I-mycologist: yini ephulukisayo nokuthi ungayithola kanjani ekamelweni?

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi odokotela banomsebenzi omncane: omunye umuntu ohlinzayo ophezulu noma odokotela bamazinyo, futhi omunye anganikeza usizo olufanelekayo lwezokwelapha noma lwengqondo. Futhi kubonakala sengathi konke kucacile: kuyabuhlungu indlebe noma umphimbo - sibhalela ekwamukelwa ku-otolaryngologist, amazinyo ayaphazamisa - siya kudokotela wamazinyo. Futhi yiziphi izikhalo abaza kuzo kudokotela-mycologist?

Ngubani lo?

I-Mycologist isazi sephrofayli esincane kakhulu esibhekene nokuxilongwa, kanye nokwelashwa okulandelayo okwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwesikhumba, izinwele, izipikili nezinye izinhlelo kanye nezitho.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko walona udokotela ukuveza izimbangela zesifo, ukuqokwa kwelashwa (cishe njalo ukwelashwa kuyaxilongwa) futhi kuvimbele ukuphindaphinda kwesifo (okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphindaphinda kwesifo).

Njengomthetho, ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, i-mycologist yesikhathi esizayo ithola ulwazi olubanzi - i-dermatologist. Ukuba khona kwalesi sici kusiza udokotela ukuba ahlukanise izifo ezithathelwanayo ezivela kwezinye izifo zesikhumba kanye nezinambuzane ezifakwe emanzini.

I-Mycology i ...

Uma i-mycologist igxile ekwelapheni izifo ezithathelwanayo, isayensi ye-mycology, ngokulandelana, iqondene nokutadisha isikhunta. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesayensi, ukusatshalaliswa kwefungi emvelweni, isakhiwo sabo kanye ne-morphology, izakhiwo (i-genetic ne-biochemical), kanye nesicelo sabo ngokusebenza, ziphenywa.

Inendima ekhethekile inikezwa ekuhloleni kokulimala kwala ma microorganisms, okubhekiswe kubantu nasezilwaneni ngokubonakala kwamagciwane (okungukuthi, izifo ezibangela), imilayezo ye-mycogenic.

Kuyinto yokucabangela uhlangothi olubi nolunzima lwesikhunta olusiza ukukhomba nokuvimbela ukubukeka kwezifo eziningi nezifo ezinjalo.

Umlando omncane

Izinto ezisemqoka ze-mycology zahlelwa emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwamakhowe kungokwesazi sefilosofi u-Aristotle.

I-Mycology yasakazeka kabanzi njengesayensi yamakhowe ku-Renaissance. Kwakuyizikhathi lapho ososayensi bethola khona futhi bachaza emisebenzini yabo yesayense izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 ezihlukahlukene.

ERussia, ucwaningo lwesayensi lwefungi lwaqala ngesisekelo seSt. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ngo-1724.

Kamuva, okungukuthi ngo-1940, ososayensi odumile wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo uL. I. Kursanov emsebenzini wakhe wesayensi wachaza izikhathi zokuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa kwesayensi engenhla. Ngokombono wakhe, isikhathi sokuqala sokwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-mycology kwavela kusukela esikhathini esidala kuze kufike phakathi nekhulu le-XIX. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukutadisha nokwaziswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zefungi, incazelo yabo yenzeke.

Isikhathi sesibili sasiqala kusukela phakathi kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Kwakuyi-sikhathi lapho osebenza kuqala ku-fungus we-parasitic evele khona, ukuhlolwa kwemijikelezo yabo ye-ontogeny nokuphila kwaqala.

Isikhathi sesithathu (ngezinye izikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi esisha kunazo zonke) sabonakala ngokusungulwa kwezindlela ezintsha zokutadisha imisebenzi, izimo zomsebenzi obalulekile walezi zinambuzane.

Uzoqala kuphi?

Ukubonisana ne-mycologist yisinyathelo sokuqala endleleni yokwelashwa. Ukubonisana kuqala ngeqiniso lokuthi uchwepheshe uhlola indawo ethintekile yesikhumba, izinwele, izipikili noma izinambuzane zamangqamuzana. Futhi, udokotela-i-mycologist uqhuba imibuzo eningiliziwe yesiguli, lapho ebeka khona isikhathi nezimo zokuqala kwesifo.

Okubalulekile ukuthi lo mchwepheshe uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana nokutholakala kwezilwane ezifuywayo (izithwala ezivame ukutheleleka kwezifo) endlini yesiguli, futhi uthole izimbangela zokutheleleka.

