Odokotela ngesikhathi 1941-1945 Omkhulu Patriotic kwesikhathi War. yezokwelapha feat e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Odokotela e WWII yabonisa ubuqhawe akukho kancane, nokuqinisela nesibindi kuka amasosha, amatilosi, airmen, abaphathi kanye nabasebenzi we phambi ekhaya. Girl umhlengikazi emahlombe ethambile wathwala amasosha alimele, abasebenzi bezokwelapha esebenza ubusuku nemini, ngaphandle kokushiya iziguli, osokhemisi benza konke abangakwenza ukuze ahlinzeke eliphezulu ukusebenza phambi imithi ibe yisikali edingekayo. Kube okuthunyelwe ukukhanya, isikhundla, indawo yomsebenzi - ngamunye odokotela liye laba nomthelela.

Ukugqashuka kwempi

inkonzo Medical, kanye lonke ibutho waya empini e nemibandela kuqala yayo okungazelelwe. imisebenzi eminingi okuhloswe ngayo ukwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye ezidingekayo, ayengakafezeki awukapheli. izifunda Uqhekeko umngcele bahlanganyele empini nge supply elilinganiselwe nemithi, amathuluzi kanye nemishini. Feat ebalulekile yokusebenzelana odokotela phakathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, uphatha e kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu ukuze ulondoloze impilo futhi ukuphila kwamasosha futhi nezakhamuzi.

Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala impi ke kudala ukungezwani isikhundla uhlinzeke amabutho ekhona, futhi ekukhiqizeni imishini kwezokwelapha umkhakha. Ezigcina eyinhloko nemithi, amathuluzi okuhlinza, kusaladi, bagxila izifunda umngcele, akazange abe nesikhathi ukuze athathe. amanani lobuKhristu imishini kwezokwelapha, okuyinto enzelwe ukuthi kwakhiwa futhi amayunithi efakwe nezikhungo nokuthela amanzi emhlane wedada.

Naphezu ukulahlekelwa emafektri ezempilo, sibonga umshikashika zobuqhawe imizamo Amazing abasinde kunodokotela lempi emafektri front line zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo ezingaphezu kuka-1200 izinqola kwempahla impilo emazweni we labaqaphi elingemuva.

Experience igazi ekhishwe

Nzima lizwe ngo-1941 yaphela eside elindelwe lokuqala ukunqoba okukhulu iRed Army empini akhathazayo ngoba eMoscow. It is ikakhulukazi ngokucacile wabonakaliswa feat wezokwelapha e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Izithombe kwesikhathi ethumba amavidyo fighters ohlengwe ngaphansi isiphepho lomlilo esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa Odokotela nabahlengikazi. Kwakukhona kaningi ngesikhathi abezimo eziphuthumayo wamthela eyayilimele zingawuhawukeli izimpilo. Amandla umsebenti wezokwelapha yini ngokumfaka izibalo engenzeleli nengakhethi. omningi imishini kwezokwelapha ayekade wachitha ngesikhathi Battle of eMoscow:

• Kuphela ngezihluthu entshonalanga ngamakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12 metres gauze.
• Kalinin kanye nezimpi Western wachitha amathani angaphezu kuka-172 of Gypsum.
• Kabanzi iqoqo "kwalimala", le regimental kanye kweminyango, eyayinekheli ezibaluleke kakhulu emithini, serums, sutures, imijovo. On the front izinqolobane of the Western Front ebuthweni engunyaza 583 amasethi 169 amasethi regimental kanye kweminyango.

Izindlela yokuhlela nemithi empini eMoscow, wafingqa umhlangano iRed Army GVSU 12-15 April 1942, bavunyelwe ngaphezulu ngempumelelo nokuqalisa ukuhlinzekwa amabutho kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha e imisebenzi alandelayo impi.

Kithina eMoscow!

Odokotela e WWII futhi wafunda ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngokuya ukuzivikela (ukubaleka), futhi kulokhu kuhlasela, futhi ngempumelelo ngokushesha ngaphambili ukujula okukhulu. Ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlangenwe nakho okulusizo iye yazuza ngesikhathi ukuzivikela eside esiqhubekayo okwalandela esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo endaweni eMoscow. The Battle of eMoscow bavunyelwe ulungise inhlangano ukunakekelwa uhlelo khandlu aphuma izenzo ukuzivikela ukuqhuba imisebenzi okuhlaselayo ngezinga elingelikhulu zamasu.

