Imisebenzi ulwelwesi plasma yeseli

I-plasma ulwelwesi - bilayer lipid nge kuhlanganiswe ukujiya amaprotheni alo, iziteshi ion, futhi yokwamukela ama-molecule. Lokhu isithiyo mechanical ehlukanisa ama-cytoplasm isuke endaweni pericellular, ngesikhathi esifanayo kokuba ukuxhumana kuphela imvelo bangaphandle. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi cytolemma ingenye izakhiwo ebaluleke kakhulu iseli, kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yayo silivumele akhona futhi uhlanganyele nabanye amaqembu cell.

Umqondo jikelele imisebenzi tsitolemmy

Ulwelwesi plasma ngesimo lapho elikhona eyeseli isilwane, esibonakala sebuningini eziphawula izinto eziphilayo ukusuka imibuso ehlukene. Ama-bacterium lenyama, nayo isidumbu sayo kukhona kuseli eyodwa, kukhona ulwelwesi cytoplasmic. Futhi izilwane, isikhunta futhi izitshalo njengoba eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi wayengaphelelwe ke ngokuhamba kwemvelo. Nokho, imibuso ehlukene eziphilayo tsitolemmy kuyiwa, nakuba umsebenzi wayo namanje okufanayo. Bangakwazi zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: kuhlukane, ezokuthutha nezokuxhumana.

Iqembu sokuhlukanisa misebenzi ifaka Ukuvikelwa mechanical amaseli, nokugcina ezakheke, ukuvikelwa medium extracellular. ezokuthutha ulwelwesi udlala iqembu umsebenzi khona amaprotheni ethize, iziteshi ion futhi abathutha izinto ezithile. Ngu tsitolemmy imisebenzi yekuchumana idingekile ukuze yokwamukela. On surface ulwelwesi yokwamukela izakhiwo aggregate ukhona behileleka amaseli ngawo e humoral yokudlulisa ulwazi izindlela. Nokho, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi cytolemma ozungezayo hhayi kuphela cell, kodwa futhi abanye organelles yayo membranous. Kuzo, yena udlala indima efanayo endabeni yonke cell.

isithiyo umsebenzi

Umsebenzi okuvimbelayo multiple-plasma ulwelwesi. Kuvikela yangaphakathi cell imvelo nge emakamu akhona ikhemikhali ku izinguquko zalo. Ngo izixazululo we okusheshayo inqubo kwenzeka, isb self-ukulungiswa emakamu phakathi kwabezindaba ngokuqukethwe ezahlukene izinto ezithile. Plasmolemma nje kuvinjwe ekuvimbeleni nokuhanjiswa kwe- wamanje uketshezi ion kuzo zonke izindawo. Ngakho, ulwelwesi kuvimbela cytoplasm nge lokuhlushwa ezithile electrolyte kusukela imvelo pericellular.

Inkulumo yesibili zezivimbo umsebenzi ulwelwesi plasma - amvikele izimo eqinile esidi enamandla ane-alikhali. Plasmolemma kwakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi kube semikhawulweni hydrophobic lipid molecule nazo kwangaphandle. Ngoba ngokuvamile Kwehlukanisa intracellular kanye nabezindaba extracellular nge pH izinkomba ezahlukene. Kubalulekile cell umsebenzi.

Umsebenzi okuvimbelayo nolwelwesi organelle

Umsebenzi okuvimbelayo ulwelwesi plasma zihlukile ngoba incike indawo yayo. Ngo karyotheca esithile, ie lipid bilayer core, ivikela ke ekulimaleni mechanical imvelo wabelane kusuka cytoplasmic zenuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthiwa lokhu karyotheca kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ulwelwesi we reticulum endoplasmic. Ngenxa yokuthi sonke isimiso kubhekwa united njengoba ekhiqiza ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo, amaprotheni Kuhlanganisa uhlelo kanye cluster posttranslational ukuguqulwa yezinhlayiya amaprotheni. Ulwelwesi amanethiwekhi cytoplasmic kuyadingeka ukuze balondoloze ukuma iziteshi ezokuthutha intracellular lapho ukuhambisa amaprotheni, lipid kanye carbohydrate molecule.

