Iseli isitshalo kuyinto iyunithi aphansi a eziphilayo - izitshalo. Liqukethe izingxenye ukuthi evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke eziphilayo eukaryotic: nucleus cytoplasm, Golgi apharathasi, mitochondria, reticulum endoplasmic, ribosomes, lysosomes, microtubules. Nokho, iseli isitshalo has umehluko - kuba phambi plastids, le vacuole nodonga cellulose.
Iletha ndawonye zonke organelles phakathi kwakhe uhlanganyela umzimba babo naye obukhetheke semi uketshezi naphakathi aphansi eziphilayo amayunithi (amaseli) - cytoplasm. cytoplasm kunalokho nzima isakhiwo. Kuyinto isixazululo multicomponent colloidal ezingasetshenziswa ukwedlulisela kusukela sol ukuze gel. Yonke kweselula lwangena by amaprotheni sesigcilikisha ezakha cytoskeleton iyunithi kwesakhiwo. Ubunjwe amanzi, okuyinto ebangela kusuka 60 kuya ku-90% wezindleko isisindo amaprotheni (10-20%) kanye lipids (kufika ku 23%), kanye nezinto eziphilayo futhi wezinto ezingaphili. Indima cytoplasm ku ukuphila yengqamuzana likhulu kakhulu
- kuba medium lapho chemical ukusabela;
- Ubelokhu bahileleke umzimba;
- Inezinga turgor futhi thermoregulation;
- eyenza umsebenzi asekelayo, kuyasiza silondoloze iseli ukuma.
Umthelela ku-semi okuqinile naphakathi amaseli abe futhi iziphi izici zangaphandle - lokushisa, ukukhanya, umoya Ukwakheka, lamanzi. Konke lokhu kuthinta ngqo ukuhamba cytoplasm, lapho njalo. Yokuhamba ikhambi colloidal izakhi (i-oksijini, ATP njll) iyunithi zokucathula ophilayo umzimba khona. Imisebenzi Ebalulekile amaseli eyenziwa sebuningini izinqubo bokuphila. Amandla ophilayo umzimba iyunithi kwesakhiwo kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, okuholela izinto wezinto siguqulelwa organic. Breathing-mpilo isitshalo esitokisini, kwakheka ngesikhathi namachibi izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi - carbohydrate, lipids, amino acid. Ngasikhathi sinye phakathi kwezimila kwenzeka zamagama kanye ukukhululwa kwe amandla adingekayo ukuze asekele ukuphila. Lesi sitshalo iseli inyuka ngo ngilulekela udonga cellulosic kanye nokwenyuka kwenani umthamo cytoplasm futhi vacuoles.
Ndawonye, zonke lezi izinqubo ezibalulekile zinengxenye umzimba, ngokuyisisekelo eyinhloko okuyinto - kumiswa imikhiqizo emisha, noqhekeko yabo ibe izingxenye ezincane, ukususwa imikhiqizo kwamazinyo amaseli noma zibekwe ifomu reserve izinto. Kwemihlambi amayunithi ezingadingekile kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa udonga cell, ngenkathi ezihambayo, inkokhiso (ukwakheka) izakhiwo ezintsha wenziwa ukuhamba cytoplasm.
ngibandise sokuhlukanisa isici esibaluleke yikhono amaseli. Umphumela yale nqubo - kumiswa amayunithi ezimbili kwesakhiwo abasemaqenjini ophilayo umzimba, okuyinto isethi wama-chromosomes, liyefana yini umzali.
Ngakho, iseli isitshalo luncane isakhiwo eziphilayo umzimba, feeds, uphefumula, aphendvule ezintweni, okwandisa, okusakazwa, kanye cytoplasm futhi organelles egxilile ke zinengxenye umzimba.