Igumbi le-eustoma: likhula futhi linakekele ekhaya

Igama elithi "eustoma" lihunyushwe ngokuqondile kusuka kwisiLatini ngokuthi "umlomo omuhle" noma "ukukhuluma kahle". Imbali enhle inegama lamanye amaningana asetshenziswe emazweni ahlukene nasezindaweni ezihlukene: Lisianthus (Lisianthus - imbali ebuhlungu), i-Texan bell, i-Irish noma yaseJapane rose.

Isitshalo sendlu ye-eustoma, esithombeni sayo singabonakala kuhlanganiswe kwezinguquko ku-floriculture, ingomndeni wakwa Gorekavkov. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-eustoma izalwa ezindaweni eziseningizimu eNyakatho Melika, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho eNingizimu Melika, iziqhingi zaseCaribbean naseMexico. AmaNdiya aseMelika anomlando okhuluma ukuthi okokuqala lo mbala waqhamuka ethuneni lentombazane engenacala eyahlukunyezwa emoyeni wempi. Ubuhle obuqhoshayo benqaba ukuba ngumthandi wakhe.

Kubantu baseYurophu eustoma yavula i-botanist yase-Ireland nodokotela uPatrick Brown. Kuyinto ethandwa phakathi kwabaflorisi njengembali yokusika, njengoba i-eustoma ingahlala emgodini ngamanzi kuze kube yizinsuku ezingamashumi amabili, futhi njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ukukhula kwangaphakathi. Ngendlela yokugcina, imbali iye yahlonywa kusukela phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili ekhulwini lokugcina.

Abalimi abaningi baphupha ukuthi endlini yabo i-eustoma ekhululekile yaqhakaza. Ukukhula nokunakekela lesi sitshalo kubangela imibuzo eminingi ngisho naphakathi kwabathandi bezintambo abanolwazi. Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukuphendula. Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwengu-60 zalesi sitshalo, ezihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana anomgomo.

Uhlobo lokulima:

• Imifula emide, ejwayele ukutshala engadini kanye nasezindlini zasendlini;
• Ukukhula kwangaphakathi, izinhlobo ezincane zokukhula zifanelekile.

Ngokuba isikhathi semifino:

• Izitshalo zonyaka zifanelekela abathandi, ngoba kulula ukukhula;
• Unyaka oneminyaka emibili;
• Izinhlobo ezingapheli azikho.

Uhlobo lombala:

• Okulula;
• Terry.

Incazelo yesitshalo

I-eustoma ineziqu ezinamandla, ezingasemhlabathini ovulekile zingafinyelela emitha yokuphakama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zinhle kakhulu, njenge-carnation. Cishe kusukela phakathi, izitshalo ziqala ukushayela, ziphenduke zibe yizimbali eziningi, zifake iziqu ezifinyelela ku-35, eziqhakaza ngamunye.

Amaqabunga e-eustoma yi-lanceolate-oval, matte, njengokungathi ifakwe emthunzini ompunga noma ompunga. Ikomidi lembali lijulile futhi likhulu, elifakwe emasongweni. Izimbali zingaba yi-terry futhi zilula (kuye ngokuthi yizinhlobonhlobo), zidwetshwe nge-shades ehlukene - i-lilac, i-pink, i-purple, i-white, i-monochrome noma nomngcele ogqamile.

Lapho ihlumela livulekile ingxenye, lifana ne-rose, lapho imbali ivuleka ngokuphelele, iba njenge-poppy enhle kakhulu. Ezimweni zemvelo, i-eustoma iyisitshalo esineminyaka emibili ubudala, ekuhlungeni izingadi ngokuvamile kuvamile.

Okuphawulekayo kokukhula

Abalimi abaningi bezimbali nabalimi banesithakazelo embali ye-eustoma. Indlela yokukhula ngayo, aziwa wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke sifuna ukwabelana nawe ezinye zezimfihlo zalesi sitshalo:

• I-Eustomomy idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo kodwa okusabalalisa;
• Isitshalo sidinga umhlabathi ohlanganisa izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-humus ne-peat;
• I-Eustoma iyancipha ngembewu, ngoba izihlahla azihlwanyeli, ngaphandle kwesimiso sezitshalo ezincane kakhulu asibekezelelani ukuhlukaniswa;
• Ukunisela isitshalo kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi ibe ngamamitha amabili ejulile enhlabathini;
• Musa ukufakelwa kabusha i-eustoma: izimpande zawo ngeke zihlupheke ukufakelwa;
• I-eustoma yekamelo, isithombe osibona ngezansi, siqhakaza kangcono ekamelweni elihle.

