Imithetho Basic yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali

Ukuphila kwethu yesimanje kakhulu ukukholelwa ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke amathuluzi amaningi ewusizo, ezisukela yokuwasha izimpushana futhi deodorants, ziphethe izithasiselo chemical e ukudla. Zonke induduzo indoda yesimanje ngezindlela eziningi baba sibonga kungenzeka phambili umkhakha zamakhemikhali, esikhathini esidlule 100 eminyakeni ukwenze kuyisinyathelo esikhulu phambili. Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, okuyinto Kwatholakala futhi washayelwa ngaphezu kwezinsuku zokugcina 3 eminyaka, kwakheka isisekelo ucwaningo kanye nakho okuwusizo ukuthi iye yaba nemiphumela emihle omuhle.

Ngakho, liyini chemistry futhi yini umsebenzi wayo obalulekile okwamanje? Ngokuvamile, chemistry isayensi izinto, amaphethini kanye kugucuka yabo ngokuvumelana izakhiwo imvelo. imithetho Basic yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali zisuselwa ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba ngaphandle - noma kunalokho, izinto zobujamo ahlukahlukene vusa nemvelo ezingaphili, ngenxa eziningi izinto lungatholwa elinikeziwe ubuchwepheshe impahla entsha ngokuphelele esiyingqayizivele chemical izakhiwo.

Kuze kube manje, bangaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane. Organic futhi mayelana 5 Mill. Compounds Inorganic iziphi kabanzi isetshenziselwe ukudala ezihlukahlukene izinto futhi amalungiselelo. Ngenxa intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe bama-computer zakamuva, ngaphezu-chemistry babehlobene eyala zesayensi, njenge-biochemistry kanye ekhemisi, sibonga ngalo ukuthi singabalandeli isebenza ukuthuthukisa imithi emisha kanye imigomo ezifweni eziyingozi.

imithetho Basic yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali zihlanganisa postulate main - zonke izinto ezikhona phansi, kungenziwa siguqulelwa nezinye, oyohluka kusukela esidlule izakhiwo, ukubunjwa, isakhiwo kanye nokubukeka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ucwaningo okusebenzayo kanye nakho kubaluleke kakhulu isayensi, ngoba ngemva ukuthuthukiswa theory kanye nokuthuthukiswa amafomula entsha amakhemikhali yi esisebenzayo kuphela unganquma ukuthi le mpumelelo simile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

imithetho Basic futhi imiqondo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali zihlanganisa imfundiso yama-athomu-yamangqamuzana, ositshela ukuthi yonke into emhlabeni eyakhiwa molecule athomu, akha crystal ngehele ethize. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, njengoba i-athomu sakhiwa izinhlayiya ezincane - electron ezungeza i-nucleus yayo i analog yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Ngemva kokutholakala isakhiwo athomu, ososayensi abaningi sebekholelwa isiphetho esithakazelisayo ukuthi yonke kuyinto afana kuya ukwakheka kwama-molecule izidakamizwa.

Ngaphezu isakhiwo ngokwaso, imithetho eyisisekelo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, thina liyasho ukuthi i-nucleus ye-athomu ungaba icala emihle noma emibi, esithinta ngqo property into. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ucwaningo, kwaba sobala ukuthi le ndoda ngosizo labo noma ezinye manipulations zingashintsha Izinga lokushaja ye-athomu, ekufezeni ngenxa yezinguquko property izinto ezithile.

Chemistry kuyinto wesayensi oyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqonda imithetho ukuthi kungase kudingeke lonke ekuphileni. Namuhla kule ndawo ukuqhuba eziningi ososayensi ehola ngubani bayatfutfuka izinto ezintsha kanye Izingxube, ngenxa okuyinto izinkinga eziningi lwesintu kungaxazululwa. Inxanxathela amafomula yamangqamuzana nezibalo uvumele izilinganiso owandulelayo Ukwakheka ikusasa ndaba oludinga umkhakha abasebenzi chemical ngokujulile ulwazi kanye kohlaziyo engqondweni.

Uma sikhuluma izakhamuzi ezivamile, nemiqondo eyisisekelo kanye imithetho yamakhemikhali kufanele bazazi umuntu ngamunye, njengoba uyoyinika eziningi usizo, ngisho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Yingakho kakhulu ngendlela asizange ezihlobene chemistry izisekelo zayo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwazi umuntu wanamuhla futhi ophucuzekile.