ULouis XIII: Biography

Indlela yokuthola French ngokwabo, kule amanoveli lwenkemba, nenkemba Aleksandr Dyuma wanika portrait kakhulu kanzima ukushaya iNkosi uLouis XIII. Lokhu iduna ababuthakathaka futhi gutless futhi kushintshashintsha, amakhaza, futhi enobudlova futhi costive, elise emthunzini uRichelieu okukhulu. Kodwa eqinisweni, lo mbusi elaziwayo elincane, uma kubukisisa ke, futhi kungaba akusibekele inkazimulo uyise uHenry IV, futhi le ndodana yalo uLouis XIV.

Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-33 wokubusa kwakhe, umbuso France ihlukile kakhulu. Sekube nezigameko eziningi ukuhlanganiswa amandla nokuphatha, ukuthuthukiswa wezohwebo ibutho lasolwandle. Ngemva kwalokho, lezi zithelo ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele indodana yakhe uLouis XIV.

Dauphin (iminyaka 1601-1610)

ULouis XIII - iyindodana uHenry IV, iNkosi ka-France kanye Navarre futhi Marii Medichi. Yazalwa ngo-1601. Lokhu mshado dynastic kuphela, eklanyelwe ukugcina ithonya French e-Italy, ngokujoyina Florence neFrance yindlalifa. Futhi kudingeka ukubhala off the izikweletu we-French e-Florentine bebhange. Indlovukazi abasha wazala amadodana ayisithupha, babo ababili kuphela ufinyelelwe ilungele ukuba umuntu omdala - uLouis XIII nomfowabo Gaston, uMbusi Orleans. Ingane ikhula enqabeni eSaint-Germain-en-Laye, nezingane uHenry IV engumlanjwana. It olufundisa yayo ngokuyisisekelo Albert De Luynes. Yena ofaka ingane uthando wokuzingela, uhamba ngaphandle, umdwebo bese umdanso, ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo, le Harpsichord futhi lute. Kodwa nokuphathwa isimo de Luynes ingane ayikalungi. UBaba uyayithanda Louis futhi ngokucacile liwuhlukanise kusukela izingane zakho. Uma kungenjalo, athi unina. Ukhetha ukuya Gaston. UMariya Medichi wathi Louis kancane futhi azizinhle kangako. Kodwa Louis ayibanga flustered, naphezu amahloni zemvelo, wakwenqaba ngokuqinile okholwa phetho saso esivela kuNkulunkulu. Ubaba ushonele lapho, ebulawa oshiseka futhi ibamba isikhathi yinkosi ezincane iba indlovukazi. Ngalesi sikhathi, Louis iminyaka 8 kuphela ubudala. Umama, emuva kusukela inqubomgomo komyeni wakhe uhlose izibopho eduze ne-Spain. ULouis XIII kusuka 1612 abawenzayo kakade ukuthi u-Anne-Austria, indodakazi yenkosi Spanish.

Regency

The Queen ayikwazi ngokugcwele kulawulwa isimo, lapho kwakukhona isimo esishubile phakathi kwamaProthestani namaKatolika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo rush yemizamo ezakhamuzi zayo, abameleli eliphakeme imikhaya ahlukile: Conde, Giza, Montmorency. The Queen ngenkuthalo kuthinte ozithandayo wakhe, Italian Concini, Marshal d'Ankr. Greedy nabahahayo, kudala inzondo yazo zonke owabhekana kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuzwa amandla, wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze athobise yinkosi yesikhathi esizayo. ULouis XIII, ezama ukubeka endaweni Concini futhi bavikele isithunzi sakhe, ukukhuluma nonina, kodwa echayeke ukuhlukunyezwa entsha. Cishe ngaso lesi sikhathi, baqala ukuhlupha bakhe ubuhlungu esiswini, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo kuzokhulisa kuphela. Nokho, naphezu ubuhlungu ekusithekeni namahloni umfana oneminyaka engu-15 ubudala ilungiselela uzungu. I bakhi wabulala ukufa Louvre. Louis, ngokucacile kuvumelana isidingo ngokomzimba ukususa, wathi kuye: soberly: "Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthi ngiyinkosi."

Umphumela we-Icebo lika

La mazwi ngiyafakaza ngamandla nobunjalo uLouis XIII, ngubani ngesibindi wathatha umthwalo isiphetho France eminyakeni engu-15. Kodwa ekuqaleni wokubusa izinduna akusibekele izibhelu. Wadala amaqembu amabili aphikisanayo. Omunye ukuthi isekela Louis abasha, futhi lowo uncika unina. Kusukela eminyakeni 1619 kuya 1620 kukhona "impi" phakathi umama nendodana. Cardinal Armand du Plessis de Richelieu ngobuciko elawula phakathi kwezinhlangano ozobuyisela ukuthula umbuso. Louis ekuqaleni wangabaza izenzo umenzi wokuthula, kodwa abelana embonweni wakhe emandleni obukhosi: kalula ukwazi futhi ukunqoba amaProthestani. Bobabili bafaka akangabazi khimilili lapho bebona into edingekayo. Ukubambisana kukhanga ngokwanele ngokuvumelanayo nangokuphumelelayo.

