I ukuma lamafutha esundu, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni, ukusetshenziswa kanye umonakalo

Imithombo ehlukahlukene ulwazi "intende yesandla" isihloko okuxoxwa kuyadida. Ngendaba daba - kumbe kuyaliphazamisa kumuntu uwoyela umzimba entendeni, ngoba amazwe inqwaba (mayelana 500 wamathani ngonyaka) ezweni lethu.

Liyini iphuzu ukuncibilika lamafutha esundu? Lapho lo mkhiqizo isetshenziswa? Ziyini izinzuzo? Lokhu, kanye nezici ukukhiqizwa nezinye amaqiniso kulesi sihloko.

amafutha esundu: Isicelo Incazelo Ukwakheka

namafutha esundu Umthombo - ingxenye esinamanzi isithelo namafutha esundu (Elaeis guineensis). Njengoba injalo iluhlaza kuba umbala obomvu-orange, okuyinto kubangelwa wokuqukethwe lelisetulu carotenoid. Ukuba ukwelashwa okukhethekile, umkhiqizo iba bomvu noma ube phuzi. Red ukulondolozwa eyinqaba azigcina izakhi (80%) e-yellow bona kakhulu ilahleke. izinhlobonhlobo Yellow abacebile elihlale okunamafutha acid (50%), kokulimaza umzimba. Izinhlobonhlobo obomvu zabo 38%, ngaphezu kwalokho-ke kuyinto tocotrienol abadumile (Ushintshe vitamin E), vitamin A ne amelana ukusabela oxidative.

Kuyini amafutha esundu? Kusukela lokho yenze lo mkhiqizo? Ukuze namafutha esundu ikhenela esithathwayo core kanzima (imbewu) izithelo. It libhekene ezingeni yellowness of elihlale okunamafutha acid, kakhulu ngendlela 80% (isb carotenoid cishe lingekho). imikhiqizo yokucwenga Odlule iba ukukhanya.

Ukuze main umkhiqizo Ukwakheka zihlanganisa elihlale okunamafutha palmitic futhi stearic acid. Amaphesenti oleic (okunamafutha monounsaturated) acid, 40% linoleic (polyunsaturated) - abafika kwabangu-10%. Kwakamuva ukukhuthaza umzimba omuhle futhi kubalulekile empilweni. Ukwakheka yakhiwa lamafutha esundu lauric myristic acid, oleic acid linoleic acid kuwo cishe 33%. Umkhiqizo elicwengiweyo Ngaphezu izakhi elahlekile phakathi kwenqubo.

Ukudla nezezimboni namafutha esundu, isicelo

I abahlinzeki main lamafutha esundu kukhona Eshiya (South East), i-Latin America. Kuvuna ngenyanga izithelo igcinwe efudumele ngaphambi kokuqala lwezithelo olubangela ukubila. Emva ngamathumba, ihlukanisa uginindela, okuholela mass onomfutho. Umkhiqizo eluhlaza ngokuthi amafutha ezimbonini kanye asifanele ukudliwa abantu. Le ndawo main kwesicelo - umshini, umshini ithuluzi (njengoba igrisi lokubolekwa).

Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlanzwa amafutha ezidliwayo etholwe, ezimele umkhiqizo ukudla. Ngo ukuhweba, ingxenye yayo isesikhathini 50%. Lokhu kuchazwe yi-funa kwandisa zemifino amafutha uma sicabangela elinganiselwe kwemithombo yemvelo kwamafutha okuqinile futhi ephuma kabili esiqinile. Esikhathini ukudla umkhakha imikhiqizo entendeni kabanzi womshini ebhikawozi kanye confectionery nemikhiqizo, imikhiqizo yobisi kuhlangene, nenze ukudla okusheshayo, ubisi losana.
lamafutha esundu izingxenye zalo e omningi kukhona Cosmetology (insipho, ukhilimu, njll), Abenzi insipho, amakhandlela yasendlini. Futhi-ke isetshenziswa kwemithi ukukhiqizwa okuphakelayo nemfuyo kanye nezinkukhu.

Izici ukukhiqizwa

Liyini iphuzu ukuncibilika lamafutha esundu? Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule lo mbuzo, ake sixoxe ngezici ukwenziwa kwalo mkhiqizo. Ezimweni ifektri cluster izihlahla iphathwa umusi ezomile ukuze ukuhlukanisa off. Khona-ke, udini eluhlaza ukunikeza zinhlobo zayo lobuchwepheshe.

Esikhathini ukudla grade impahla eluhlaza is inzalo, kwadlula yokucwenga (yokuhlanza). Refining kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa:

• ngesikhathi ukuphotha of indaba kokuqala akube kusakhulunywa ngaye uwoyela ongahluziwe;
• Centrifuge uyazihlanza amanzi futhi eziqinile;
• hydration (umshini ohlanza amanzi) Kwenziwa isizinda phospholipids;
• yi-neutralization ziyasuswa khulula fatty acid;
• umkhiqizo bleached futhi deodorized.