ulwelwesi Mitochondrial ivikela mitochondria futhi plastid - chloroplast. Lysosomal ulwelwesi ubuye enze njengesithiyo: ngaphakathi lysosomes nolaka imvelo pH namafomu asebenzayo umoya-mpilo angalimaza izakhiwo ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana, uma kukhona is ebuswa. Ulwelwesi iyisithiyo jikelele, ngesikhathi esifanayo avumele lysosomes ukuba "inhlabamkhosi" izinhlayiya okuqinile kuletse esikhundleni isinyathelo enzyme.

Mechanical umsebenzi plasmolemma

Umsebenzi mechanical ulwelwesi plasma akulona iyunifomu. Okokuqala, cytolemma igcina iseli ukuma. Okwesibili, kukhawulela deformability amaseli, kodwa akuvimbeli ushintsho ukuma flowability. Ngesikhathi esifanayo beqinisa ulwelwesi ezimbi zingenza nokuhlukileko. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ukwakheka iseli izindonga protists, ama-bacterium, izitshalo kanye isikhunta. Ezilwaneni, kufaka phakathi lawo izinhlobo zabantu ezahlukaniselwa, udonga cell iyona elula futhi amelwe glycocalyx kuphela.

Ngo namagciwane, kwabe glycoprotein ezitshalweni - cellulose, isikhunta - chitin. Diatoms futhi ifakwe ngokuphelele kuseli yayo udonga Silica (Silicon oxide), okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa mechanical amandla kanye ukumelana amaseli. Futhi zonke izindonga umzimba cell uludinga salokhu. A cytolemma ngokwayo has a amandla ephansi kakhulu kunalokho ungqimba proteoglycans, cellulose noma chitin. Kuleso tsitolemmy kudlala indima mechanical, akungabazeki.

Futhi, umsebenzi mechanical ulwelwesi plasma ukuvumela mitochondria, chloroplast, lysosomes, i-nucleus futhi endoplasmic reticulum umsebenzi ngaphakathi kwamaseli womuntu futhi uvikele umonakalo subthreshold. Kuyinto sici for iyiphi iseli yokuba idatha membranous organelles. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwelwesi plasma kuyinto protuberances cytoplasmic, okuyinto yilabo abake weseli-cell oxhumana. Lokhu isibonelo umsebenzi mechanical ulwelwesi plasma. Iqhaza ayisivikelo ulwelwesi kuqinisekiswa futhi ngenxa ukumelana yemvelo kanye fluidity we bilayer lipid.

umsebenzi Luchumano we ulwelwesi cytoplasmic

Phakathi imisebenzi yekuchumana kuzomele sifake ezokuthutha reception. Lezi zimfanelo ezimbili zibhekene ngqo ulwelwesi plasma bese karyotheca. I organelle ulwelwesi akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi-receptor, noma eligcwele iziteshi zokuhamba, futhi ngezinye karyotheca futhi tsitolemmy lezi zokwakheka khona. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa nokwethulwa kwale imisebenzi zokuxhumana idatha.

WezokuThutha ezalethwa ezinqubweni ezimbili abacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka: Ukusetshenziswa amandla, okungukuthi, ngendlela esebenzayo, futhi ngaphandle izindleko, ukwanda okusheshayo elula. Nokho, iseli singase sithwale izinto futhi phagocytosis noma pinocytosis. Lokhu kufezwa ngokushintsha kunothumba ifu okusamanzi noma izinhlayiya okuqinile ziboya cytoplasm. Khona-ke iseli sengathi isandla bacabangisise kuyizinhlayiyana noma droplet ketshezi, edonsa wakhe ngaphakathi futhi obumba emhlabeni ungqimba cytoplasmic.