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba impi ukuzivikela ngesikhathi inhlokodolobha isevisi wezokwelapha we izimpi Western futhi Bryansk umsebenzele kanzima ukubeka ukuze amabutho kanye nemithombo yabo, okuye kakhulu buthaka ukulahlekelwa esindayo ezinyangeni zokuqala ezimbili empini. Ngokukhethekile kwakumelwe ikhokhwe ukuze Staffing amayunithi wezokwelapha regiments nezigaba abahlengikazi orderlies, nabalindisango.

iyahola

Kukhona amaqiniso eziningi mayelana Odokotela e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, hhayi uma ezisola ukuphila kwawo engozini ukuze athwale vyvoloch, nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuletha abalimele emphini esibhedlela. Kwadingeka ngisebenze ngaphansi umlilo, ngisho lishisa nemvula, odakeni neqhwa.

Ikakhulukazi eqinile kwaba ukususwa nzima wabalimele nge snowpack ezijulile. Ngakho-ke, imoto enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yenhlanzeko, ikakhulukazi phakathi blizzards neqhwa emigodini babe isihlibhi. Futhi hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa ukuthuthwa eyayilimele ezikhungweni zokwelapha regimental (PHC), kodwa ngokuvamile nezalo ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi zabo kusukela PMP emitholampilo kweminyango. Wabe kusobala ukuthi wayenomuzwa isidingo izindlela ezifanele zokuqinisa izixhumanisi njengengxenye inkonzo yezokwelapha. Izindlela ezinjalo ziye zaba kufakwe yezokwelapha inkonzo amabutho Equestrian inkampani enelanga, kusiza kakhulu abantu baphume ngokushesha.

izibhedlela

odokotela empini ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II amashumi ezinkulungwane wasebenza ezibhedlela. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhathini 1941-1942. Kuphela amabutho Western Front kwadingeka izibhedlela ensimini 50 no-10 mobile evakopriemnikov umthamo ingqikithi 15,000 imibhede esigcwele. isizinda Isibhedlela eWestern Front u atshalwa echelons ezimbili-ndlela ezimbili basishiye. I umthamo isamba base esibhedlela safinyelela imibhede 42.000. Esikhathini uqimba yokuqala advantageously efakwe izibhedlela ensimini, futhi uqimba yayo yesibili - ninodwa izibhedlela basishiye.

Feat Odokotela e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe kungumsebenzi wawo wokuzidela nsuku zonke. imizamo inkonzo yezokwelapha Basic benziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuphunywe abalimele egula kusukela ezindaweni okwakunzima esongelwa bamba yisitha, bathole usizo lwezokwelapha. A esibalulekile uhamba abalimele, nokugasela isilinganiso ukulimala elaliqhubeka. ukulahlekelwa Obalulekile wezokwelapha, okuyinto wahlupheka kusukela ekuqaleni kwezinhloko zamaviyo esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo we Kalinin kanye nezimpi Western, okwaholela kokuthola okungenani 150-200 kwalimala ngosuku, futhi ezinsukwini yokulwa olujulile - kuze kufinyelele 350-400.

Pharmacy

Odokotela e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945) walwa hhayi kuphela nezimpi. Izinkinga ezinkulu, ngezinye izikhathi zinzima kakhulu, wamnika Logistics Pharmacy imithi ebalulekile. imisebenzi Buciko ku nemithi kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga iqiniso lokuthi i squad umxhwele kunodokotela, odokotela kwesokunxele impi. Isibalo kunodokotela ukusebenza Pharmacy, yehle ngo nesigamu 1941-1942.

Supply kuhlelwe ekhemisi ngamaketanga imikhiqizo, nemithi iphazamiseke kakhulu: iningi izinkampani embonini yezokwelapha kwabhidlika noma ziyakhishwa. Nge nje kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II ekhemisi lempi zinabantu kunodokotela ikakhulu yakhelwe ukugqugquzela esiqiwini. Iningi labo lalingenalutho imfundo eyenza imithi yesibili futhi ungalokothi wakhonza kwezempi ngaphambili. A ingxenye enkulu kubantu abasebenzayo sasiphakeme abesifazane, iziqu kwesikhathi selithi cwaningo ezikoleni ekhemisi. Inani amaposi Pharmacy babe abezimo eziphuthumayo umatasa.