ukuphila Siqu kanye Anna Avstriyskaya

umshado Dynastic senzeka ngo 1615. Nokho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umkakhe - ubuhle kuqala hhayi kuphela yeFrance, Louis njalo lizungezwe izintandokazi of ubudlelwano ngazo angeke ngokuthi kaPlato. Korol Lyudovik XIII nomkakhe asekelwe ubuhlobo ezikude. He is osolisayo nokubulawa kwendlovukazi. Yini kakhulu ungathandi inkosi esencane, ukuze kungabi izingane emshadweni. Njengoba inkosi ayinakho indlalifa, lizungezwe iziza ezahlukene. Kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi nahlanu ubudlelwane phakathi kwabashadile kuyothuthuka. Kodwa kule minyaka edlule, u-Anne-Austria isibaluli ezingaphezu kweyodwa ozithandayo, kuhlanganise Buckingham. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-23 ngomshado kunezingane wamukelekile. Okokuqala, Dauphin Louis ke filipp Orleansky. Futhi ngenkathi azikho izingane, amaProthestani ukuya ukuvukela evulekile ku La Rochelle, okuyinto kancane kancane ukusekela aristocrats French naseNgilandi, isitha ongumakad 'ebona we Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, eliphilayo ezinhliziyweni French kanye nayo iBritish namanje. Impi yangaphakathi ngokumelene amaHuguenot, kusekelwa Britain, uyaqhubeka kuze 1628, kuze enqabeni La Rochelle ayizange umaluju. I dweba thula vumelwane kuhambisana isiqinisekiso senkululeko yenkolo. Ngaleso sikhathi kwazise nempi yayisiphelile isiphelile lizwe, yengcebo ayinalutho.

iziza

Kunengqondo ukuthi ukuhlonipheka ukumelana siphukile, kodwa inqubomgomo ngokuqinile namaqhinga neNkosi Cardinal Ziyaqhubeka zenza aristocrats. Duchesse de Chevreuse ufuna ukubona umfowabo indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi. Uzungu zihilelekile nomfowabo wenkosi, uGaston Orleansky. Ngalesi sikhathi, isimo phakathi abashadayo sawohloka. Inkosi ekudluliseleni lelo izimfihlo lakhe lempi waziwa enkantolo Spanish. Emzini wakhe Korol Lyudovik XIII wabona isitha. ULouis XIII futhi Anna Avstriyskaya njalo walondoloza isimo esishubile nokungathembani. Izingxoxo unkosikazi iseshwa ngemiyalo yezikhulu inkosi. Ukungakwazi ukuba babe nomntwana ka-Anna (izisu eziningana) okwengeziwe Kuhlukanisa abangane bomshado. Kodwa uRichelieu, ukuze kuzuze France, wenza konke angakwenza ukuze kube khona ukubuyisana phakathi kwendoda nomkayo.

Ukuzalwa uyindlalifa

Lo mcimbi eside elindelwe senzeka ngo 1638. Kodwa isimo esishubile isimo angawi ngesikhathi inkantolo nasesimweni sokungasokwa. Kungakapheli neminyaka engu-12, kukhona izinguquko yokuqinisa igunya lobukhosi, lula ekuphathweni, ukubhubhisa izinsalela izinduna ngesimo izimpi, ukwakha lasolwandle. Kulesi ensimini ohlangothini inkosi ohlangothini sisebenzisana Cardinal. Bona umphelelisi nomunye. Lapho inkosi izimisele ukuthutha abukhali, Cardinal inikeza ngokuqapha nakalula. Bayalihlonipha nomunye, kodwa bazihlukanise. inqubomgomo okunjalo kwenza namandla isikhundla France enkundleni yomhlaba. Iqeda Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu abandayo 'impi e-Italy, kodwa 1635, kwagqashuka impi phakathi eFrance naseSpain. amabutho Spanish eza Paris. Inkosi uqobo wahola ibutho, futhi isitha ukuthi kwawona. Impi uya kanzima. impilo yenkosi siya siba sibi kakhulu okwamanje. Ngiphakathi inkosi noma Cardinal akasibonanga ekupheleni kwempi. Ngo 1642, Armand du Plessis wafa, kodwa ishiya uyindlalifa - Cardinal Mazarin. ULouis XIII asebefile ngenxa yalesi sifo ngemva konyaka, ngo-1643, indlalifa eneminyaka emine ubudala. ohlanga Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke wadala uLouis XIII, futhi uLouis XIV uyohlale ukhathazekile ngokukhula sitfunti salo. Nokho iminyaka eminingi wonke amandla uthola unina, u-Anna Avstriyskaya, owaba ibamba.

Ezenye wokubusa

Futhi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, futhi umsebenzi ukuhweba nezezimboni leli dolobha wahlushwa ekusukeni izimpi. Namanje ukuba 1643 uphatha eFrance ukuze abe neqhaza elikhulu European esinamandla. Lokhu kuye kwaveza uLouis XIII. Biography ithi sibonga ke umbuso ebugqilini Habsburg uthi njengoba Austrian neSpanishi. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, umbuso endaweni sasingeyona indawo ebanzi. Kube isimo oqinile monarchical. Kwamakhosi baba ngokuphelele.

Ngu uqobo, Louis kwaba hypochondriac, umuntu ogulayo futhi udangele, kodwa abantu bakhe balila, wamnika Fair isidlaliso.