Imali Chinese. imali Chinese: iziqu. imali Chinese: isithombe

Yuan ngemva umnotho Chinese yokukhula kakhulu kwandisa ukubaluleka kwayo emhlabeni. Ake sibone ukuthi yini izici ezinquma ngokombono global PRC lwemali.

Igama efanele lwemali

Yuan - okubizwa ngokuthi imali Chinese emhlabeni. Leli gama, Nokho, akusho ngempela ukufanisa umsindo lwemali kazwelonke e China uqobo. Esikhathini ezweni of imali yamaphepha Chinese abizwa ngokuthi nje kuphela ngekutsi "RMB" (ukuhumusha - "imali abantu"). Kodwa yuan - kuyinto ibizo, okusho isimiso imali. Kodwa ngobufushane futhi euphony we Igama lesi-Chinese kwaba ukunambitha lonke, ngokuyinhloko emazweni aseNtshonalanga.

Emacophelo ISO, esemthethweni lwemali uphawu - CNY. Omunye Yuan ( "RMB") uyalingana eziyikhulu fenyam (igama labo ngaphakathi China nakwezinye izindawo emhlabeni kuyafana). Futhi, "penny" zingahlanganiswa ku Jiao - ephindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kunomuntu okulingana (ezifana e-US "daimyo"). Ngakho, imali China ihlukaniswa kanje: 1 Yuan = 10 Jiao, okuyinto nsé 10 fenyam. Nokho, umkhuba, "penny" ezitolo Chinese kanzima ukuthola, kusukela basuke isuswe kwegazi. Okuvame kakhulu zemali imali kwelinye noma ezinhlanu Jiao. Futhi kule "metal" kuyinto yuan olulodwa.

umlando yuan

umlando Monetary e China sihlehlela emuva ayizinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka. Abalingiswa ngebizo elithi "izimpahla", "Thenga", ukudayiswa "," exchange "futhi ahlobene nawo ngokwencazelo yaleli, imithombo, khomba esikhathini endulo. Imali yokuqala ngomqondo evamile kwavela ezweni 5th ekhulwini BC. e. Okokuqala, ngesimo ingots zethusi (noma ngesimo elula izimpahla zasendlini - lokwela, ummese), khona-ke ayelapho zemali Chinese.

Imali esikhathini elihambisana ngenkathi ephakathi eYurophu, kanye amasampula zethusi abangu kulekelelwa phambili metal nesakhiwo, futhi kubandakanya imali yephepha ejikelezayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imali Chinese usebhekene "isiliva" Standardization, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili -. "Igolide" Lapho AmaKhomanisi athatha izintambo, Wabantu Bank of China yasungulwa. Yonke imali ezazisemizini kwegazi phakathi kwabantu, kuncike ukuhoxiswa kanye exchange e Renminbi - imali omusha waseChina, lezo "izikweletu zabantu." Impikiswano lwemali esisha lilawulwa nguhulumende.

inqubomgomo exchange rate

Kuze 1974, inani lokuhweba lesikhathi we yuan Chinese adayiswa, ngokuvamile abhekisela iphawundi, kodwa izingcaphuno ke ziye esetshenzisiwe kuqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika. Ngo-1994, uhulumeni waqala frost we Renminbi US yasebhange amanothi isilinganiso 8.27 kuya ku-1 Renminbi "buck", owathatha iminyaka engu-11. Lokhu kwabangela ukunganeliseki phakathi ezinye abalingani ukuhweba China, kuhlanganise nase-United States. Iziphathimandla Chinese aye abhekana nezingcindezi ngoba ukuxegiswa komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali, kusukela, ngokuvumelana abameleli kwamanye amazwe, ngenxa ongaphakeme exchange rate of the yuan, China kuyoba inzuzo ngezithukuthuku nakwentiwa. Lokhu eziyimbangela ngokwengxenye kuqinisekiswa izibalo: okungekuhle ukuhweba ukulingana -United States ne-China kudlulwe $ 160 billion ngonyaka ka-2004, futhi ngo-2005, waqhubeka wanda. Kodwa ngawo lowo nyaka, uhulumeni waseChina waqeda "okokuqandisa" of course. Nokho, njengoba kuphawulwe Ochwepheshe abathile, kusukela yuan wayesalokhu badedelwa ukuntanta ngokukhululekile, futhi busebenze ayengakwenza eyayenziwe aphansi.

Yuan kanye Rouble

nokubambisana Closer kwezomnotho phakathi Russia nase-China njalo ngonyaka ekuhlaba umxhwele abaningi. imali Chinese, igama labo kanye izici pronunciation - hhayi eseyintsha ngoba WaseRussia. EMoscow Beijing ukuhlela umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela kwi ezihlukahlukene izindawo emhlabeni wonke, ngakho konke ukuzibandakanya emkhakheni lwemali isiqondiso linendima ebalulekile ukuhweba nokubambisana phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Manje ruble futhi Chinese imali itleyimu ukufakwa yezinto ohlwini reserve zezimali, kodwa uma nje lokhu akwenzeki practice.

Eminyakeni yamuva, kuye kwaba umkhuba - zokuhlala mutual hhayi zamadola noma pound, kanye kazwelonke imali engamaphepha. Ngo-2010, i-ruble waqala adayiswa phezu Shanghai Stock Exchange, kanye yuan, esikhundleni salokho - kwi MICEX futhi RTS Ukuhwebelana. nabalawuli National babe nemiphumela ezahlukene kumigomo zokuhweba. Central Bank of China inomkhawulo kanzima ukuguquguquka we yuan phezu exchange isitokwe ngaphakathi 0.5%. Bank of Russia, njengoba umthetho, kuthinta ukuhweba usebenzisa lwemali ukungenelela. Yuan phakathi kwabahwebi kuyinto yokukhula isithakazelo, kukhona inthanethi thematic lapho ungakwazi ngokushesha ukuhumusha imali Chinese Russian ku nokukala imali kwamanje.

