Imishayo podstropilnye: amafomu, cross-isitshalo. Podstropilnaya ipulazi

Ngesisekelo design idivayisi isenzo ukufulela truss futhi podstropilnye izakhi. Ukuthela uhlelo wophahla isigubungelo - a imishayo truss futhi Trusses. Imishayo kuthiwa podstropilnye usekelo izakhi ophahleni. Zisetshenziswa apharathasi enamathela e indaba nanye multi-span izakhiwo zezimboni, izakhiwo zokuhlala at idivayisi elisophahleni izibuya.

izinhlobo Podstropilnyh zinethambo Trusses

Ukuthembeka lonke uhlelo ukufulela kuyinto ethembela ngokuphelele amandla nangokuhluzeka esiphathiswa futhi podstropilnoy truss isakhiwo. Kuyinto ezihlukahlukene enkulu imithwalo zangaphandle.

Imishayo podstropilnye - iwumkhiqizo ngesinye sezinqumo elilodwa ithola umthwalo zangaphandle, wokuyidlulisela bonke ubude bayo. Kulokhu, ekucindezelekeni enkulu zenzeka enisemikhawulweni ugongolo. Lusebenza yona udonga ophahleni ukufulela izinhlelo.

Podstropilnaya Ipulazi - a eyinkimbinkimbi esiyinhlanganisela, okuyinto wabuthela kusuka izinduku ngabanye isandla exhunywe omunye komunye. Imithwalo kwenzeke kuphela ngesikhathi nodal uxhumano izinduku. imiklamo okunjalo asetshenziswa ukufulela izinhlelo nge Trusses.

Kuye yokukhiqiza podstropilnye impahla isakhiwo zingahlukaniswa zibe:

• ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu.
• Steel.
• Izinkuni.
• Okuhlezi emqondweni uhlelo lokhuni.

Ukhonkolo nensimbi ngemishayo Trusses zivame kakhulu elisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zezimboni kanye ezakhiwe. asetshenziswa Ngokhuni futhi wasisekela ukuqinisa izakhi izinkuni kabanzi idivayisi kuphela ukukhiqizwa uphahla, kodwa futhi ukwakhiwa uphahla ezakhiweni zokuhlala.

Ngo wokwakha izakhiwo zezimboni podstropilnymi agqagqene 12-foot, 18-foot, 24-foot futhi imitha-30 emabhulohweni phakathi kwezinsika. Ngo isinyathelo-imitha eziyisithupha podstropilnye Umkhqizi ugongolo izakhi futhi sikhonze ipulazi izakhi zabo Lesisemkhatsini asekelayo.

Ngu ifomu esigabeni cross ugongolo uhlukaniswe:

• Kukanxande.
• Tees.
• I-ugongolo.
• Ibhokisi imishayo.

Ngo ukwakhiwa ngabanye ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, emiselwe ukwesekwa ophahleni uhlelo, hhayi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile bajwayele esikhaleni kudivayisi ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu.

Okuhlezi emqondweni ukhonkolo imishayo podstropilnye

imikhiqizo Ukhonkolo asetshenziselwa kudivayisi ukufulela nge eyehlelayo kancane, kanye uphahla bamisa. Basuke akhiqizwa izimboni ukhonkolo lapho ngokushesha isicelo prestressing steel ukuqinisa imishayo. Amafomu nokufakwa esetshenziswa:

• Ama-rod luqiniswe iphrofayela gqwa.
• Wire izinyanda wire eliqinile le kakhulu.
• Twisted wire imicu.
• String nokufakwa.

Ukuma imishayo zihlukaniswa podstropilnye nge esishintshashintshayo kuqondane and non-ngokulinganisa. ukubala ezikudlayo kwenziwa ngesisekelo umthwalo, okuyinto has a ugongolo truss, esekelwe phakathi ichashaza podstropilnogo isici nomthwalo isisindo ugongolo ngokwayo, yasakazwa kanye ubude bayo. Imikhiqizo enziwe strapping izimbobo senzelwe obandayo futhi nokuphakamisa, ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa amathebhu esikhundleni obandayo.

Setha phakathi kwababusi phakathi izakhiwo zokusekela imishayo ophahleni futhi Trusses, uma ububanzi isinyathelo 6 metres, futhi ububanzi ukufakwa naphakathi amakholomu - 12 metres. Ukufaka imishayo podstropilnyh inyatheliswe amakholomu, basuke omiswe Welding izingxenye esishunyekiwe. Phakathi imishayo podstropilnyh futhi izinjongo zabo zenziwa ngendlela ekhethekile okubhekiselwa ngayo endaweni mortgage izibopho nezinhlupheko ihange imishudo ukufakwa izakhiwo zophahla.

Have kwesigaba mina-okwenyanga noma T-cross umlenze phansi futhi simise trapezoid. Eshalofini phansi luphakanyiswa ezindaweni lapho kucatshangwa ukufakwa ophahleni imishayo.

