Igama izibankwakazi. Izithombe anamagama

Esigabeni ngasinye kokunqotshwa iplanethi enguMhlaba yayikhona yezilwane ezithile, kuba uhlobo "elite" isikhathi sakhe. Lezi zidalwa kwakubhalwe amazwi athi zokugcina yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kanye ephelele kakhulu, ohlakaniphe kunazo futhi eyingqabavu okwamanje. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa izibankwakazi - ezihuquzelayo, linqoba Emhlabeni eminyakeni million 200 edlule, noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile, amagama abo.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla lwamakhosi

igama Dinosaur uhumusha kusuka lesiGreki ngokuthi "izibankwa ezimbi." ezihuquzelayo sidilizwa sake samanje umqhele indalo, beyizidalwa eziphakeme kunazo zonke ukuthuthukiswa ezihuquzelayo. Ayebusa ibhola iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100 million, asele amakhosi ongenambangi bezwe. Lezi zidalwa baba baningi, ahlukahlukene. Akulona umphefumulo ngesikhathi ophawule wathi akumele kuqhathaniswe ne izibankwa ezimbi.

Drama imvelaphi, ukuvelela ukushabalala izibankwakazi yavusa umcabango isintu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abantu baye bafunda mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu okubizwa ngokuthi Omkhulu Age of Awezinyoka. Lezi zilwane Namanje Ngokutadisha ngokucophelela, lokuqoqa izinto nokuthola izinsalela zamathambo ezingasho. On izimbangela kokufa izibankwakazi lwamakhosi, kuze kube muva nje, akazange sakhiwa umbono olulodwa, futhi manje kulesi sihloko njalo agqoke mpikiswano ngokwesayensi.

Nasi taxonomy

Dinosaurs (izithombe amagama okusesihlokweni esithi), kanye nezilwane yesimanje, ayikwazi kubhekwe ososayensi nemiyalezo. Ukuze ulahleke ezihlukahlukene amagundane, izinyoka, izindlovu, amakati, amaxoxo, mabhungane, Izazi ekugcineni zonke izilwane ayehlukaniswe amaqembu athile, njengoba bawandlale "emashalofini". Ngayinye yalezi amaqembu ihlanganisa izidalwa, efana nomunye isakhiwo kanye nemvelaphi.

Iqembu main kwezilwane zazo, ngokuhlanganisa sebuningini abantu ezifanayo. zinhlobo ehlobene zib izizukulwane, noma superfamily. Rod, esikhundleni salokho, simunye umndeni; umndeni - amayunithi; Amabutho - abasemakilasini, futhi amakilasi - ezinhlotsheni. Ngokwesibonelo, imibono yethu nawe - nomuntu onokuqonda, okuyinto inhlobo abantu emndenini uhlobo lwenkawu olungavamile. Asibona abobusuku oda wezinkawu, ezincelisayo, naphakathi ukumela isigaba yezilwane ezinomgogodla subtype of uhlobo kuzithinta. Nayi logic elula!

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphandle taxonomy ukwenza akunakwenzeka. Uma kungenjalo, ungathola udidekile, ngoba manje emhlabeni kunezigidi ezimbalwa zinhlobo ezahlukene kwezilwane, kuba amoeba, futhi worm, futhi fly, kanye nabantu. Ngokufanayo, systematics isebenza nge ezihuquzelayo ngokuthi izibankwakazi. Izinhlobo kanye namagama lezi zidalwa ezihlala nangenkathi ezahlukene, ezahlukene kakhulu. Bonke kubonise kafushane okushiwo ukuziphatha noma izilwane, kanye timphawu tesakhiwo yayo.

Vele ingangqubuzani ulimi!

Njengomthetho, amagama esayensi kwezilwane ezithile umsindo engajwayelekile engumshumayeli elula, futhi ezinye zazo akunakwenzeka ukuba amemezele. Lokhu kuyaqondakala: basuke ngokwesiko esashiwo e-Latin noma izilimi ngesiGreki. Ngokwesibonelo, igama dinosaur ngokuvamile ibonisa izici Sakhiwo sangaphandle lezi zilwane noma izibopho zomkhaya izilwane kuchwepheshe (sezilwane, wezilwane, a Isazi) wayazi ngokushesha iziphi ubhekene nezinkinga.

