Ibhasi elincane Zil-118: avtolegendy USSR

Zil 118 "Youth" - kuyinto umshini emangalisayo nesimo esinzima futhi kudabukisa, ngakho ukukusho mayelana imoto ...

Umlando yephrojekthi

Ngo-1962, iSoviet Union, kube nephutha premium evenini kuqala. Iqiniso nje ukuthi isisekelo ukudalwa kulo mshini waba uhulumeni Zil-111- "Moscow", kusho eyinqaba kuye. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi "the Kremlin" Limousine uya esekelwe onobuhle American izimoto, elalingelamaFilisti isigaba eliphakeme, njengokuthi "yango", "Packard", "Cadillac", wenza imoto entsha, ukwenza okuthile "ongavamile."

Emlandweni we Zil-118 kwakungavamile ukuthi le moto ekuqaleni kubhekwe ukuthi ayikho emthethweni. Umsebenzi wokwakha esenzeka KB, ngaphandle imiyalelo, ama-oda oda kusuka ngenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imoto ifektri abaphathi azizinhle enjalo isinyathelo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba abanike credit ukuthi ungagxambukeli umsebenzi kanye abathanda abasha. iqembu nomqondo wasebenza kuphela ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula. Isiqondiso kuphrojekthi wathatha phezu Nikolay Grincharo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, injongo ethile - ukudala evenini - iqembu phambi kwakhe akazange abe lo mbono wazalwa isivele iqhubeka. Abaklami Young, ngaphezu kwalokho, wayefuna ukuthola ekusebenziseni design Zil-111, ngaphandle zokuthutha abantu abayisithupha.

Transmission ikhumbi

chassis Long uqine avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa uhlobo imoto umzimba, ngaphandle umhlatshelo ukusebenza nenduduzo. Eyokuqala zazo kwaba ukuyeka - ngakho-ke kusukela injini igibele Limousine, kusukela yayo ukusebenza edingekayo high-octane uphethiloli. Ngo isikhathi izimoto ukukhiqizwa kwaba okunethezeka kungamukeleki. Injini "ubudala" atholakala enye ngesimo amandla iyunithi Zil-375. Lokhu amandla injini 170 l / s, senzelwe umthwalo "Ural". Nokho, lolu phiko ifakiwe kuphela sibonelo. Kamuva kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo motor kusukela Zil-130 nge namandla 150 l / s.

Ezinye izindaba zika-Mechanics azizange zishintshe lathathwa prototype yasekuqaleni. Ngisho automatic transmission kusuka Limousine uhulumeni usenqume ukushiya zinjalo. Yini vele kwaba isinqumo ngesibindi umshini, ukulungiselela uchungechunge.

Umzimba imodeli onjiniyela wanquma kancane egazini. Okungukuthi, ukuze ukufakwa injini, yonke phambi ukumiswa kohlelo nge ukubopha kanye eziqondisa indlela izakhi Abaklami usebenzise ehlukile Uhlaka, okuyinto okungukuthi ke nasezinsikeni inhlangano umzimba. Uma kudingeka, (ukulungisa izindlela noma isevisi) subframe is adiliza kalula. Independent phambi ukumiswa ikhumbi esizayo kulekelelwa isimame ukuhlinzeka ukuzinza lateral. Kumphambukisa booster wokubacindezela enikeziwe.

I kwaphumela ukudluliswa design ehlukene izinga kanye nokwethembeka, kodwa lutho okungavamile singamelwe. Kodwa yangaphandle futhi ingaphakathi Zil-118 kungenziwa kubhekwe, futhi, uma kungenjalo omuhle wobuciko, ngokuqinisekile into "ongavamile."

wafana amazwe

Ngokubukeka izimoto ezintsha yasekhaya ukubonakala izici American Chevrolet Corvair Greenbrier Sportswagon, kodwa sasingawohloki yokukopisha. "American" kunalokho eliphefumulelwe abaklami. Kodwa uma imishini emibili abekwe ngapha nangapha, ukuthi naphezu ezinkulu usayizi evenini "Youth" Zil-118 wabheka nenhle kakhulu, kulula futhi sihle imoto amazwe. Ngemuva "American" wawufana Analogue ezimbi ekilasini umnotho.

Yangaphandle futhi ingaphakathi

Erik Szabo no-Aleksandru Olshanetsky - abaculi abasha nabaqambi, kanye Tatyana Kiseleva, wahlanganyela ingaphakathi lokubhalela ingaphakathi, yagxila umsebenzi wakhe ukuqinisekisa abagibeli induduzo. By the way, Tatiana necebo igama van, khomba kuwo hhayi kuphela Umkhuba omusha embonini yezimoto, kodwa futhi engu-abahlanganyeli, ukuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi.

