Ion - kukhona athomu baphathe icala

Cishe zonke umbonile izimakethe okuthiwa "Chandeliers Chizhevskogo» kuyiphi ion negative emoyeni zikhulisa quantitatively. Nokho, ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, akubona bonke ukukhumbula ncamashi kwencazelo umqondo. Ion - izinhlayiya icala kuba, walahlekelwa isici zabo zama-athomu evamile angathathi hlangothi. Futhi manje kancane xaxa.

Ama-athomu omoya "Akulungile"

Njengoba wazi, isibalo esikhulu ethebuleni Mendeleev, ezihlobene inani proton Kuyi-nucleus athomu. Kungani ama-electron? Ngoba inani kanye ukuphelela electron, nakuba kuthonywa izakhiwo ye-athomu, kodwa alicacisi izakhiwo zalo eziyisisekelo elihlobene ne-ikhenela. Electron ayikwazi uphuthelwe, futhi kungase kube kakhulu. Ion - ke nje Atoms ne "okungalungile" isibalo electron. Futhi kuyindida omuhle eyaziwa ngokuthi kokuba ukuntula electron futhi okungekuhle - ngokweqile.

Okuncane amagama

Njengoba kukhona ion? Lona umbuzo olula - Ezemfundo ezimbili kuphela izindlela. Noma chemical umzila, noma ngokomzimba. Umphumela kungaba ion omuhle, okuyinto evame ukubizwa ngokuthi seka, futhi ongathandeki, ngokulandelana anion. Ukuntula noma ngokweqile kwenkokhiso kungaba athomu eyodwa noma i-molecule lonke, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kubhekwa ekhethekile polyhydric ion hlobo.

Isifiso ukuzinza

Uma medium ionization, isibonelo, igesi, khona-ke kukhona isilinganiso quantitatively ezilinganiselwe ka-electron futhi ion omuhle. Kodwa lesi simo sibangelwa ezingavamile (ezibaliwe uma kuduma izulu eduze ilangabi), igesi kule wombuso ezishintshwe lapho isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, ngakho-ke, hlabathi uyakwazi emoyeni ukuphendula ion - olungavamile. Le gesi - imvelo ushintsha ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma isenzo yezici ionizing liyaphela, ama-ion uhlangabezana nomunye, futhi aphinde abe ama-athomu hlangothi. Lena isimo sabo esivamile sokuphila.

liquid nolaka

Ion in inqwaba kungenzeka eziqukethwe emanzini. Iqiniso lokuthi amanzi molecule - izinhlayiya lapho kagesi is basakaza Ukuboshelwa phezu molecule abakubonisayo dipoles kokuba ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubhekene necala omuhle ngakolunye - ezingezinhle. Futhi lapho amanzi kubonakala solute, amanzi molecule nge izigxobo zazo kagesi isinyathelo ketshezi wanezela, ionizing ke. Isibonelo esihle amanzi olwandle, lapho sebuningini izinto ezikhona ifomu ezifana ion. It is kubantu eyaziwa kudala. Esimweni ngenhla iphuzu elithile athomu abaningi kangaka, lokhu igobolondo ubizwa ngokuthi ionosphere. emisebeni yelanga ibulala ama-athomu ozinzile futhi ama-molecule. I izinhlayiya esimweni ionized angase abanike imibala engavamile emhlabeni izidakamizwa. Isibonelo - engavamile ayigugu ezigqamile.

Ion - ngesisekelo ukuphila, ngoba inqubo eyisisekelo yokuthola amandla kusuka ATP akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokudala i izinhlayiya kagesi engazinzile ngokwayo kwezimila yeselula kusekelwe ekusebenzisaneni ion kanye sebuningini chemical izinqubo catalyzed ngu enzyme kwenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa ionization. Akumangazi ukuthi ezinye izinto kulesi sifundazwe, umuntu edla. Isibonelo zakudala - ewusizo ion esiliva.