I hydrogenation (hydrogen enamathiselwe izinto) wenziwa ukususa polyunsaturated okunamafutha acid (PUFAs).

Ukuba nekhono ngokushesha oxidize PZHNK ungakuvumeli ukuba isitoreji yesikhathi eside komkhiqizo (hhayi engaphezu kweyisithupha izinyanga), ukuze kuzo, futhi ukuqeda. Ukuthi ngemva hydrogenation babengenalo ukunambitheka ehlukile, ukuvuselela uwoyela (deodorized). Lapho efeza wekulihlanta etholwe umkhiqizo elicwengekile ukuthi sisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa eziphansi ngokwanele, kodwa hhayi kakhulu ewusizo empilweni.

amafutha esundu: encibilika iphuzu izakhiwo

Entendeni nezinye amafutha yemifino babe triatsilglitseroidy (kwakwakhe glycerol esters of okunamafutha acid). ingxube ngamunye siqu eyinqaba izici chemico-ngokomzimba kanye degree of ukuncibilika. Ngokusekelwe Eqinisweni, lokho lokuncibilika lamafutha esundu, uthi amafraktjhini ezintathu (zinhlobo) komkhiqizo.

1. standard umkhiqizo amafraktjhini abangu elinesimo lokushisa ukuncibilika 36 ° C - 39 ° C. Lapho yokuwugazinga, awusebenzi ngibheme, asisho anamathele. Nokho, ngokushesha Uqinisa, ngakho ukudla okuphekwe kuso Kunconywa ukuba asebenzise ashisayo noma afudumele.
2. ingxenyenamba Iningi okuqinile - stearin - zihlanganisa izingxenye imajarini. Namafutha esundu ukuncibilika lokushisa - 48 ° C - 52 ° C.
3. Ukuze entendeni olein kokubili ketshezi remelt zinhlobo degrees - 16 ° C - 24 ° C. Ukungaguquguquki efana ukhilimu, simisiwe esiqandisini.

Stearin futhi olein ngempumelelo isebenzisa Cosmetology.

Yini ukudla aqukethe amafutha esundu

"Palm" imikhiqizo refractoriness okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuphila eshalofini eside.

1. amafutha esundu njengoba isithako imikhiqizo yobisi: Ubisi replacers (kuhlanganise ezomile), margarine, ushizi kanzima, ushizi kusetshenzwe, ibhotela, imajarini, lisakazeka, izinhlobo eziningi ushizi kanye ice cream, yogurt.
2. Ufulawa, imikhiqizo confectionery amafutha esundu (derivatives) ingavuli ezimuncu, abanakho ukuthambekela lwezithelo olubangela ukubila. Ukudla zonke izinhlobo ehla, amakhekhe, amabhisikidi kanye ungqimba alube, umthengi elithile noma ngenye indlela ulisebenzisa. It is lisetshenziswe candy ofakwe, ushokoledi.
3. Olein elikhona imikhiqizo ethosiwe, amazambane chips, amantongomane okugazingiwe, ummbila ishq, noodle osheshayo. Nanguya Ungadla pre-zahlanganiswa, isobho amamiksi, imayonnaise.

Ngakho, iningi imikhiqizo ethengiwe bayindlala kakhulu phakathi kwabantu, iqukethe amafutha esundu.

Indlela ukucacisa khona amafutha esundu ekudleni

Umsebenzisi kudingeka akhumbule ukuthi amafutha esundu ukunambitheka ezimnandi, kuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kakhulu ezishibhile imikhiqizo yemvelo. Imikhiqizo elikuqukethe zigcinwa isikhathi eside. Kuyamjabulisa abakhiqizi futhi ikhanga abathengi. Uma ukuthenga kuyadingeka ukuze banake hhayi kuphela inani layo likwenza ubone, kodwa futhi ngokuya isitoreji: onamileyo ezibukeka ayisishiyagalombili evela ngokucacile iqukethe amafutha esundu.

Qaphela: Igama elithi "yemifino amafutha" ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kuba amafutha esundu. Mayelana isignali esikhundleni etshiyeneyo "imikhiqizo ushizi", "amangqanga", "ukhilimu omuncu", "ushizi mass", "imayonnaise", "Ubisi olujiyile". Life (ngokuvumelana GOST) imikhiqizo abakhiqizi kungukuthi ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda umkhiqizo. "

Izithako ezivamile esikhundleni imikhiqizo entendeni ngobisi. Ngokuvamile "mbumbulu" zidayiswa ezicashe ibhotela. Kwemvelo (20 zinhlobo), elinesimo lokucuketfwe fat ezahlukene futhi elinamanzi amaningi nenala izici ewusizo. Omunye izinzuzo - ongaphakeme ibhotela ukuncibilika lokushisa (24 no-37 degrees). Akwaziwa: degree aphansi processing, kufakwe kule fat umzimba kalula kakhulu.

