Iyini indima yamanzi amangqamuzana omuntu

Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi kusuka ebuntwaneni wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amanzi efeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu kithi. Ukuhlanzeka, yokuhlanza, ukuphuza - esinye sezici ezibalulekile zokuphila lihlotshaniswa amanzi. Kancane kancane, ukutadisha ezweni, ingane ifunda mayelana nokuthi iyiphi indima yamanzi kuseli. Mhlawumbe kuphela kusukela leli phuzu kuyacaca ukuthi kukhulu kangakanani ukubaluleka kwayo: ngaphandle kwamanzi ungukuphila engacabangeki uqobo. Ngenxa impahla yayo, kuvumela ukusebenza eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

ukwakheka kwama-molecule

Iqhaza yamanzi impilo engqamuzaneni ungesinye ngqo okuhlobene izici yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu. Wonke umuntu uyazi formula uketshezi ayinhloko endikimbeni. Ngamunye molecule amanzi akhiwa eyodwa yomoya-mpilo-athomu kanye athomu amabili e-hydrogen. Basuke wajoyina ukuze zibe yisikhungo esisodwa ngenxa polar izibopho covalent, esekelwe ekwakhekeni ezivamile electron pair of athomu amabili. Isici nobuntu amangqamuzana amanzi kuyinto asymmetry yayo kagesi. umoya-mpilo-athomu electronegative ngaphezulu, it kakhulu edonsela electron zama-athomu ye-hydrogen. Umphumela - ezivamile offset namabhuzu electron ngase-mpilo-athomu.

dipole

Iyini indima yamanzi iseli incike izici esivela ketshezi. Ngenxa yalokho displacement ingqikithi pair of electron ke ozuza nokwehlukana. Ama-athomu amanzi libhekene izigxobo ezimbili: ngalinye libe athomu ye-hydrogen kancane has a icala omuhle futhi oxygen - ezingezinhle esinqunyiwe. Bebonke bakha i-molecule hlangothi.

Ngakho, iyunithi ngalinye kwesakhiwo simele dipole amanzi. Isici isakhiwo engqamuzaneni inquma ubunjalo ngobudlelwano phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene angomakhelwane. Kancane i-oksijini negative athomu hydrogen is bakhangwa athomu namanye amangqamuzana. Kwakheka therebetween okuthiwa i-hydrogen izibopho. Ngamunye molecule yamanzi ivame ukuba baxhumane ngale ndlela abane nomakhelwane bayo. Zonke ezicashile isakhiwo okukhulunywa kunqunywa indima begazi amanzi kuseli.

Izici

Hydrogen izibopho ukuthi kuyizinto ngoba amangqamuzana awuketshezi ezinqumweni eziningi izakhiwo zalo. Zokuxhumana phakathi oxygen ne-hydrogen-athomu omoya-ifa amandla akhethekile, isb ukuze ngiphule kubo, kufanele kusetshenziswe amandla umxhwele. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi has a high ukuvala abacaphuni futhi ukuncibilika vaporization. Phakathi izinto ezifanayo, amanzi - kuphela izidakamizwa ekhona emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo kuleli ezintathu zithi wokuhlanganisa. Iyini indima yamanzi yezinyoni, futhi kusekelwe ukuthi izici zayo.

Ukuxoxa izinto hydrophilic

Yikhono umuntu azalwa nalo amanzi izinhlayiya ukwakha hydrogen izibopho ivumela main lomzimba chaza compounds eziningi. Izinto ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi hydrophilic, okungukuthi "friendly" amanzi. Lezi zihlanganisa compounds ionic: nosawoti, acid lezisekelo. I izinto hydrophilic futhi nonionic ezingaphezu kokuba polarity. molecule awo aqukethe amaqembu icala. Lokhu amino acid, ushukela, alcohols elula nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali ezithile.
Iqhaza yamanzi umsebenzi cell ukudala imvelo kudingeka ukusheshisa zonke ukusabela. Isixazululo kufanekisela isimo ndaba lapho bonke zishintshe zayo Ungahambisa ngokukhululekile okuningi, isb iba reactability kakhulu kunaleyo ifomu ezivamile.

Ngenxa yalaba izakhiwo amanzi isibe naphakathi esiyinhloko ukugeleza iningi zamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibonelo, hydrolysis kanye lonke iqoqo izinqubo redox abazenzi kuphela iqhaza ngqo cell main ketshezi.

reagent

Iqhaza elikhulu lamanzi kumaseli zokuphila akunakuphikwa. Yena iqhaza kuzo zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, amanzi kubalulekile-photosynthesis. Omunye izigaba bayo, photolysis amanzi, bavele bahlale ngokwahlukana ama-athomu ye-hydrogen kanye ukuwafaka esikhathini okuholela kwakwakhe organic. Uma lokhu adedelwa emkhathini oxygen ikhishwe.

Indima amanzi kuseli kwabantu nezilwane elihlobene ne-sekushiwo hydrolysis ekubhujisweni izinto nge ukwengeza amanzi. Omunye ukusabela ebaluleke kakhulu lolu hlobo engqamuzaneni ungesinye ukubhidlika ATP molecule ethathwe ukukhululwa kwe amandla, esetshenziselwa nezinye izinqubo ezibalulekile.