nobunzima ikakhulukazi wazibonela izinduna zempi Pharmacy kumuntu oyedwa emelela zonke izikhundla nabasebenzi. Ngaphezu imisebenzi yabo professional, kwakufanele kunodokotela ngokupheka nangemisebenzi yasendlini. Sami amadokhumenti abhaliwe wathola imithi, izixazululo inzalo, ekhemisi wageza izitsha. Futhi izidingo lempi ukulungiswa nokusetshenziswa kwemithi kwadingeka afunde ekuhambeni. Umnikelo lodokotela ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe Kwakubalulekile ukungasho kuphela iyahola, kodwa futhi inethiwekhi ekhemisi.

isibonelo senkonzo

Umlando seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili amumethe Eqinisweni, indima komuntu oyedwa kuthinta indlela isiphetho ezinkulungwane. Babekezelela sokusindisa ukuphila nokugcina ikhono ukusebenza amasosha alimele engathwala odokotela abahlinzayo wezokwelapha e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Photo zihlukaniswa Ochwepheshe kungabonakala abezindaba ukuphrinta, iminyuziyamu, kwi-Inthanethi. Isibonelo udokotela ohlinzayo nomhleli ovelele Vasiliya Vasilevicha Uspenskogo.

udokotela unekhono kwaholela esibhedlela esisentshonalanga Kashin emva umsebenzi Kalinin lwakhe lwendabuko (manje Tver). Ngesikhathi esifanayo wayengumuntu udokotela ohlinzayo khona lapho esibhedlela, umxhumanisi ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi izibhedlela efakwe emzini Kashin, emizaneni engomakhelwane futhi waxoshelwa esibhedlela lesifunda kuleli dolobha. Nguye eziqhutshwa edume umshayeli-iqhawe A. P. Mareseva. Esibhedlela Vasily Kashin wahlela Kokumpontshelwa Kwegazi Station kanye ngokwesayensi odokotela umphakathi.

Ngo-1943, i-V Uspensky wabuyela Kalinin, lapho ahlela khona umhlangano esibhedlela esikhethekile, lapho sekudlule izingane ezingaphezu kuka-3,000 ezilethwa yi izindiza ezivela ezingemuva wesitha. esibhedlela Lokhu zezingane wayaziwa ngisho ngaphandle kwezwe. Ikakhulukazi, inkonzo kweNyuka ngentshiseko waphendula uNkk Clementine Churchill - umka British Prime Minister.

Ukunikeza ukunakekelwa iso

On amanxeba yempi futhi ukulimala iso iphutha kaningi. Phakathi amasosha alimele babephathwa, ufunyenwe inani elikhulu kweziguli eziyingozi futhi ichashazi amanxeba kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngempela nezinto engizifunayo nje ukuhlinzwa. ezibhedlela Saratov phakathi nempi kuphela, odokotela ezikhethekile Amahhovisi amehlo nasemitholampilo izifo iso ziye zasiza ukubuyisela ukungaboni e 1858 kanye 479 iziguli kwabonayo.

neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izindlela kwezokulapha enkundleni yempi lapho yokulimala kwamehlo, kanye ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa yokulimala iso ngesikhathi uhlala khona esibhedlela babe izisebenzi uMnyango Umtholampilo of Ophthalmology, olwaluholwa uProfesa I. A. Belyaevym. Saratov odokotela phakathi neMpi Yezwe II uphethwe kakhulu okuthuthukisiwe zokwelapha izifo sokuvuvukala iso, e umkhuba wansuku zonke bamehlo ukuba bamukele ubuchwepheshe obusha.

Indlela ukuxazulula le nkinga yokuntuleka nemithi

ubuqhawe yezokwelapha ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe futhi kwabonakaliswa langemuva. Izwe uhlangabezane Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu nemithi, ngakho lo msebenzi wawumkhulu ukuvuseleleka abekho embonini yokwenziwa kwemithi, esikhathini esiningi libhujiswa ngo ekuqaleni kwempi. Phakathi nenkathi emfushane ukulethwa kwemithi ephethwe ukusungula.