Inhlanzi-isibankwa pangolin giant

Igama izibankwakazi, ezimweni eziningi kuyinto ebalulekile okuyingxenye - "Zavriev": Allosaurus, Brontosaurus, ichthyosaur, Tyrannosaurus, njll Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "Brontosaurus" lihunyushwa ngokuthi giant, isibankwa omkhulu (bheka isithombe ngezansi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, Brontesom okuthiwa omunye Cyclopes - Greek imidondoshiya wasenganekwaneni. Igama elithi "ichthyosaur" lihunyushwa lisuselwa ngolimi lwesiGreki njengendlela "ihtios" inhlanzi Izigcikilisha - inhlanzi, a "Zavriev" - isibankwa. Kulokhu, igama lesi silwane zasolwandle usibonisa ukubukeka kwayo.

Sobakozub

Ngezinye izikhathi amagama izibankwa ezimbi ungathola elithi "Dont 'noma' Don '. Ilihumusha ngokuthi izinyo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye kunazo owaziwa kuleli qembu izibankwakazi Cynodont. Lokhu izibankwa oyisilima, okuyizinto amadlozi ezincelisayo yesimanje. Igama la izibankwakazi ithumba okushiwo Ukwakheka kohlelo kwamazinyo, futhi uhumusha njengoba sobakozub "tsinos" - inja "Dont" - izinyo.

Flying dinosaur

Igama izibankwakazi wathatha lifika esibhakabhakeni, kukhona i engavamile ingxenye ingxenye - dactyl. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi lesiLatin elithi "daktilos" kusho umunwe. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke ezindizayo dinosaur Yiqiniso, a pterodactyl. Enguqulweni Russian lokhu paltsekryl: lasendulo lesiGreki elithi "pteron" - lokhu iphiko.

Ngobani zuhii?

Ngokuvamile igama dinosaur kuhlanganisa igama ongaziwa "zuhiya". Ngomqondo onabile, lapha futhi, akukho nzima. Le ngxenye ingxenye ngokuvamile kufakwe isihloko ezihuquzelayo ezimbiwa phansi: mesosuchia, eozuhiya, pseudosuchian, pastozuhiya njll Ngakho ugcobe izingwenya lasendulo noma izilwane efanayo phezu kwabo njengakithi igama lesiGreki elithi "zuhos" lasendulo - ingwenya.

Tiran phakathi izibankwakazi

Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuba indiva izibankwakazi emhlabeni ethandwa kakhulu - Tyrannosaurus Rex. Yena eziningi izihlobo zakhe - a izibankwakazi okuzingela. Amagama lezi zilwane ukhulume bokuphakama zabo phezu nezinye izilwane, njengoba uma ukuthweswa umqhele yalezi izibankwa. Igama elithi "Tyrannosaurus" lihunyushwa lisuselwa isiGreki njengoba isibankwa-nkosi "tiranos" - nkosi, nkosi.

lozalo ezihuquzelayo

Njengoba wazi, ezihuquzelayo ukumela esihlukile yezilwane ezinomgogodla zihlukaniswe subclasses ezahlukene. Endala kakhulu futhi iqembu bakudala kakhulu ezihuquzelayo kuyinto anapsid subclass. Kwezazi baye baphetha ngokuthi akukho anapsid omele akazange aphile isikhathi eside kuze kube kulesi sikhathi samanje, futhi owokugcina nababamele seziqothuliwe ngisho yizigidi ezingu-200 edlule!

Kusukela legatsha impande anapsid ahlukaniswe, babiza Synapsid. Lokhu subclass we ezihuquzelayo lasendulo, kwezazi ubheke okhokho bethu - amadlozi ezincelisayo yesimanje, ukuze umuntu ahlala kulo. Ngeshwa, Synapsid futhi yokuqothulwa, futhi akazange aphile usadlondlobele abayinzalo yakhe.

Lena enye subclass ezihuquzelayo lasendulo, ehlukanisiwe kumila lasendulo isiqu - subclass anapsid. Lokhu legatsha sehlukaniswe abanye ababili - archosaurs futhi lepidosauria. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa izingwenya, izibankwakazi ezindizayo, futhi izwe, kwesibili - namanje tuatara uyaphila, izibankwa izinyoka. Ngu lepidosauria kakade yokuqothulwa zasemanzini dinosaur ngezithombe izintamo eside, nabizelwa plesiosaurs.