Imfundo:Isayensi

I-Meiosis ne-mitosis: umehluko omkhulu

Zonke iziphilayo eziphilayo zakhiwa ngamaseli ahlala ukuphila kwawo, ahlukanise futhi athuthukise. Inqubo yokwahlukana ingenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili eziphambene ngokuphelele, ezinesiteji esifanayo: i-meiosis ne-mitosis.

Ngezinto eziphilayo, amangqamuzana aqukethe i-nucleus abonakala nge-mitosis. Lezi zilwane ikakhulu, izimila namakhowe. Ezesayensi, le ndlela yokuhlukanisa ibizwa ngokuthi ukukhiqiza izitshalo. I-Meiosis iyindlela yokuhlukanisa, kodwa isici sayo sihlukanisa inani lama-chromosomes.

Sizoqonda ukuthi i-mitosis ihluke kanjani ku-meiosis. Inqubo ngayinye ihamba ngesigaba esifanayo, kodwa ngamunye wabo kukhona okungafani, okuyizinto ezihlukile kakhulu.

Isigaba sokuqala yinqubo yokwahlukana. Inqubo ye-mitosis ihilela ukuhlukaniswa kwama-chromosomes. Ngamunye wabo udala ezimbili ezintsha, ezihlukaniswa phakathi kwamaseli amabili aphumayo. Isayensi iye yafakazela ukuthi ukuqhubeka kwamaseli amasha kungaba nomphumela ohluke ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, bangahle bahlukanise, noma ukwahlukana kuzoqhubeka neseli elilodwa. Kungenzeka ukumisa inqubo yokwahlukana ngesikhathi esisodwa kumaseli amabili.

Inqubo ye-meiosis idlula kancane kancane. Isekelwe ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Iyokuqala ihambisana nokunciphisa inani lama-chromosomes ngokuphindwe kabili. Iseli le-diploid lihlukanisa ngamaseli amabili angama-haploid. I-chromosome ngayinye ibonakala ngokukhona kwama-chromatidi amabili. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesibili akubandakanyi ukwehla kwenani lama-chromosomes. Ngenxa yomkhakha wesibili amaseli amane amasha akhiwa. Esitokisini ngasinye, i-chromosome eyodwa neye-chromatid eyodwa yendawo. I-Meiosis ne-mitosis, naphezu kokufana kwazo, kunemibono ekhona kakade esigabeni sokuqala.

Isigaba sesibili ukuhlanganiswa. Uhlu lokuqala lwamaseli enqubo ye-meiosis luhilela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-chromosomes ye-homologous. Inqubo ye-mitosis ibonakala ukungabi khona kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxubana. Okulandelayo ukulungiswa kwama-chromosomes. I-Mitosis ibonakala ngokuba khona kwama-chromosomes ahlangene, kodwa ukusabalalisa kwabo okufanayo kufana ne-equator akuveli ngambili, kodwa ngokuhlukaniswa. Kulokhu, inqubo ye-meiosis ithatha umphumela ohluke ngokuphelele. Lapha ukulungiswa kwe-equator kudlula ngamabili.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinqubo ze-mitosis ne-meiosis kubonise ukuthi umehluko awubonisi nje kuphela enkambisweni yokuhlukaniswa, kodwa futhi ekuhlaziyweni kokugcina. I-Mitosis iba yisisekelo sokwakheka kwamabili amangqamuzana angama-somatic ne-diploid. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izici zefa zihlala kulo lonke lolu hlelo. Ngenxa ye-meiosis, ama-pair amabili amagciwane e- germ akhiwa ngomlingiswa we-haploid . Ngokuqondene nenkinga ye-heredity, ayigcinwa futhi ekugcineni ishintshe ngokuphelele.

Kodwa-ke, umehluko obaluleke kunazo zonke usemvelo wenqubo yokukhiqiza. I-Meiosis iyindlela yokukhiqiza ngokocansi, okuyinto, njengomthetho, eqhubeka kuphela kumaseli wesondo esiteji sokuvuthwa. I-Mitosis igxila ekuzalweni kwe- asexual yama-somatic cells. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mitosis yindlela ewukuphela kwamaseli angama-somatic alulame.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-meiosis ne-mitosis inemibono ephawulekayo ekuhloleni kwayo. I-Meiosis ihambisana nokugcinwa kwenani lama-chromosomes njalo futhi kuvuselela ukubukeka kwalabo abasha. Zinezidalwa eziyilungelo lokuzibophezela. I-Mitosis isekelwe ekuphindeni kabili ama-chromosomes. Idlula ngesisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwe-longitudinal. Khona-ke ama-chromosomes akhiwe ahlukanisa namaseli endodakazi. Ulwazi lokuqala ludluliselwa ngokugcwele futhi alushintshi. Yinkqubo ye-mitosis esekelwe ekuthuthukiseni kwezinto eziphilayo ezinamaseli amaningi. Kungaphetha ngokuthi i-meiosis ne-mitosis, nakuba zilandela umgomo owodwa, zinombono omkhulu wokungafani nokuphikisa.

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