Izimbangela zokutheleleka zingafani ngokuphelele: ngaphezu kwezilwane, lesi sifo singasuswa "kwabanye" (ngokuvamile kusuka kumalungu omndeni), futhi sithole igciwane ngokusebenzisa izinto zasendlini.

Uma kunesidingo, i-mycologist ingagcizelela ekuhloleni wonke amalungu omndeni, izilwane ezifuywayo.

Izinqubo zokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa udokotela uyaqhubeka ngemva kokuhlola ngokucophelela nokubeka ukuhlolwa kokugcina. Kwezinye izimo, ukwamukela i-mycologist kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okudingekayo (i-biochemistry).

Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokubeka amafutha okugcoba, amaphilisi, kanye namajojo afanelekile. Ngezikhathi ezithile i-droppers ne-fizioprotsedury enikeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esitokisini saloluchwepheshe kukhona izindlela ezinjalo zokwelashwa njenge:

- Ukwelashwa kwe-Physiotherapeutic, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen, i-laser ne-ultraviolet;

- ukwelashwa kwe-hardware nokususwa okuhlinzekwayo (okusetshenziselwa ukutheleleka kwefungal of the nail);

- vitamin therapy;

- ukususwa kwemishini yama-fungal parasites ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuphuza izidakamizwa.

Ngokuvamile kuzo zonke izimo i-mycologist ibhekisela ezindleleni zokucwaninga ze-laboratory.

Nini ukubona udokotela?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi yisiphi isifo kulula ukuvimbela kunokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, ukudluliselwa kulo mchwepheshe kuzinyathelo zokuqala zokubonakaliswa kwesifo sefungal.

Izimpawu ze-"parasite" ezilimaza emzimbeni womuntu zivame ukubukeka kokubomvu, ukushaywa, ukuvutha, ukucubungula noma ukukhwabanisa isikhumba.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuqinisa ngokuvakashela udokotela ezimweni eziningi kuholela eqinisweni ukuthi le fungus idlulela ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane zesikhumba (isibonelo, kusuka kwesinye isipikili kuya kwesinye). Kulesi simo, ngaphezu kokuzwa okubuhlungu, umuntu uthola ukubonakala okungajabulisi kwezinhlangothi ezithintekayo zomzimba.

Izifo

Uhlu lwezifo ze-fungal, lapho usizo olufanelekayo lwe-mycologist luyadingeka, lukhulu ngokwanele. Ukutheleleka okunjalo kuhlanganisa: i-dermatitis, i-candidiasis, i-actinomycosis, i-pneumonia ye-fungal, i-sweating, i-mukormikozy, i-lichen nabanye.

Zonke lezi zifo zinezibonakaliso ezicacile, ngokubonakala ukuthi umuntu angaqonda kalula ukuthi i-fungus ibonakala emzimbeni wakhe.

Ngisho nesimo esivamile futhi esibonakala singenangqondo, njengesiqhwaga, yisizathu sokubiza udokotela-mycologist.

Ukubheka kuphi nokuthi yini okufanele ukhethe?

Kuphi lapho i-mycologist ihamba khona? Labachwepheshe bayatholakala kuwo wonke amaproyclinics amakhulu emadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela balezi zikhethekile bayatholakala cishe yonke imitholampilo yangasese.

Emva kombuzo wokuthi imtholampilo i-mycologist ithola inikezwa, ukwemukelwa kwenzelwa futhi ukwelashwa kunqunywe, kuyakudingeka ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nesifo esitholakalayo.

I-Onychomycosis iyi-nail ukhunta-dermatophyte lesion. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sididekile nezinguquko esitokisini se-nail esibangelwa imiphumela yomshini (isibonelo, ukuguqulwa kwemvelo kanye nokuma ngenxa yesikhukhula).

I-Mucormycosis - ukunqotshwa kwempumlo nobuchopho ngokubunjwa isikhunta. Lesi sifo asivamile kakhulu futhi, mhlawumbe, esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu zefungal. Kwezinye izimo, i-mucormycosis ingaba yingozi.

I-actinomycosis - isifo esibangelwa ingress yefungi elimangalisa emzimbeni womuntu. Njengomthetho, ubuso, intamo nomhlathi ziyakuthinteka.

I-pneumonia ye-Fungal iyilonda lamathishu emaphaphu.

