Imephu engqondweni: umqondo, ucwaningo, izici

Iyini ibalazwe engqondweni, ukuthi licwaningwe kanjani, libhekene nokuthi liyiphi indima edlala emqondweni wengqondo yomuntu - ngalokhu kulesi sihloko.

Yimaphi amabalazwe okungaqondakali?

Umuntu, ukuguqulwa emhlabeni, ukuguqula ngentshiseko futhi ahlakulele kuye lezo zimfanelo ezidingekayo kanye nokuziphatha okuzomsiza ukuba aphumelele ngempumelelo. Konke okwenzekayo, okuyinto isihloko esithintekayo nalokho akuguqulayo, kuba yisisekelo sokubonakala kwezithombe zakhe zemvelo yakhe. Lesi sithombe imephu engqondweni. Njengomuntu uqobo, ibalazwe liyi-subjective futhi libonisa izixhumanisi ezihambisanayo kuphela nesimo esiphathelene nezinto ezithombeni esisodwa.

Imephu yokuqonda (noma i-schema cognitive) inezixhumanisi zayo zendawo (phezulu, ngezansi, njll) lapho izinto zikhona khona. Imephu ibaluleke kakhulu kumuntu, imvumela ukuba ahambe esikhaleni, abeke umgomo futhi awufinyelele. Umsebenzi osebenzayo womuntu uyoba nzima noma awunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuboniswa kwemvelo asebenza kuyo.

Ibalazwe eliyinkimbinkimbi ayakhiwa kuphela kubantu abadala abanenkulumo ethuthukile kanye nekhono lokuzibona. Izingane ezincane njengoba zifunda indawo yokuhlala zingaqondiswa kuyo ngaphandle kosizo olungaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mfanelo ihambelana nezilwane, ezitholakala enkambeni yomsebenzi wokuhlola nabangokwengqondo.

Umsuka womqondo

Umqondo "webalazwe engqondweni" kwaphakanyiswa isazi sezengqondo saseMelika u-E. Tolman. Lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-40 ekhulwini lama-20. Emisebenzini yakhe "Ibalazwe leCognitive eRats and Man," wanikeza imiphumela yocwaningo ngalesi simo. Ngakho-ke, isazi sezokwelapha sabona ukuthi amagundane, abekwe ku-labyrinth futhi athola indlela eya emgodleni wokudla, angaphinda ngendlela efanayo ngokubhukuda. Ngakho-ke, benza ngokuvumelana nemephu yangaphakathi, iphethini yezimoto.

Uhlelo olunjalo lwakhula kubantu abanikezwa yi-psyche, ngesisekelo se-experience yangaphambilini. Iqukethe imizila, ukuhlangana kwezici zemvelo, okuthinta ukuziphatha komuntu noma isilwane. Umcwaningi ukholelwa ukuthi emagumbini okuhlola isithombe sakhiwa, uhlelo lwezinto ezihlobene, hhayi nje ngekhanda ukwenziwa kwezenzo ezidingekile. Ukwakha ukufana kwengqondo yebalazwe, uTolman uphakamise ukuvala amehlo akhe futhi ucabange ukuthi zingaki amafasitela asegumbini eyaziwayo.

Amabalazwe ka-Tolman's theory kufanele aqondwe njengokuqondisa, ngokucacile futhi ahlukanise nawo ohlelweni lokufanekisa olwenziwa ngumuntu asebenzisayo.

Ezinye imininingwane zesifundo

Izifundo zibonise izitayela eziningana zezici ekusungulweni kwamamephu eqondayo:

• Ukuthambekela kokugudlulela amabanga ajwayelekile futhi kungabi nandaba nabantu abangaziwa;
• Ukuthambekela kokuqondisa izindlela ezincane ezigobile;
• Ukuthambekela kokuya emigwaqweni ehambelanisiwe eya ku-perpendicular.

Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo, isibonelo, kubangela ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kweendawo ezihlala ezweni elilodwa libonakala lincane kunamaphuzu asemazweni ahlukene. Ngisho noma ibanga phakathi kwabo lifanayo.

Inkolelo yokucabanga

Imfundiso kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo kwengqondo, okufaka inkolelo kaTolman yemamephu eqondayo, yavela njengesimo sokuzimela esimweni sengqondo eminyakeni yama-1960. Ngenxa yale mfundiso, umhlaba wezokwelapha wenziwa ngokwesekwa ukuthi i-psyche iyisethi yokusebenza kwengqondo (yokuqonda). Izazi ze-Psychologist-cognitivists nazo ziyasebenza ekutadisheni izinqubo zokucabanga kwengqondo (ukucabanga, ukuqonda, ukunakekelwa, njll)

Inkolelo yokucabangisisa inendlela yayo yokucwaninga nokusebenza kokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, izazi ze-psychotherapists ezicatshangelwayo zikholelwa ukuthi zonke izinqubo ezilimazayo zesimo sengqondo kumuntu zivela ngenxa yokuphulwa kwezinqubo zokuqashelwa nokwazi ulwazi. Isibonelo, umuntu ocindezelekile, uphendula imibuzo: "Ngingubani mina?", "Iyini ikusasa lami?", Uzokwenza kuphela izimpendulo ezingenangqondo, ezizimele. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi we-cognitivist naye uzohloswa ukulungisa lezo zindlela zengqondo ezithinta isimo somzwelo sesiguli.

Izibonelo zamamephu aqondayo

Imfundiso yamamephu eqondayo ihlukanisa ezimbili zazo:

• Imephu-inkambo njengomzila othize, oqukethe izinto ezilandelanayo nezici ezihlobene;
• Imephu-buka njengokumelwa okwesikhashana kwezinto ezikhona endaweni.

Njengoba abantu bekhula, bathuthukisa amabalazwe abo okungaqondakali, okuwasiza ukuba baqoqe, bagcine futhi baveze ulwazi mayelana nokuhlelwa kwezinto zendawo. Izinqubo ezinjalo zithandeka ososayensi bezesayensi eziningi, ngoba amabalazwe acabangela ngomqondo othile alawula ukucabanga komuntu futhi, eqinisweni, afana.

Isibonelo esivelele kakhulu "somsebenzi" webalazwe lokungaqondakali uhambo lomhambi, olungalandela umzila webalazwe, kepha umlando wangaphakathi. Kulesi simo, u-wanderer ubeka isimiso sakhe somzila emcabangweni wakhe, encike eminye imininingwane engakhohlwayo yezwe langaphandle (izihlahla, amabhodi, izibonakaliso, njll). Ngenxa yale nqubo, ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi sidlula, umuntu "angabona" indlela ehamba ngayo nezici zayo.