ezokuthutha Active, okusheshayo

ezokuthutha Active - lena isibonelo ukumuncwa ukukhetha electrolyte kanye nezakhi. Via eziteshini ezithile emelelwa amaprotheni molecule sakhiwa subunits amaningi, izidakamizwa noma ion hydrated lingena singene cytoplasm. UJona ekushintsheni nekhono nezakhi ziyafakwa esikuziphathimandla umzimba. Futhi zonke lezi imisebenzi ulwelwesi cell plasma ngenkuthalo nomthelela ukukhula nokwakheka kwalo.

lipid-encibilikayo

amaseli kakhulu umahluko, isib, abakaze, endocrine noma imisipha, iziteshi ion zisebenzisa idatha ukukhiqiza isenzo nekhono futhi ukuphumula. Kumiswa It is ngenxa umehluko osmotic kanye nekhono electrochemical izindwangu uzilungiselele shwabanisa, noma ukukhiqiza ishayela sife ukuphendula amasignali noma badlulisele kubo. Lena indlela ebaluleke ukushintshisana ngolwazi phakathi amaseli, ekubangelayo ukulawulwa sezinzwa imisebenzi yonke umzimba. Lezi zici we ulwelwesi plasma lamaseli isilwane ukunikeza ukulawulwa esibalulekile imisebenzi, ukuvikelwa kanye ezokuthutha wonke umzimba.

Ezinye izinto ungakwazi futhi ingabe ukungena ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi, kodwa ejwayelekile kuphela molecule lipophilic zishintshe fat-encibilikayo. Bamane chaza ulwelwesi bilayer, ukuthola kalula phakathi cytoplasm. Le ndlela yokwenza ezokuthutha sici hormone steroid. Sakhiwo hormone peptide azikwazi ukungena ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi, kodwa futhi adlulisele ulwazi cell. Lokhu kufezwa ngenxa yokubakhona yokwamukela phezu plasmolemma (ebalulekile) ama-molecule. Related izindlela kwamakhemikhali isignali transduction ukuze nucleus kanye lo mshini Ukungena ngqo izidakamizwa ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lipid uhlelo okulula isiqondiso humoral. Futhi zonke lezi zici plasma ebalulekile ulwelwesi amaprotheni ayadingeka hhayi kuphela kuseli eyodwa futhi umzimba wonke.

Ithebula imisebenzi ulwelwesi cytoplasmic

Indlela esobala kunazo zonke ukugqamisa nemisebenzi ulwelwesi plasma - itafula equkethe indima yayo yemvelo iseli iyonke.

Leli thebula libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi iyiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa ulwelwesi plasma. Nokho, lezi zindima odlalwa ngu kuphela ulwelwesi cell, ie bilayer lipid ozungezayo wonke amaseli. Ngaphakathi kuwo kukhona organelles, ephinde ibe ulwelwesi. indima yabo kufanele kuboniswe ngesimo idayagramu.

Imisebenzi ulwelwesi plasma: isikimu

Ephambi kwezinduna cell ulwelwesi elandelayo organelles ezahlukene: nucleus, okwe bushelelezi reticulum endoplasmic, Golgi apharathasi, mitochondria, chloroplast, lysosomes. Esimweni ngasinye kulezi organelles, ulwelwesi linendima ebalulekile. Cabanga ngesibonelo kungaba scheme tabular.

Ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana egazi isilwane

Lawa nemisebenzi ulwelwesi plasma kwengqamuzana, lapho udlala indima ebalulekile organelle ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi imisebenzi ukuze kuhlanganiswe zibe munye - kukuvikela. Ikakhulu, i-isithiyo nemisebenzi mechanical ehlangana zokuzivikela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi ulwelwesi plasma ku cell isitshalo cishe ezifanayo nalezo eziku isilwane virus.

Animal esitokisini eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo futhi umahluko kakhulu. Kukhona okuhlangene kakhulu, poluintegralnyh kanye ebusweni amaprotheni. Ngokuvamile, e eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi zihlale more xaka ulwelwesi isakhiwo kunobukaJohane owumphumela. Futhi lokho iningi ulwelwesi plasma lamaseli ethize okunquma ukuthi kuyothiwa enikezwa EPITHELIAL, ezicutshini noma abangothathekile.