Ukulima kusuka imbewu

Isitshalo esingenakuqhathaniswa kahle siyi-eustoma ekhululekile. Ukukhula nokuzinakekela - umsebenzi usebenza kahle, isikhathi esiningi. Noma kunjalo, labo abaqaphela inqubo enzima, kuyoletha injabulo yangempela. Izimbali zendlu eustoma ekhaya zikhula imbewu yazo, okuyinto efiselekayo ukuthenga esitolo esikhethekile. Inkimbinkimbi yale nqubo yukuthi imbewu ye-eustoma incane kakhulu: ngogremu owodwa aqukethe izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-23. Imbewu, ethengwe esitolo, isetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile, ukuthuthukisa ukuhluma.

Igumbi lika-Eustoma: ukukhula nokuzilungisa

Hlwanyela imbewu ekhaya kumele kube yingxenye yokuqala kaDisemba. Uma wenza lokhu ngalesi sikhathi, ekupheleni kuka-Agasti ama-buds akho azohluma, okungeke ususe amehlo akho kuwo. Ukutshala, izinkomishi ezilahlayo ziyasetshenziswa. I-substrate kumele ibe yinto evulekile, ene-peat component. Inhlabathi enhle ngokufaka ukakhukhunathi.

Imbewu ihlelwe phezu kwenhlabathi, eyandulela amanzi, bese ichithelwa. Emva kwalokho, izinkomishi kufanele zihlanganiswe nefilimu, futhi zidluliselwe endaweni efudumele (+25 ° C). Kanye ngosuku, ifilimu isusiwe emaminithini ambalwa ukuze iqhume, futhi inhlabathi iyaswakanyiswa. Ingxenye eyodwa nengxenye kuya kwamasonto amabili kamuva, unikeza amahlumela okuqala eustoma ekhululekile. Ukulima nokunakekelwa kusuka kuleli phuzu kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Susa ifilimu, futhi ngaphezu kwamahlumela amancane abeka isibani endaweni ephakeme engaphezu kuka-35 cm. Uma izithombo sezifinyelele ku-15 cm ukuphakama, zingatshala eziqukathi ezingunaphakade. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibhodlela le-ceramic lifanelekile. Ngezansi, ungqimba lwamanzi ayi-3-4 cm okusakazwa (ubumba obwandisiwe). Khona-ke isitsha sigcwele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, singayishiyi enqenqemeni eliphezulu ngamamentimitha amathathu.

Ukunakekela

Imbali ye-eustoma inhle kakhulu, ihlanganiswe nezimbali eziningi namafihlekile. Ukumnakekela ekhaya akuyona into elula ngesinye sezizathu: lesi sitshalo sidinga kakhulu ukukhanya okukhanyayo nomoya omusha. Lesi sidingo singahlangana ngokufaka ibhodlela le-eustoma ewindini langasempumalanga noma langasentshonalanga ekamelweni lapho kungenzeka khona ukugcina izinga lokushisa lika-19-22 ° C, ngokushelela njalo.

Ukufafaza ku-eustoma akunakwenzeka, njengoba lokhu kungabangela izifo zamaqabunga. Phakathi nokwakheka kwefihlekile kanye ne-eustoma ejulile enezinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi zamanzi, ngesilinganiso se 10 ml ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi. Kuyadingeka ukususa izimbali ezifakwe emthini ngesikhathi esithile. Landela le mithetho elula, futhi i-eustoma izokujabulisa ngezinsuku ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye zezimbali eziphindaphindiwe.

Ukunisela

Kusobala ukuthi awubekezeli ukumile komhlabathi, lezi zimbali zasendlini. I-Eustoma, ukunakekelwa ekhaya okubandakanya ukuchelela njalo, amanzi asemanzini asesaba, ngakho-ke moisten inhlabathi kufanele yenziwe kuphela emva kokuba ungqimba oluphezulu lumile. Lesi sitshalo siphuziswa emthonjeni, sizama ukungatholi amanzi emaqabunga, ezindaweni ezipholile ezipholile zingabangela izifo ze-fungal.

Ukushisa

Ukukhula kwe-lisianthus lokushisa kwelanga elihle kubhekwe + 20-25 ° C, nasebusuku - akukho ngaphezu kuka -15 ° C. Uma kunokwenzeka, ebusika, imbali idluliselwa egumbini elinokushisa kwe-+10 ° C.