Ukuxoxa izinto hydrophobic

Ezinye amaprotheni namafutha, futhi acid nucleic akuzona oncibilikayo emanzini nhlobo, noma inqubo kunzima kakhulu. Izinto ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi hydrophobic, okungukuthi amanzi "obunyantisayo". Indima amanzi esitokisini umzimba lihlotshaniswa ukuxhumana yayo nge lezi zakhi.

Ama-athomu amanzi labo abazokwazi uhlukanisa izinto hydrophobic kusukela uketshezi uqobo. Lokhu kukhipha okuthiwa esibonakalayo. Bona kwenziwe ukusabela eziningi zamakhemikhali. Ngakho, sibonga nokuxhumana phospholipids, zazo ulwelwesi cell, a bilayer lipid ezakhiwe amanzi.

ukushisa umthamo

Iqhaza begazi amanzi kuseli itholakala ukuzibandakanya yayo thermoregulation. Ukushisa ezithile amanzi siphakeme ngokwanele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi ukumuncwa lemali umxhwele bamandla ezishisayo lokushisa kwamanzi kuyahlukahluka kancane kuphela. Lesi sici sikusiza ukuba silondoloze lokushisa yayo njalo ngaphakathi engqamuzaneni, kubalulekile ukuba inkambo evamile izinqubo eziningi kanye nokugcinwa esimweni sangaphakathi.

ukusatshalaliswa Uniform ukushisa

Esinye isici esiyingqayizivele yamanzi - conductivity ezishisayo. Iphinde lisiza ekulondolozeni njalo imvelo yangaphakathi. Amanzi uyakwazi ngokudlulisela isamba umxhwele ukushisa kusukela ingxenye yomzimba, lapho overabundant kuya kwamangqamuzana nezicubu lapho awunazo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, thermoregulation kwenziwe futhi ngenxa le ukuhwamuka kwamanzi. Ukubandisa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ushintsho esimweni eyodwa kuya kwenye Kumelwe uliphule izibopho hydrogen. Futhi lokhu, njengoba sekushiwo, idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ezinkulu zamandla.

skeleton hydrostatic

Iqhaza yamanzi wokuphila yengqamuzana akugcini lapha. The main uketshezi lomzimba has esinye isici:-ke cishe akusho shwabanisa. Lesi sici ivumela amanzi ukuba abe skeleton hydrostatic yezinyoni. Amanzi kudala turgor ingcindezi, kanjalo ekutholeni izindawo amaseli anjalo nezicubu njengoba ngobuningi nokuqinisela. Kulula ukuqonda ukuthi yini indima amanzi kuseli, ngalo mqondo, uma ubheka izihlahla. Ukuma ajwayelekile amaqabunga owadalwa umfutho ophakeme kumaseli. Izibonelo ezinjalo emhlabeni uyaca organic. Ngokwesibonelo, ifomu ijwayelekile jellyfish noma roundworms inakekelwa futhi ngenxa skeleton hydrostatic. Ukulahlekelwa amaseli amanzi, ngokulandelana, kuholela izinqubo ephambene. Ucala reshaping: ukuncipha amaqabunga, izithelo shwabanisa, isikhumba ilahlekelwa umswakama waso.

Ukuhlanganyela izinto ethutha

La ma-molecule ngamanzi esebenzisa i-hydrogen izibopho labo abazokwazi hhayi kuphela exhunywe nomunye, kodwa futhi nezinye izinto. Ngenxa yalokhu nokuxhumana livela ebusweni ukungezwani udlala indima ebalulekile ukuthuthwa izinto emzimbeni. Ngakho, umphumela ubumbano (adhesion molecule bedle ka amandla adonsela phansi, futhi esimweni yamanzi - esebenzisa i-hydrogen izibopho) ukuhamba umsoco izitshalo capillary. Ngenxa yalesi impahla njengoba amanzi engena enhlabathini ngokusebenzisa izinwele impande simila.

Futhi, ebusweni ukungezwani amandla ivumela capillary ukugeleza kwegazi ezilwaneni nakubantu. Amanzi ehilelekile ukuhamba izinto futhi kukhuthaza imikhiqizo imfucuza.

It kuvela ukuthi impendulo yombuzo othi "uyini umsebenzi yamanzi yezinyoni?" Ingabe ngempela elula - likhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ukwakheka kwama-molecule ketshezi kungenzeka zonke izinqubo eziyisendlalelo, okungaphandle kwazo ekuphileni akunakwenzeka. Amanzi sithuthukisa reactivity izidakamizwa, isekela ukuma amaseli bese ezithweni ezithinteka ngokuqondile elungiselelweni kwabo bonke ezidingekayo, kuyingxenye ukusabela eziningi zamakhemikhali. Amanzi - umthombo wokuphila futhi neze isingathekiso. Zonke izinqubo ezinkulu umzimba ehambisana nayo, ke isisekelo sokuma nokuxhumana compounds ahlukahlukene. Kungenxa yokuthi lezi izakhiwo amanzi kungukuqiniseka Ofuna kwasekuqaleni ngesikhathi ekutadisheni kwamanye amaplanethi ngomzamo baqonde kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanelekile ukuphila.