Kanjani ukuze uhlole umdlavuza? Kungakanani okufanele ihlolwe umdlavuza futhi lapho ukuba bahlolelwe?

Eminyakeni yamuva, umdlavuza sekwande kakhulu. Izimbangela pathologies ezahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yofuzo, abampofu ukudla izinga, imvelo abampofu. Uma usola i-umdlavuza ochwepheshe batusa ukuba uvakashele esibhedlela futhi lapho ethola ukuthi unesifo.

izincomo eziningana key

Kanjani ukuze uhlole umdlavuza? Ukuze lapho udokotela kufanele uxhumane? Lezi kanye nezinye eziningi imibuzo ebuzwa ngabantu usola Oncology ngesikhathi. Okokuqala, kufanele wenze aphoyintimenti nge onguchwepheshe. Udokotela othile osebenzelana ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo umdlavuza, ibizwa ngokuthi i oncologist. Ngingakwenza kanjani bahlolelwe umdlavuza kulolu cwaningo? Udokotela sizohlola, linqume ukuhlolwa laboratory. Uma kudingekile, udokotela uyoncoma ibhekane ultrasound, computed tomography, mammography nezinye izindlela zokuxilonga, kuye ngokuthi indawo okuhloswe yesimila. Lokubaluleke kakhulu kukhona imiphumela yokuhlolwa yase-laboratory, njengoba lwahlolwa ukuze khona umdlavuza kusaqalwa can, bephumelele ukuhlaziywa esivamile isimila iziphambano. Phela lezi zenzakalo Uchwepheshe esenqumile isidingo biopsy. Ngesikhathi inqubo, obuncane izicubu esithathwayo luhlolo histological. Le ndlela, ngokusho kongoti eziningi, iyona ndlela enembile kakhulu ngoba uyayazi imbangela. Biopsy lembula, okuyindawo eyilungu amaseli lwesimila. Inqubo wenziwa ngaphansi izinzwa wendawo, ngokuphazamiseka kangako kubangela. Phela lezi manipulations kuyokhanya, kukhona umdlavuza noma cha.

okumelwe ngabe mina ihlolwe kangaki?

Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi kusaqalwa kakhulu, lapho ubukhulu izimila incane futhi engenzi ubuthi imikhiqizo umzimba zokuwohloka, ukuxilongwa zamanga kungenziwa isungulwe. Uma inkinga iqhubeka, ungakwazi bahlolelwe futhi. Njengoba umdlavuza angahlolwa ngoba ngokuhamba evamile lokuhlolwa isimiso, kuyancomeka ukuba uvakashele udokotela kanye ngonyaka ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-iminyaka engamashumi amane, futhi ngemva kwalokho - kabili ngonyaka (ngokungabi bikho izikhalazo). Luhlolo Zokuzivikela kuzoveza zokugula emazingeni amenable yokwelapha.

Kungani ukuxilongwa?

Isikhathi esichithwe kuthiwa ukuhlolwa kwezinsana umdlavuza abakwazi kuphela ukusindisa izimpilo kodwa futhi ukuvimbela ukwehla izinga. Yingakho ochwepheshe batusa ukuba zihlolwe futhi ihlolwe ukuthi iyasebenza njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uphethwe kakhulu kwandisa nekusebenta izinyathelo zokwelapha uma kuphakama isidingo. Kwentuthuko yamuva e-yezokwelapha ensimini ukuthola pathologies wenziwa ngokushesha nangokunembile. Iziguli zazisadinga kuphela isimo sempilo yakhe.

Ngingalutholaphi bahlolelwe umdlavuza?

Ngaphandle imitholampilo evamile futhi izibhedlela, kukhona ezikhethekile umdlavuza isikhungo. Cishe wonke amadolobha amakhulu eRussia zikhona izinhlangano ezinjalo. E-Moscow, isibonelo, ukuhlolwa umdlavuza kwenziwe "umtholampilo European" (SPC Oncology yesimanje nokuhlinzwa, ezitimeleni Tula), Oncology Isibhedlela City № 62 (metro Tushinskaya) multidisciplinary Umtholampilo "Union" (m. Sokolniki, Electrozavodskaya) nezinye izikhungo. Kuphi ukuba bahlolelwe umdlavuza izingane? E-Moscow ngo-2011, kwathiwa wavula ezikhethekile Scientific Oncological Centre of ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Lokhu umtholampilo kubhekwa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe ifakwe kanye elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu.

Ubani okufanele bahlolwe?

Kwasekuqaleni, ukuvakashela oncologist Kunconywa ukuba abantu ukuwela "iqembu ingozi". Lezi zihlanganisa abesifazane amadoda aneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55, ngokuvamile utshwala intuthu, ukhuluphele. Kufanele bahlolwe bese nalabo abahlukumeza izibiliboco, uhlale solarium kanye ilanga ngaphandle kokufaka isicelo umuthi ongakuvikela ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukuhlolwa ezinconyiwe nabantu umsebenzi ongaphakeme ngokomzimba. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo lo ngofuzo (zofuzo) nezici ezithile. Uma othile evela emndenini ukuthi unomdlavuza, kufanele kuthathwe kanye ukunakwa konke okusemandleni akho ukuba isimo sempilo yakhe futhi uvakashelwa njalo kudokotela onguchwepheshe.

Kuyini ucwaningo?