Ithemba lekusisa yuan

Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi RMB exchange rate ngokumelene zezimali angaphandle bengahlonishwa, ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukutshala Chinese yasebhange nothi ukulindela ukuthi uyakuvuka esikhathini esizayo. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa lwemali yokuhweba, the yuan uma likhula, akusiyo okushesha njengokungena singathanda zimali. Ngokwesibonelo, maqondana ruble, ochwepheshe wathi, ukwazisa RMB eminyakeni yamuva kuye kuboniswe ukukhula yonyaka isilinganiso cishe 8%.

Mayelana inzuzo efanayo angaletha imali ebhange njalo. Bezimali ukutshala izimali zami kule yuan kuphela Kunconywa ezimweni ezithile. Okokuqala, kungcono ngaso amakhambo waqobe ukuya China. Okwesibili, yuan angabhekwa "njengendawo yokulondoloza" lwemali diversify iphothifoliyo utshalomali. Okwesithathu, imali RMB ku nemibandela amabhange Russian may kahle isithakazelo kanye Chinese ngokwabo, abeza kwezokuvakasha noma ibhizinisi eRussia.

Yuan kanye dollar

Ubudlelwano we yuan kanye main emhlabeni lwemali ngokusobala incike indlela izinto ezizokwenzeka ngayo ukuthuthukisa ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwamazwe kokukhipha imali. Enye yezinto - kwenqwaba reserves zezimali China aphethwe zamadola. Okuningi kuxhomeke ekutheni Chinese uzoqhubeka ubambe exchange angaphandle izinqolobane ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo ekhona, noma ungathanda diversify iphothifoliyo. Inhloko ye-Central Bank of China lizwakalise lo mbono ngokuthi ezingeni olusemthethweni - ukuthi zigcine yezwe ngeke aqukethe kuphela aseMelika. Ulwazi cindezela sengathi China uya ukuthengisa angaba ngu- $ 2 isigidintathu "zamadola" kusukela 3,04 ekhona isigidintathu esivuna ukudluliselwa kwamanye amafa akuhlobene US "oluhlaza." Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni wase-China kuphela uzama ukuxoxisana izimo oyithandayo ngoba yuan Chinese ujike imali ibe lwemali reserve belingana dollar.

I yuan njengendlela lwemali global

Izinhloso uhulumeni waseChina ukwenza yuan a zezimali ezinkulu zomhlaba, izazi zikholelwa kungenziwa okusekelwe nsuku ayisisekelo. Abanye abahlaziyi zezimali alindele ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, isabelo namanye amazwe ukuthengiselana namanye amazwe, China e RMB lingadlula 30%. Ukuvela lesi sibalo umxhwele: manje eduze 20%, kanti eminyakeni emine edlule kwaba 3%.

Ezinyangeni zokuqala ka-2014, ukwazisa RMB Kulinganiselwa bezimali wathatha 7 th indawo uhlu zezimali ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngaphambi, ikakhulukazi i-franc Swiss. Kukhona ukubaluleka elikhulayo ukutshalwa RMB njengoba IChina beba more evulekile eya ezimakethe zomhlaba. Okusanda eLondon lapho iphrojekthi ahlangene Bank of England ne-China - isikhungo isiphetho lenhlangano we yuan. Ochwepheshe alindele ukuthi imali Chinese iyoba uhlobo lwemali abalulekile ezingeni emhlabeni, kodwa asipheli yokuthi ngeke esikhundleni dollar.

RMB ngaphandle China

lwemali Chinese iyaqala okumele asetshenziswe izikhandle kakhudlwana ekufuneni e ngidayisa amasheya, amabhondi, futhi njengoba ezinye kwezezimali. Lokhu kuthambekela luyokhula bazolokhu ngaphezulu yuan bangaba lwemali Convertible. RMB ukwazisa isakhiwa kwamanye amazwe, "Chinese" Umlando wakhe omfushane: Hong Kong (lapho ingxenye imali safinyelela 12% lwemali China, kanti 2008 -% 1 kuphela), Taiwan, Singapore. Esikhathini yokugcina amazwe amabili abe izikhungo sogu lolwandle yohwebo yuan. Muva nje, Yabantu Bank of China futhi Central Bank of Germany yasayina isivumelwano ku nemizana lwemali Chinese.

Ukubaluleka zombusazwe yuan

IChina obonwa ochwepheshe abaningi, injini eyinhloko umnotho wembulunga yonke. China manje ukhiqiza, kuncike ngezizathu ukubala, 10-15% womkhiqizo okhandwe yiNingizimu emhlabeni. Inwebisa ithonya kwezomnotho of China, futhi ngaleyo ndlela umthelela izinqubo zezepolitiki, kuhlobane ngokuqondile komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali zikahulumeni. Bezimali zikholelwa ukuthi mancane amathemba kulendawo kuxhomeke ezicini ezintathu.

• Okokuqala, ingabe lo jikelele - ukusetshenziswa lwemali njenge thuluzi yokukhuluma futhi ukubaluleka zokuhlala ohlelweni kwemali ngamazwe.
• Okwesibili, lokhu convertibility - degree of ukulawula notshwala futhi yiziphethu dolobha.
• Okwesithathu, kuba ukusetshenziswa amabhange angaphandle lwemali reserve.

On kanjani uhulumeni waseChina kuzohlanganisa eziza kuqala kulezi zindawo kuncike amathemba yuan njengoba ithuluzi ithonya lezombangazwe.