Podstropilnye kanye ubude ugongolo main kukhona 12-foot, ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa imitha-18 noma imitha-24 imikhiqizo. ukuphakama Central 1.5 amamitha, e izigxobo ensimini - 0.6 amamitha. Ububanzi flange ephansi - 0.7 amamitha. Kufanele abe ezithile kabili tee Ubukhulu ugongolo. GOST 19425-74.

Podstropilnaya kwagcizelela truss ukhonkolo

Ukhonkolo podstropilnye truss elisetshenziswa bamisa kudivayisi uphahla. Have esime trapezoid, lapho amabhande ezimbili: phansi - kanye nohlobo engenhla ovundlile - ezitshekile ukwakhiwa. Okwamanje, i-eziphuthuma kakhulu kukhona bezraskosye ipulazi Precast ukhonkolo.

Ukuze aqinisekise trusses Uphahla izakhi ukweseka izingxenye podstropilnyh zithuthukiswa. Ukufaka ikhava amapuleti ezilungiselelwe kule izisekelo yokubeka. Racks futhi aphansi ibhande podstropilnoy ipulazi zenziwa nge pre-ukucindezeleka. Isetshenziswa ukwenziwa obuphathekayo 300-500 brand.

Njengoba kule samuntu girder zinikezwa izakhi zensimbi linamathele podstropilnyh amapulazi zokuthola ukuthi amakholomu kanye izisekelo.

Steel imishayo podstropilnye

Steel izinhlelo abe ubude 12 metres, 18 amamitha, 24 amamitha, 48 amamitha zingenziwa eside. Ikhipha ayefana kulabo semishayweni esetshenziswa. Siqukethe esishintshashintshayo ezimbili: yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Upper uhlezi phezu kwetafula ukugibela ikholomu kanye nalokho omiswe imishudo. I ephansi ugongolo ibhande unamathele ikholomu esebenzisa Amabha ovundlile.

Podstropilnaya truss steel

parallel Made nge amabhande yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Ubude zifane futhi elingamamitha angu-12, 18 amamitha, 24 amamitha. Kuye uhlobo ophahleni truss, ukuphakama podstropilnoy design kungaba 3.13 metres, 3.27 metres uphinde uthele kancane 3,75 amamitha.

Axube amakholomu Kwenziwa usebenzisa izinsika nadopornyh, okwakwenzelwa kulo Trusses ophahleni.

Okwamanje ngokuphakeme ezimbonini isicelo engasindi ukwakhiwa steel steel truss yokukhiqiza ukuhluka. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo ijabulise noma girder enezindonga mncane. Nale design, ipulazi kukhicite lula, ukusetshenziswa ukuncipha ensimbi womshini zabo, ethemini ye ukufakwa kwabo kuyehla.

Ngokhuni uhlelo podstropilnye

Izakhiwo ezenziwe ngokhuni eklanyelwe sibasekele uhlelo truss, abe namandla enkulu ngokwanele kanye ukumelana emathonyeni amaningi ezonakalisayo. Bona okuhlala lapho esetshenziswa izitshalo ne izindlela ezivamile mayelana lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Embonini yezokwakha, bajwayele ezakhiweni lapho kukhona okungekuhle imvelo we metal nokhonkolo.

Ngokwe ezakhayo ingqondo podstropilnye ukuhlukanisa izakhi ngesimo:

• Imishayo.
• Amapulazi.
• Arches.
• Ram.

Uma ubude eyiminyaka isakhiwo 18 metres, isetshenziswa podstropilnaya ukhuni imishayo. Ezakhiweni lapho nezipani inkulu ngokwanele --30 metres, kungcono ukusebenzisa lokhuni podstropilnyh amapulazi. Arches futhi ezenziwe ngokhuni njengoba izakhi podstropilnyh kungukuthi wayevame ukusebenzisa.

Ngokhuni ugongolo podstropilnaya

Embonini yezokwakha imishayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, ethe njo ndawonye amabhodi. imiklamo ezinjalo Sinemandla futsi okuhlala isikhathi eside ukwedlula imikhiqizo okuqinile, ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane ezihlukahlukene podstropilnyh ngemishayo. Izihloko of kwesakhiwo ugodo laminated kabanzi kudivayisi ukufulela izinhlelo. Lonke round ugodo zingamelana ukucindezeleka kakhulu, kodwa kakhulu kunabayeni laminated yokwakha yaseGrisi izingodo eguqa.

Node splicing podstropilnoy imishayo yokhuni kungabonakala isithombe ngezansi.

I cross-ingxenye ugongolo aboncamane nofana mina-ugongolo. Imishayo engenhla kanye amabhande aphansi podstropilnoy kungenzeka ibhande parallel noma gable-phezulu nebhande ovundlile noma eziphukile aphansi. Uma span ubude ngamamitha ayi-15 avame ukusetshenziswa mina-ngemishayo ezindongeni amabhodi noma plywood futhi yisikwele eqinisa izimbambo.

Ngokhuni podstropilnaya ipulazi

Izinto eziyinhloko womshini Trusses sokhuni kukhona imigoqo podstropilnyh, amabhodi noma izingodo. Nokubopha izakhi kungenzeka esebenzisa hardware metal, amapuleti. Kube kwakwandile ethe njo lokhuni podstropilnye ipulazi. Amabhande eyenziwe ububanzi okuqhubekayo. Nale ndlela yokukhiqiza, enisemikhawulweni izakhi kochungechunge yokuxhuma eyenziwa spikes toothed kanye anemifantu efanayo okwenyanga. Glue isetshenziswa bonke ubuso joint, sicindezelwe eminye imininingwane ukwakhiwa.