Ingabe izinga lokushisa ukuncibilika ibhotela kanye namafutha esundu? Yebo, ezingafani okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuma, umkhiqizo kakhulu kunabayeni zesundu uwoyela alube, ngokuba trudnousvaivaemym. On isigaba komkhiqizo wangempela has ngobuhle isici, eqandisiwe izingcezu eziphukile. uwoyela engamanga ezimbi eqina e isiqandisi, has umbala esikhanya kakhulu, awusebenzi aphambane. I ukuma lamafutha esundu - 48 ° C - 52 ° C.

amafutha esundu: ukusetshenziswa

Ukudla izinhlobonhlobo amafutha esundu ubhekwa ebomvu ewusizo kakhulu, azigcina kakhulu izakhi ngemva kokwelashwa.

1. amavithamini Usizo ngezithako zawo: Ithonya elihle ezithweni ezibukwayo, E luyadingeka umbono omuhle futhi ashukumise nezindlala ngokobulili.
2. Ukwehlisa cholesterol ngenxa oleic, acid linoleic. amafutha esundu kuyinto ngokomthetho umsebenzi Bile ukugeleza futhi isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene iyonke. Bahlambulula amavesi acinene ngesikhathi ukuminyana.
3. Ezinye umkhiqizo zokudla Kunconywa njengendlela yokuthola neminye (2 tsp ngokuzila ukudla).
4. Lapho ukuthosa uwoyela at uvutha siqu okunjalo futhi chadit kanye nemikhiqizo imbozwe omnandi ezikhangayo. Kungezwe inhlama, inikeza lesi crispness umkhiqizo futhi iphunga olubucayi.
5. "Palm" buso esetshenziselwa isicwebezelisi, izinwele ukukhula nokulungiswa kwesimo esidalekile.
6. On osekelwe kuyo, okhilimu yezimonyo, insipho kukhiqizwa. Ngenxa ukubaluleka yemvelo isetshenziswa anakekele inkinga isikhumba, rejuvenation yayo anti-aliasing.
7. Indlu yangasese kokuncinyane amaconsi uwoyela kunciphisa ukucindezeleka, ulawula umsebenzi imithambo yegazi.
8. Ukugeza powder ngokuqukethwe layo akuyona ingozi empilweni.

Kufanele ukuhlukanisa ukudla obomvu (iphathwa) lwamafutha lobuchwepheshe (ingelashwa) nge-Hue ezifanayo. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe akhethekile zihlukaniswa uhlobo ukudla kuphephile. Quality, imibono umthengi ubhekwa imikhiqizo "Zlata Palma" futhi "Royal".

amafutha esundu: umonakalo

Ingabe amafutha ayingozi hydrogenation esidlule. Amafutha ketshezi, saturable inqubo hydrogen ama-athomu ne-nickel ne-platinum yelikhono iguqulwe ibe fat okuqinile. Kuyinto ngenxa ukuvela amafutha trans ngu hydrogenation, okubangela zinesifo esithile:

• iziyaluyalu neuropsychiatric, kwehle kokuqapha engqondo ngenxa yokuthi amanoni trans siyehla izinqubo umzimba zobuchopho;
• Trans avuse igazi isitsha sclerosis isifo ischemic, ukwehluleka senhliziyo, unhlangothi,
• transzhirovymi molecule omubi kusho phezu uketshezi of ama-enzyme, yingakho izinkinga digestibility processing futhi umkhiqizo;
• la amafutha cuphuluza ukuguga futhi iseli kuguquka, okuyinto igcwele izinkinga zesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba kanye nomdlavuza.

Amaphakheji equkethe umkhiqizo hydrogenated kumele kuhambisane elihambisana droppings ( «trans fat»).

Imininingwane: ngempela, ayanda degree of ukucutshungulwa, kuya kuba nzima nakakhulu ngoba nokwenziwa umkhiqizo osuphelile. Kodwa ukusebenza ngemfanelo kohlelo wokugaya ukudla azikwazi ukuncika kuphela lokushisa: Ungenciki inganekwane ukuvaleka ingqikithi umzimba "entendeni plasticine". Non-hydrogenated amafutha esundu kungamlimaza umuntu kuphela lapho ukuphuza ke.

Ingqikithi yalo "intende yesandla" we umbuzo

Ngokuvamile, "inkinga entendeni" yilena elandelayo:

• imikhiqizo izinga ziphephile ukudliwa;
• ukusetshenziswa umkhiqizo ongcono ngisho inqwaba ngokungangabazeki ezilimazayo empilweni;
• uwoyela lobuchwepheshe akufanele neze kwenze umuntu abe udle.

Ukwephula imithetho yokuhamba (isibonelo, emathangini imikhiqizo petroleum), impahla eluhlaza ukucutshungulwa ubuchwepheshe ephambene nomthetho Russian - ukuthi izimbangela eliphansi emashalofini lamafutha esundu. Kodwa neze abakhiqizi zobuqili neyaziwayo umthengi isilinganiso e amaphutha abo.