Ngenxa yalokho kwakunguNk zabo emsebenzini esitolo Zil-118 waphenduka elikhanyayo, ngombono omangalisayo. Lo mphumela wanikezwa elicwebezelayo-panoramic ezengeziwe amawindi anombala nophahla ikhumbi omkhulu dweba ngokuhambisa (183h68sm). zifudumele futhi umsindo wanezela ungqimba polyurethane phakathi yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi umzimba panel. Ukuze microclimate ingaphakathi ukuhlangabezana ephezulu ukusebenza Ukushisa ukupholisa uhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye esithambile futhi ukhululekile umgibeli esihlalweni enikeziwe: ukukhanyisa ngabanye, isitsha somlotha kagwayi, kanye hook izingubo. Ukuze lokufikela abagibeli kuhlinzekelwe umnyango ohlangothini ohlangothini kwesokudla imoto. wemithwalo besiyoba sikhulu zingabekwa emuva, ngoba ukuthi kukhona omunye umnyango.

Futhi uma ku idatha ntathu Zil-118 (cishe 7 budze namamitha engaphezu kwemibili ububanzi), isiqalo "micro" angabhekwa isihlobo ke ezingeni wenduduzo wadala ngamunye abagibeli 17 "Youth" kungenziwa kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa ne imoto kanokusho.

komzamo ongaphumelelanga

Ngemva isampuli isidlulile test ukuhlolwa iphrojekthi abonisa kuyo ukusebenza kakhulu, amakhumbi entsha yasekhaya wethulwa inkantolo abaphathi lizwe. NS Khrushchev adunyiswe ngesasasa imoto entsha. Khona Umhlahlandlela wakhuthaza Sov.Min.SSSR wathumela ukucela imali ekukhiqizweni Zil-118 kanye ukuhlela kabusha yayo. Siveza ukuthi ubuningi ubuncane imishini 1000 kudingeka bahlangabezane nezidingo umthengi yezwe ngonyaka. Kodwa nakuba isikhona okusezingeni eliphezulu kutuswe umshini ngumbuso ubuholi, imali ngisho kokuqala uchungechunge nezitshalo ayizange yamukelwe. Umnotho kuhlelwe yezwe olwenze "umsebenzi ezingcolile", isenzakalo esisha eziyigugu ngempela yayingekho indawo. Ukuphathwa kwemboni uzamile bebodwa ukuba singavumeli afe imoto esezingeni elifanele, ukuhlela okungenani ukukhululwa okwesikhashana izimoto 300, kodwa akusebenzanga. Nokho, isitshalo abakhi baqhubeka ukulwela "Youth", ekuthuthukiseni kakhulu isimo sawo futhi ukudala izinguqulo ezahlukahlukene ukulungiswa.

ukholo Inextinguishable empumelelweni

Ukuzama ukunweba kwenkululeko evenini entsha, ngaleyo ndlela usondele imodeli ukunakwa eduze, ZiLovtsy wenza kusukela entsha imoto itekisi, ukuthumela imoto kokusele enye itekisi yenhloko-dolobha.

Amabili Zil-118 ( "ER") ahamba ayokhonza esibhedlela "the Kremlin sika". Phela, kule imodeli, imoto kuphela odokotela ukukhonza iziguli obengama ubude, benza phakamisa ophahleni.

Empini yokulwa imoto wathumela ngo-1967 kuya ku-France embukisweni, eyethula onobuhle eziseqophelweni amabhasi abakhiqizi. Phakathi 130 zilethwa imishini yasekhaya Zil-118 imiklomelo 12 ezigabeni ezahlukene, futhi eqinisweni, wadala furor. Kodwa ngisho lokhu kunqoba akazange avule indlela yokuba ngesikhathi esizayo we van entsha.

Zil-118 "Youth" - avtolegendy USSR

Kungani imoto entsha, futhi akakwazanga ukuthola ngokusebenzisa ekukhiqizeni serial? Uyacabangela incazelo salokhu okungukuthi hhayi khona. Eqinisweni, ngemva embukisweni eFrance, amaMelika ahlinzekwa ukusungula ukukhiqizwa ahlangene Zil-118, kodwa wenqatshelwa. Ngisho isicelo ukudayiswa patent inkampani "Ford" emishinini ukukhiqizwa wahlala abanelisekile. ubuholi wezwe "ditched" izandla zabo imodeli yasekhaya uyakwazi ukuncintisana nanoma yimiphi analogs emhlabeni, ilihumusha ku esigabeni "Legends of USSR imoto umkhakha."