I-Candidiasis - isifo esenzeka emangqamuzaneni amancane emlonyeni, emathunjini, ezithombeni zomzimba, izipikili.

I-Aspergillosis isifo sofuba esithinta ama-bronchi namaphaphu.

Nasi uhlu lwezifo ezivamise ukubhekana nazo yi-mycologist.

Ukuvimbela

Kubalulekile ukugcina iseluleko se-dokotela-mycologist, mayelana nokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwefungal.

Izindlela zokuvimbela eziyinhloko zilandelayo:

- ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuhlanzeka;

- ukudla okungcono;

- ukungenisa amavithamini (ikakhulukazi ekwindla-entwasahlobo);

- ukukhishwa kokuxhumana nezilwane ezilahlekile;

- ukuxhumana okungathí sina ne-allergen (kubantu abavame ukwelashwa);

- Ungagqoki izicathulo zomuntu ngezinyawo, ungahambi ngezicathulo ezindaweni ezingabantu (ama-saunas, izibhuku zokubhukuda, izitolo zokugqoka), ungasebenzisi ezinye izinwele zokuboya izinwele, izibhamu, iziqhumane, izimonyo.

Ukugcinwa kwemithetho elula kuzosiza ukunciphisa amathuba okutheleleka kwefungal.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukufinyeleleka okungakafiki kwesazi kanye nokwelapha kwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo saleso sifo bese kuholela ekuphindeni.

Ukufuna udokotela

Uma kwenzeka isifo, isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukucinga hhayi nje udokotela, kodwa ochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe futhi onolwazi. Ngakho-ke, ungathola kanjani i-mycologist enhle?

Ngokuvamile isazi esifanele singatholakala ngenxa yempendulo yabangane nezihlobo. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu ozofuna ukumemezela ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka okuthile okufayo.

Ngakho-ke, kukhona indlela yesibili: ukusesha udokotela ngokusebenzisa iWorld Wide Web. E-intanethi, ungathola inombolo enkulu yezibuyekezo nezincomo cishe cishe wonke ochwepheshe.

Kunendlela eyodwa efakazelwe. Wabonakala maduzane, kodwa kakade wakwazi ukuzibonakalisa ohlangothini oluhle. E-intanethi kunamasevisi athile atholakalayo ekutholeni nasekukhetheni ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. Lezi zinsizakalo zikuvumela ukuba uthole udokotela omuhle kakhulu esifundeni esithile noma edolobheni.

Isibonelo, umuntu ungena kwibha yokusesha "Mycologist Voronezh", emva kwalokho uhlelo luhlinzeka uhlu olugcwele lwadokotela edolobheni elicacisiwe ngesilinganiso (esakhiwa kusuka ekuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi, ukubuyekezwa kweziguli).

Lezi zinsizakalo zikhululekile futhi aziziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ufuna, ungathola umugqa "udokotela-mycologist ukubuyekezwa" futhi ubone yonke imilayezo eshiywe iziguli mayelana nomsebenzi wezodwa.

Ukufingqa

Ngakho-ke, i-mycology iyisayensi (igatsha lezinto eziphilayo) elibhekene nesifundo sefungi. Ngakho-ke, i-mycologist isazi esikhwameni esincane esicacile ekwelapheni kwezifo ezibangelwa ukutheleleka kwefungal emzimbeni womuntu.

Lo dokotela uphatha izifo ze- fungal zezipikili, izinwele, isikhumba kanye nezinye izinambuzane ezinamangcwaba. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-dermatologist kanye ne-mycologist wukuthi lesi siphetho sithinta kuphela lezo zifo eziye zavela ngenxa yokuthi i-fungus ingena emzimbeni womuntu.

Ukuqaphela uhlobo lwesifo-i-mycologist yesifo kuvumela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesiguli kanye nokulethwa kwezivivinyo eziningi (kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukususa endaweni ethintekile yesikhumba).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mchwepheshe uzosiza ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi angaboni kuphela imbangela yalesi sifo futhi akhethe ukwelashwa okufanele, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukisa inkambo yezivikelo okuhloswe ngazo ekuvimbeleni ukutholakala kwesifo sofuba.

Ukubhalisa nodokotela-mycologist kuyadingeka lapho kwenzeka khona izibonakaliso ezinjenge-dandruff, ubomvu, isikhumba, ukushisa, ukucubungula noma ukukhipha isikhumba esikhunjeni, kanye nezinguquko embala kanye nesakhiwo sepilisi ye-nail.