Isimo precancerous ubhekwa kuyisandulela emdlavuzeni. Kuyadingeka ukuba abone ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Namuhla-ke ingaphezu kungenzeka, ngokusemandleni lwahlolwa ukuze umdlavuza kungafaniswa nokuthutha eklinikhi avamile futhi ngo-isikhungo ezikhethekile. Ukuze ukuthola olunembe kakhudlwana zokugula okwamanje isetshenziswa imishini yesimanje kunazo, ongoti abaqeqeshiwe. Examination, kuvame ukuthatha omunye izinsuku ezimbili. Kunenkolelo kusimo sinenkonzo yokunakekela iziguli emakhaya ngaphansi kweso lwezokwelapha ngokucophelela. Ngokusho imiphumela inhlolovo isiguli ithola ulwazi egcwele ngesimo sempilo yabo. Lo chwepheshe uyophinde aphendule yonke imibuzo yakho. Uma kudingeka, ukwelashwa ngokushesha ezinqunyiwe, isiguli uthola iziqondiso kanye nezincomo. Kungakanani okufanele ihlolwe umdlavuza? Amanani zincike ekutadisheni uhlu ukuhlolwa futhi izindlela zokuxilonga, okuzokwenza ukuncoma udokotela. Ngokwesilinganiso, inani inhlolovo izindleko kusuka 1.5 kuya Dollars ayizinkulungwane 3..

Iluphi uvivinyo kufanele ukusithatha Oncology?

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo cishe bonke ezivamile umdlavuza isungule izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuxilonga. Ikakhulukazi, udokotela angase oda mammogram. Lokhu webele cwaningo. Ukukhomba umdlavuza esibelethweni Kunconywa pap smear test. Ekuxilongeni ikholoni zokugula wahlola sezinyawo yokuhlola igazi nokulumba. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Jikelele umdlavuza kungahlanganisa nezinto eziningana. Ikakhulukazi, kutuswa ukuba unikele ngegazi (ukuhlaziywa ezinemininingwane), ibhekane i-MRI, CT scan (positron ekushayweni), gastroscopy futhi colonoscopy, a biopsy. Lo chwepheshe ingase futhi ukwabela nenshisekelo umnkantsha futhi uphenyo laparoscopic. Okubaluleke kakhulu e komdlavuza kuthatha ultrasound. Le nqubo ivame kusenza siqonde Dynamics ukuthuthukiswa zokugula. Ngokuvamile biopsy wenziwa ngaphansi CT noma ultrasound. cytogenetics Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi esimisiwe, ucwaningo Immuno futhi thoracoscopy (biopsy futhi kuhlolwe ngamehlo kwesifuba).

Yini eyenza lolo vivinyo lube igazi?

Ngo Oncology laboratory Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kungaba edidayo. Nokho, ukuhlolwa igazi liyadingeka. ukuhlaziywa Advanced kusivumela kutholakale izinga isimila nakomaka igunya ngamunye, ukusungula khona noma ukungabi khona amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni. Ngenxa konke okungenhla imisebenzi Uchwepheshe usungula ngokwezinga nemvelo kwezitho lesion kanye nezinhlelo, kanye khona foci futhi metastases. Ngenxa yalokho, le mishanguzo edingekayo ekhethelwe nesineke ngayinye.

Komdlavuza kwesifuba kanye pheshana emathunjini

Omunye lomdlavuza oluvamile kakhulu kuyinto umdlavuza wamaphaphu namuhla. Uma usola ukuthuthukiswa isimila kuyadingeka ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze abone udokotela. Indlela Ngisihlola umdlavuza wamaphaphu? Iziphi izinyathelo zokuxilonga angaqoka onguchwepheshe? Ithuluzi inhlolovo kuyingxenye esifubeni - X ray. Izifinyezo zikuvumela ukubona khona engeyokuqala noma neoplasm. Invisible ku radiographs izilonda ezincane itholwe ngenkathi scan CT. Uma isiguli sine-ukukhwehlela ephelezelwa phlegm, it is kuhlolwa ngesibonakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuba sitadishe futhi biopsy ka wamaphaphu izicubu. Kungaba kwenziwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ikakhulu, i-zalokho wamaphaphu izicubu isinqamu Udokotela angase esabizwa bronchoscopy - wamaphaphu isimo isheke usebenzisa tube ekhethekile mncane (bronchoscope) nge umthombo wokukhanya. I bronchoscope yethulwa ngqo ngalo ingaphakathi umzimba ngokusebenzisa amalaka. A biopsy engenziwa futhi indlela evulekile. Thoracoscopy ngokusebenzisa imbobo encane ukuthi senziwa base entanyeni. Udokotela ufaka ku amathuluzi mediastinum futhi kuthatha lymph izicubu ahlolwe. Indlela Ngisihlola umdlavuza wamathumbu? Uma usola i-umdlavuza endaweni pheshana emathunjini inikezwa colonoscopy. Ukusebenzisa uphenyo ekhethekile udokotela uhlola engaphakathi wamathumbu futhi zihlole isimo sakhe.

isiphetho

Imibono nompetha uphethwe zokuvimbela pathologies oncological kukhona edidayo kakhulu. ukuhlolwa Screening kakhulu ukunciphisa inani lokuhlongakala hlangana mass jikelele sabantu. Lokhu kungenxa, ikakhulukazi, ikhono ukuxilonga kusaqalwa isifo ngosizo imishini yesimanje. Kulokhu, kungenzeka indawo ye ukwelashwa okufanele, ukubabulala isiguli kusukela izimila. Nokho, kunobufakazi obubonisa ukuthi phakathi ucwaningo zokuvimbela wembula impela eningi izimila ingozi. Ngenxa yalokho ngokusebenzisa izindlela koda zokuxilonga lapho iziguli bavezwa ezingozini ezingadingekile. Namuhla kukhona impendulo ecacile futhi enembile yombuzo ngesidingo izivivinyo zokuvimbela. Okwamanje, imizamo zenziwa ukuze bathethelele izinzuzo zesayensi ngayinye yezindlela ekhona futhi ukusungula, lokho kubalulekile iqembu umcimbi Ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni.