Isixazululo electrolysis: incazelo, ukusetshenziswa

Ngokuthi inqubo electrolysis, ebonakala redox izakhiwo maqondana izakhi abamelwe nosawoti nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali ekhona ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga noma isixazululo, by odlula kagesi ngokusebenzisa kwabo.

Esebenzisa electrolysis kungenzeka izinsimbi kanye nonmetals, libhekene izinga eliphakeme ubumsulwa chemical kukhiqizwa. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela libhekene malula lungeneke, ke kungenzeka kukhombisa ekhaya. Lokhu kuzodinga umthombo njalo kagesi, i-pair of electrode kanye electrolyte azilungiselela. Isici kunazo eziyisisekelo electrolyte kuyinto ikhono lazo ukuqhuba kagesi.

Hlukanisa electrolysis izisombululo kanye Udambisa nosawoti, ngesikhathi ukufana Imininingwane banayo eziningi umehluko omkhulu. Kuphethe electrolysis izixazululo, kufanele ucabangele iqhaza enqubeni kanye ion kuphela. Electrolysis ka Udambisa libhekene khona kuphela lwalezozinto ion.

Ukuze uthole umkhiqizo oyifunayo (kungakhathaliseki isizinda, igesi, noma yimuphi non-metal) ezinakekela ukukhethwa electrode ofanele kanye nokulungisa electrolyte abafanele.

Indaba for the electrode zingakhiqiza noma umqhubi kagesi. Ezimweni eziningi, lokusebenzisa izinsimbi, Alloys, phakathi nonmetal ukusebenza omuhle njengomdala electrode ongabonisa graphite izinduku (carbon). izixazululo ezingavamile kakhulu, kodwa ezaziwa zobuchwepheshe, lapho indaba for electrode kukhona uketshezi.

Konke lilungele ukufeza electrolysis kasawoti izixazululo. I electrode omuhle ubizwa ngokuthi anode. Ukuze leli gama electrode negative kuthathwe - the cathode. Ngokusebenzisa isixazululo electrolysis, i anode oxidized (ziyoncibilika), kanye cathode kubuyiselwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi "nokonakala" we anode yayingakuthinti iyinkimbinkimbi inqubo yamakhemikhali kwenzeka ikhambi (ancibilike). Kungenjalo - isimo zokungabi anode kuyinto inertness yayo. Kungakuhle zingenziwa platinum, kodwa-graphite (carbon) anodes nazo ngempumelelo kakhulu.

Ukuze cathode zizongena cishe kunoma iyiphi ipuleti metal (ngeke chaza). Yethusi, nethusi, carbon (graphite), i-zinc, i-iron, aluminium cathodes kabanzi umkhakha yesimanje.

Ngokusebenzisa electrolysis izixazululo ekhaya, kusukela izinto cishe edayisa izinto ingatholakala njengomoya-mpilo, chlorine, i-hydrogen, ithusi, noma alikhali asidi, nesibabule. Ungahlukumezi ucwaningo chlorine - ke luwushevu!

Ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwe-mpilo ne-hydrogen kumele ngaphansi isixazululo electrolysis of baking soda (okunye - soda ash). Eduze electrode "+" (anode) isehlane ku uhlobo lomoya-mpilo Bubbles ngesikhathi cathode ( "-") - i-hydrogen. On umbuzo kungani hydrogen yokutakula iphutha esikhundleni sodium njengoba impendulo ngabe bazitshela kungatholakala: ochungechungeni Na ukucindezeleka metal ishiywa H2, ngokulandelana, emncintiswaneni we cations ezimbili ze-hydrogen wahlulwa sodium. Kusibonelo okunjena, esiye sakubona ikhambi electrolysis, eqinisweni yaphenduka electrolysis we kuphela (amanzi).

Ukusebenzisa njengoba ikhambi electrolyte zethusi sulfate, sithola ngesikhathi cathode qwembe amnyama obomvu, okuyinto metal okumsulwa, alulame zethusi.

Ngokusho imiphumela ucwaningo amabili electrolysis ungenza abanye ngokuvamile. anode Positive iba indawo nokuvulwa anions, kuzo zombili amacala ngenhla kubhekwe, ke, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi umoya-mpilo. Ngesikhathi cathode, sokuthola cations hydrogen wazibonakalisa ucwaningo lwethu - esimweni sokuqala, ithusi - lesibili. Ngokuvamile, cations kukhona metal noma i-hydrogen, kodwa kwezinye izimo zingase zingaphenduka non-izinsimbi kanye amagesi. Isimo namachibi of element linendima ebalulekile enqubeni yokutakula.