudalwa imitapo yesimanje zingenzeka uma:

• abasebenzi zokudala;
• ukusekelwa kohulumeni basekhaya;
• ukutholakala izindawo kanye nemishini;
• ingqalasizinda asethuthukile.

Uyini umtapo zanamuhla? Lo mqondo kunencazelo ebanzi. Ngokuyinhloko athobele isifiso amazwe athuthukile. Ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo, kumelwe nawe kabusha yonke imisebenzi. Okuzenzakalelayo-information processing, ukunikeza izinsiza abezindaba electronic.

Izidingo Eziyisisekelo okwesikhathi umtapo yesimanje

Izidingo eziyisisekelo zihlanganisa ukufinyeleleka esiphezulu sabantu. Ngaphakathi endaweni engaba amakhilomitha 3 (noma imizuzu engu-20 ukuhamba ibanga) ube umtapo noma igatsha. ke kumelwe futhi umsebenzisi indawo friendly, ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo zabahamba ngezinyawo noma emhlabeni izitobhi ezokuthutha zomphakathi.

Umtapo kufanele kube ahlukene isitoreji futhi waphawula lokushisa sezulu (umswakama) izindlela. Area okungenani 80-110 sq. m A isethi ephelele imishini. amatafula, izihlalo, emashalofini, imishini yezobuchwepheshe. Ukuvikelwa Fire - okungenani 1 mlilo phezu 40-50 square metres. th phansi, egumbini ngalinye. Kanye-alamu umlilo.