Umvuthwandaba omncane: i-anatomy ne-physiology

I-vein jugular (RV) idonsa igazi ezigumbini nasezihlotsheni zekhanda emgodini wezinyosi ezingenalutho. Kungaba ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

1. Eyokuqala yalezi zindawo eziseduze ngokwanele ebusweni bomzimba, ngakho-ke kungabonakala ngezingqinamba ezifanele zomzimba. Itholakala emgodini wegundane, futhi idonsa igazi emhlane, entanyeni yentamo nesikhunta, bese igeleza i-JAV yangaphakathi. Iinezivalo nezinye izivunguvungu zigijimela kuwo, njenge:

A) i-vein jugular vein - ivela engxenyeni yesine, iqondiswa phansi, ebusweni bomsila we-sternum-hyoid. Kunezibili zazo, ezivela zombili izinhlangothi zihlela endaweni ephezulu, lapho zixhunywe khona nge-anastomosis (i-arch jugular). Ngakho-ke, i-vein jugular veins, ukuhlanganisa, yakha umsizi entanyeni.

B) i-vein end ear ear - iqhuba igazi elivela e-plexus, elitholakala ngemuva kwe- auricle. Itholakala ngemuva kwendlebe.

C) i-occipital - iqhuba igazi e-plexus ene-venous engxenyeni ye-occipital yekhanda, ithululela ku-JAV yangaphandle, ngezinye izikhathi ibe yi-JV yangaphakathi.

D) suprascapular - idlula kanye umthambo futhi ine ukubukeka iziqu ezimbili ezixhuma kwelinye esigabeni esibulalayo we vela subclavia.

I-vein jugular (yangaphandle) iqukethe ama-valve.

2. Indima ekhethekile idlala yi-vein jugular yangaphakathi. Ivela endaweni yesikhumba esincane, esitholakala phansi kwe-skull, i-skullwise yonke intamo phansi ngaphansi kwe-muscle sternocleid, ephela ezingxenyeni zayo zangasese ezansi entanyeni.

Endabeni yokuguqula ikhanda ngakwesinye isici, iya emhlanganisweni we-auricle ne-sternoclavicular junction, etholakala esikhwameni se-carotid se- carotid artery kanye ne-lateral nererve.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ebuchosheni, okungukuthi egobolondo lalo kanzima, kunezinhlelo zemikhumbi enamandla egeleza emithanjeni bese iguqula igazi emzimbeni. Bonke bajoyine ndawonye bese benza ama-sinous venousous of the ulwelwesi oluqinile lobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, igazi ligxila emasimini amabili e-sigmoid, edlula emigodini ethile ekhanda. Ngalendlela, imithanjeni yangaphakathi ye-jugular yangaphakathi neyesokunxele yakhiwa.

Okunye okunye okunye, kufaka phakathi imingcele eguqula igazi kusukela ku-pharynx ne-larynx, izigulane ezisezingeni eliphansi, umlomo womlomo nangomlomo, nentamo kanye ne-scalp ne-gland yegland. Ezinye izigxobo zingena ngaphakathi kwe-JV, njenge:

A) ebusweni - livela emhlathini ophansi, ekugcineni kwe-fusion yezimvini ezimbili (ubuso obuseduze nangemuva), eqondiswa phansi, bese emuva. Ayinawo ama-valve.

B) imithanjeni ye-thyroid - ihambisane nemithambo yegazi futhi iwele emgqeni wobuso noma ngezilimi. Anamagxolo.

C) ama-pharyngeal - avela emkhatsini we-pharynx, athola imithanjeni yomsele onamandla, i-palate, ne- tube eustachian. Inombolo yabo ingahle ihluke, ayinawo ama-valve.

D) i-vein vein - iseduze komshini, ishiya yona, ilele phezu komsindo we-lingual futhi iyahambisana nerve ye-hyoid. Inamaphini.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi yonke imithanjeni yekhanda ine-anastomoses ne-sinous sinous ngamathambo e-skull. Ngakho-ke, zitholakala engxenyeni yangaphakathi yamehlo, ngemuva kwe-auricle, esifundeni somqhele. Lawa anastomoses enza kube lula ukulawula ingcindezi ekhanda. Futhi, esimweni sokuvuvukala kwezicubu, zikhonza njengendlela yokuvuvukala emagqabeni obuchopho, okuyinto eyingozi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, i-vein jugular yangaphakathi, ixhuma ne-subclavia, yakha i-trunk ye-vein ephakeme engavamile.

I-vein jugular, etholakala entanyeni, ikhiqiza ukuphuma kwegazi ezivela ezinhlokweni nasezihlokweni zekhanda, futhi liyingxenye ye- vein ephakeme engavamile. Limelela amabilidi amabili (angaphandle nangaphakathi), enza imisebenzi ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukugeleza kwegazi, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokujikeleza komuntu.