Izimfihlo zezimbali

Ngokuvamile, abaqalayo banesithakazelo sokuthi kungani imbali ekamelweni ikhula kancane. Ukulima nokunakekela lesi sitshalo esihle kakhulu kufihla ezinye izimfihlo:

• Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokuphuza, cwilisa kusuka esitokisini sokudonsa;
• Ngakho-ke ukuthi lesi sitshalo siqhakaze kakhulu, sigcine izinga lokushisa elidingekile futhi livame ukuvuselela igumbi;
• Uma itholakala embali yezinambuzane, qhubekela ekwelashweni ngokushesha, ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwazo kwezinye izitshalo.

Ukunakekelwa emva kokuqhakaza

Lapho i-efflorescence eustoma, izitshalo zayo kufanele zinqunywe ukuze kungabi khona ama-internode amathathu kuwo, futhi isitshalo sidluliselwa ekamelweni elipholile (+ 10 ° C). Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula, lesi sitshalo asivami ukuphuza, futhi ukudla kume ngokuphelele. Entwasahlobo, emva kokuvela kwamahlumela amasha, fakela i-eustoma ngokucophelela (nge-transshipment) ibe umhlabathi omusha wezakhi bese uqala ukuphuza nokunakekelwa njalo.

Izimbali zangaphakathi ze-eustom (ukunakekelwa): kungani i-ovari yoma?

Le nkinga inesithakazelo kubaflorisi abaningi. Kubonakala sengathi yonke imithetho yokunakekela lesi sitshalo iyabonwa, futhi iveza i-ovary. Kunezizathu eziningana zalesi senzakalo. Nazi ezinye ezimbalwa zazo.

1. Lesi sitshalo simi ku-draft. Ngesikhathi sokushayela umoya, umoya obandayo ungabangela ukuwa kwefihlekile, kanye nokufa kwamaqabunga. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbali kufanele isuswe e-windows sill.
2. Ukunisela, amanzi abanda kakhulu asetshenzisiwe: kumele kube yindawo, ithambile, ekamelweni lokushisa.
3. Awukwazi ukufakelwa isitshalo ngesikhathi lapho sesiqhakaze noma sithatha amahlumela. Ngisho nakancane, ekuboneni kokuqala, ukulimala ohlelweni lwempande kubangela ukucindezeleka, ngenxa yalokho hhayi kuphela i-ovary, kodwa futhi nezimbali ziyawa.
4. Esinye isizathu singase sibe yomoya ophansi umswakama ekamelweni. Ukuze ukwandise, uhlanza umoya ngokuzungezile ngesitshalo, ungavumeli umswakama ungene izimbali nezifihlekile.
5. Uma kungenzeka ukukhanya okwanele kwe-photosynthesis kunciphisa emaqabunga, okugcina ekuholela ekuwa kwe-buds. Ngezinye izikhathi, kubonakala sengathi basesezoqeda, kodwa lokhu akukwenzeka.
6. I-ovary ingawoma futhi ekushiseni okuphezulu emoyeni ekamelweni. Ama-blooms e-Eustoma kanye nesikhathi eside ujabulisa ubuhle bawo ekushiseni kwezinga eliphakathi kuka -12 kuya ku -15 ° C.
7. Isizathu se-ovaries esiwelayo singase sibe izinambuzane: izibungu zesicabucabu, i-whiteflies, i-thrips, i-scutes.

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-eustoma yangaphakathi iyakwazi ukungena kumangqamu angamafungumane, okuyinto abasakazekayo izifo ze-fungal, i-fusarium wilt, i-powdery isikhutha kanye ne-gray gray. Ngenkathi yokutshala isitshalo, ngezikhathi ezithile uphefisa ukuvimbela ukuvimbela izikhukhula ezikhethekile. Kodwa uma usathola izinambuzane, ungabeki isikhathi sokuphuza. Izidakamizwa ezilandelayo ziyasebenza: Saprol, Topsin, Mospilan, Fitoverm, Confidor. Ukufafaza kwenziwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3.

Njengoba ubona, isitshalo esingenakuqhathaniswa nesimo se-eustoma esincane. Ukukhula nokulondla kuyoba nomnikazi wemikhakha ethile, kodwa kholwa kimi, uzobe uvuzwe umphumela omuhle lapho ukhula lwe-eustoma.