Lokhu lula:

• Ukuhambisa inqwaba amabhizinisi of umkhakha chemical-ezithaka imithi e-Asia Ephakathi. Lokhu kwaholela ekusungulweni leqembu esempumalanga umkhakha zamakhemikhali zemithi, okuyinto uthethe umthwalo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka okwelapha izindlela.
• amazwe ukusiza Bloc anti-undlovukayiphikiswa. Cooperation avunyelwe ukukhweza ukuhlelwa enamandla ukukhishwa streptotsida, Sulfidine futhi sulfazola, ETHYL chloride soda pharmacopoeia.
• Reorientation amabhizinisi non-core umkhakha. Out isimo ukushoda kusaladi nomthelela imboni yendwangu umkhakha, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ukukhiqiza gauze wezokwelapha. Futhi, amabhizinisi amaningi kule mboni chemical waqala ukukhulula iziphathimandla zezempilo izidakamizwa ampoule: adrenalin, i-caffeine, ushukela egazini, i-morphine, nezinye pantopon.
• Ukushintshwa imithi untula izitshalo zokwelapha. Kuphela entwasahlobo ka-1942 sebuqoqiwe amathani angaba ngu-50 izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo amathathu nesithupha, imithi. Ososayensi baye ukusungulwa indlela esikhundleni yezokwelapha uhala kule moss Peat, sphagnum moss futhi fir ithole uwoyela ukucwiliswa esikhundleni bendabuko nemisedari kwaqala ukuntuleka.

Kwemithi emisha

odokotela Female phakathi neMpi Yezwe II aba neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imithi emisha kuyaphumelela. A impumelelo enkulu kwaba yokufuna iqembu lososayensi Soviet olwaluholwa uProfesa Z. V Ermolevoy amasampula wokuqala i-penicillin. Iqembu locwaningo olwenziwa Ermoleva ukufunda umphumela oqabulayo umuthi omusha "penicillin akuzange kusize krustozin VIEM" e izilonda kanye nezinkinga nilimaza esibhedlela ensimini, eduze izimpi, ezibhedlela ngaphambili langemuva.

Central Institute of Epidemiology futhi Microbiology, okuyinto ephethwe uProfesa MK Krontovskaya, kahle inqubo zokukhiqiza wokugoma yesifo sezintwala. Yabantu Commissariat wase-USSR kwamkhanyela njengethuluzi eliphumelelayo ekulweni typhus yayishisa ngesikhathi, futhi wanquma ukusebenzisa serum entsha ngezinga elikhulu.

ososayensi bathole ukubaluleka izwe libe khona ukuthuthukiswa nosebenzela Leningrad Institute of Blood Transfusion, uProfesa G. L. Bogomolov indlela nqabela-omiswe plasma. Yena kwakufanele ithuba engazi iqembu igazi abalimala ukumpompela ngemithamo enkulu umuthi okuthiwa "plasma ezomile" kusukela abanikelayo. Kule ndlela, ukumpontshelwa igazi iguqulwe ibe yimpuphu okuyinto kugcinwa isikhathi eside bese uyiswa kahle.

feat abahlengikazi

Phakathi WWII isidingo abahlengikazi iye yawohloka. Ngokuhambisana Tax Impilo wahlanganyela ekuqeqesheni of abahlengikazi. Kuze 1945 ICRC uye waqeqesha orderlies ezingu-500,000 yezokwelapha, abahlengikazi 300,000, odokotela abangaphezu kuka-170 000. Ufuna ukufa ebusweni, ngesibindi idlulisele eyayilimele kusukela izimpi futhi abasize.

Ungakwazi ukuxoxa izenzo zobuqhawe, ubuka isiphetho abahlengikazi Battalion Marines Ekaterina Demina. Lo mfundi ekhaya zezingane, wakhonza ebhodini yezokwelapha "Red eMoscow", okuyinto ukuwela i-elimele kusukela kwaseStalingrad ukuze Krasnovodsk. Ukuphila ezingemuva Yashesha ukhathele, Catherine wanquma ukuba abe umhlengikazi 369 Ibutho ahlukene amasosha. Ekuqaleni, paratroopers wathatha intombazane cool, kodwa yena zasihlonipha. Kuyoze kube phakade Catherine wasindisa ukuphila kuka-100 abalimele, wabhubhisa amaFascist ngu-50, futhi kwadingeka 3 kwalimala. E. I. Deminu kwaphawula imiklomelo eminingi.

Ngo seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili Esibomvu uye babhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokuphazamiseka yokufunda okusheshayo abahlengikazi orderlies, nokuzidela, umusa nothando lwakhe wobaba wasiza abasebenzi bezempilo ukuhlinzeka abalimele sokusukuma futhi ubuyele phambi. Ngakho, ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze anqobe.

Afterword

odokotela zaseSoviet ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, wasebenza izimangaliso, agqoke izinyawo fighters kwabonayo. Ngokwezibalo ezibhedlela zethu ohlelweni mjikelezo ezingaphezu kuka-70% wavuma ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa. Ngokwesibonelo: udokotela German wakwazi ukubuyela impi, cishe angu-40% kuphela abalimele.