Okuhlezi emqondweni lokhuni izakhi uvumelanise futhi podstropilnye ipulazi

Podstropilnye kwagcizelela izakhi lokhuni sinombono okhulisa yabo. Njengoba lisetshenziswe ukuqinisa steel noma-fiberglass. Unamathisela izingxenye yokugcizelela ngaphakathi ngokhuni Usebenzisa ingcina epoxy. Ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa ukuqinisa prestressing.

ukufakwa

Ukufaka podstropilnyh ngemishayo Trusses wenziwa kanje. Podstropilnye kwagcizelela izakhi ugongolo eziphathekako epulazini ngosizo esishunyekiwe metal izingxenye basuke eziphothene ngqo izindonga ekupheleni amakholomu. Okungenzeka ukukhweza kubo ku amabhawudo. Okuhlezi emqondweni ukhonkolo noma console metal amatafula kwimikhiqizo podstropilnyh umsebenzi njengoba ebizwa evele ukuzalela izakhiwo zophahla.

Steel Trusses anamekwe ohlangothini metal amakholomu nadkolonniku kuzithinta phansi. ukuphakama Its 0.7 m. talomunye ipulazi amabhande engenhla abethela. Trusses ukuphumula amatafula podstropilnyh amapulazi futhi unamathele amakholomu we patella.

Ngokhuni ugongolo podstropilnye kudivayisi uphahla zimi kanje (bheka. I isithombe).

Ukufaka imishayo ukuze Gable ophahleni

Lapho kukhona kwezingange zombili ezazingasensimini umthwalo eziveza ingaphakathi, truss uhlelo ogibele izakhi podstropilnye isakhiwo. Kulokhu, bancika sill, ngokusebenzisa Racks amabhodi, kanye Izindonga zangaphakathi. Ngokuvamile, lezi ezimbili izakhiwo podstropilnye ugongolo ibekwe eduze ophahleni. Kusebenza samuntu enjalo ukuphakama setshe kuya bulala ophahleni by 1.4 amamitha ukuba 2.5 amamitha. Kulokhu, ngaphansi kophahla, isikhala ngokwanele khulula, angasetshenziswa njengenhlangano ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu.

Podstropilnaya uvumelanise, noma kokuqina, kungenziwa agibele amahhashi ngqo semishayweni esifundeni eyingxenye eyodwa kokuthathu yemali ukuphakama kusukela ophahleni ukuze ugema. Lolu khetho ikuvumela ukuba wandise ivolumu isikhala yangaphakathi ngaphansi kophahla. Umshayo, podstropilnaya uhlelo nophahla lapha ukudlala indima izindonga zangaphandle kanye nezigqoko.

Umshayo futhi podstropilnye imishayo kungabonakala isithombe esihlokweni.

Okokuqala, ku imishayo kakhulu podstropilnye mauerlat embondelene kokubili ezindongeni zendlu. Ngo samuntu indlu lokhuni isetshenziswa esikhundleni mauerlat engenhla umqhele isidumbu. Imishayo kufanele kube ngokuqinile parallel nomunye, ungabheka lokhu ngokuhlela yokulinganisa ibanga phakathi imikhawulo ngokuphambeneyo. Imishayo amanga nge protrusion okungenani 0.5 amamitha emakhaya ipherimitha onqenqemeni. Uma ubude ebhodini wokuthi imfushane kunalokho adingekayo umshayo, Splice senziwa imishayo podstropilnyh.

Khona-ke wonke umuntu akhululeke izindophi embondelene phakathi imishayo both qeda kanye nokweseka kubo ngu ezingeni. At ibanga imitha elilodwa kusukela isethi ngesikhathi podstropilnaya ugongolo elandelayo. Futhi itholakala ngakolunye uhlangothi ebhodini. Qiniseka ukuhlola abathume nendawo. embondelene Ngakho asele ugongolo podstropilnye lonke ubude odongeni.

Ukuqondanisa amabhodi ziboya ngale kwezindonga, alinganisiwe 0.5 imitha ku emkhawulweni ugongolo ngayinye, intambo sisalokhu. Ugongolo emaphakathi wenza uphawu entambeni, wabona off imikhawulo ngokweqile. Ngaphezu podstropilnuyu uhlelo efakwe eziveza semishayweni.

Izivakashi ngeke podstropilnym izakhiwo

Ukuze womshini imiklamo ferro ukuphatse isicelo podstropilnyh GOST 20372-2015, sacala kusebenta ku 1 Januwari 2017. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, isetshenziswa ukwenziwa ukhonkolo esindayo noma engasindi kwesakhiwo. Steel podstropilnye ipulazi ezenziwe ngokuhambisana GOST 27579-88. Kuye cacisa laminated kabili tee Ubukhulu ugongolo. GOST 19425-74.