ZIS-154 - imoto yokuqala basezindlini ngokunakekelwa injini hybrid

Disemba 8, 1946 lwavivinywa ngowokuqala ibhasi yasekhaya ZIS-154, eyayintula isakhiwo carload. Futhi kwakungeyona sici yayo kuphela. Amapholisa athi ibhasi le entsha waba ngowokuqala imoto Soviet nge powertrain hybrid. Lokho isikimu uhambisane seyenziwe kuwo. It yangaphakathi omlilo injini generator ijikeleziswa, okuyinto yena, bondliwa motors kagesi, ukudluliswa torque engu amasondo ukushayela.

Qala futhi prototypes

Umsebenzi wokwakha waqala ekuqaleni kuka entwasahlobo 1946. Ngu-May wangalowo nyaka, KB amabhasi ezikhethekile kwahlelwa for VMs, okwakubekelwa wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa kanye imishini emisha. Bureau ephethwe AI Skerdzhiev. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isakhiwo ibhasi ayidaliwe kusuka ekuqaleni. Prototypes imodeli abasha babeke baba American GMC futhi Mack. Kuyinto lezi imishini kwadingeka futhi le nqola-umzimba, wenza aluminium ingxubevange, okuyinto kamuva lasetshenziselwa ekuklanyweni umzimba ZIS-154.

entsha imoto injini akulona yasekuqaleni. Push-ukudonsa ngamandla iyunithi nomthamo 110 amalitha. a. (Yaz-204D), kuyinto ebalulekile eyaba "pirated" ikhophi injini GMC US. amabhasi eMoscow kwakufanele amukele ubulungu imoto entsha ukuze weminyaka engu 800th yenhloko-dolobha yase-USSR. Ngakho-ke, funa izimo ezingalindelekile ngesikhathi umgubho wokukhumbula okuthile, umyalo wokuqala ekhishwe 45 "isibonelo," ngokwezwi nozakwabo ZIS yasekhaya powerplant esikhundleni diesel GMC-4-71, etholwe zeminyaka sempi oMfelandawonye ku umboleke-sokuqasha.

Bus aluminiyamu

Njengoba ZIS wayengakaze ake imoto nazo zonke-metal monocoque umzimba, kwanqunywa ukubandakanya ibhasi design ochwepheshe Tushino izindiza endaweni yokukhanda. Ngenxa ukusebenza ahlangene ezimbili CB nithela umzimba yadalwa, isakhiwo okwakunzima iqoqo izigaba eziningana zicishe zifane, ehlanganisa ozimele, steel cast namaphrofayela aluminium. Futhi bodywork ZIS-154 zanquma hlanganisa ne sebhasi umzimba MTB-82B tram MTV-82. Umehluko amanga kuphela yokuthi ukuthi yayenzelwe ongathwali lezi zindlela zokuthutha.

ibhasi Transmission

Amandla iyunithi ibekwe transversely ku eziphephile emuva nebhasi, a usofa ezinhlanu enezihlalo. Udizili Yaz-204 D exhunywe kwi-generator amandla kokunikeza ngqo wamanje enjinini, okuyinto badabula Ukujikeleza gimbal kuya oluvala amasondo labaqaphi elingemuva. Ukushintsha isiqondiso (phambili futhi emuva) kwenziwa ngumuntu inkinobho etholakala eduze esihlalweni somshayeli. Ukushintsha ama wavunyelwa ukuba kwenziwe kuphela ngemva ngci ibhasi.

Ubukhulu bale yona yayidinga umzamo omkhulu Tractive is nge-othomathikhi, okwakuwuphawu ukudluliswa ocacile plus kagesi. Kule ndaba, umsebenzi umshayeli lula kakhulu. Isidingo ekushintsheni amagiya, ngokulandelana, futhi ecindezela le isinyathelo bamba, okwakuyinto ebalulekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Nokho, lokhu lula zidinga olunembile futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukugcinwa afanelekayo sithombo esingatshalwanga Yiqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi nenkinga enkulu ngenxa eseyintsha kohlelo kanye nokuntuleka Ochwepheshe bakwazi ukulungisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla adluliselwe yangaphakathi omlilo injini kuze isondo ufinyelela kuyoshaya ukuguqulwa double nge ukulahlekelwa lobuKhristu kahle. Lokhu kuholela ephakeme petrol (65 amalitha 100 ikhilomitha ngalinye). Noma kunjalo, izakhiwo ezintsha kanye izakhiwo waya chungechunge. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-July eMoscow wathatha amabhasi zaba izigaba zalo zokuqala 7 izimoto ezikhishwe isitshalo. A Septhemba 7th Fleet wanezela nesinye amayunithi 25.

Ukuze ngempela abagibeli

Ukwakhiwa abagibeli ibhasi ngokuya lula Kwatholakala yimpumelelo ngempela. The elingaphakathi lwakhiwe abantu abangu-60, phakathi kwawo - 34 enezinto zokuhlala. Abangu Cushioning Umbala Izinketho noma kanokusho. Ukuze ebusika ZIS-154 kwaba ifakwe ezinhle bafudumale system, futhi ehlobo - umoya. Comfort wengeze bese ukumiswa esithambile. Amapholisa athi ibhasi le yashesha ngokushelela wathutha nombala, ukuthi uma eqhathaniswa onobuhle odlule kwaba nje imoto isimangaliso. Nokho, ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwatholakala kusimo abalulekile, okuyinto kwagcina kuholele ekubeni ukuhoxiswa umshini kusukela ukukhiqizwa.

Inkinga enkulu ibhasi elisha

Yonke inkinga ka ZIS-154 kwaba injini. Ngaphezu okusezingeni eliphezulu petrol, Yaz-204D kwaba umsindo kakhulu. Nokho, waphakamisela uye chadil black qeda. Kodwa ngisho ukuthi kwaba esibi kunazo. Ngezikhathi ibhasi udizili, bathi, "wangena sigqoka," okungukuthi umfutho yabo futhi ezimathonsi anda. Ukuze umise it, umshayeli yahlwithwa fuel umugqa kuyadingeka. Futhi uma khumbula ukuthi injini kwaba emva umshini, ke ngempela babenenkinga engathí sina.

"Ngokuhlukana" sekuyinkinga isishayo wangempela ZIS-154. Ngisho ebhasini ephephile imiyalelo ukusebenza umshayeli ukuyeka ibhasi ayalwa ukuba izandla nezinyawo ukubopha. yena ngabe kubuza umhloli-mathikithi noma ezinye abagibeli uqhubeke unyathela amabhuleki, futhi ngokushesha amabombo le gumbi injini uyasikrufulula ipayipi fuel, kanjalo uphazamisa supply uphalafini injectors injini. Xazulula le nkinga ngesikhathi isitshalo wahluleka, ngoba wayengasazi isikhathi esiqondile iyimbangela lomkhuba.

Ngakho-ke, vele ngo-1950, okungukuthi iminyaka emithathu ngemva kokuqala zokukhiqiza, ukukhiqizwa uchungechunge ZIS-154 kwaba ngokuphelele ikhishiwe. Noma kunjalo, phakathi naleso sikhathi lesi sitshalo ukhiphe 1165 "isimangaliso-ibhasi", kusukela lapho amapaki ibhasi ukuba azikhulule ngu hook noma nge kwengobe. Yiqiniso, ibhasi, nakuba uJesu ayengumuntu i emisha ngesikhathi sawo, kodwa ngeshwa kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho abazange bathole ukuqhubeka.