KumiswaIzilimi

Imithetho eyisisekelo ngolimi Latin. Ukuncipha ngesiLatini

Latin - is inflected ulimi (ie, it has anhlobonhlobo affixes), elingelakwaJuda iqembu Italy. Zibonisa umyalelo khulula kwamagama ukwakhiwa imisho. Amabizo kuthiwa ziyadlula inombolo bese icala njengoba izabizwana kanye tiphawulo (kuhlanganise participles) ziyehluka inombolo, icala futhi uhlobo; zenzo unqabile abantu usuku, isikhathi, eseduze nokuthambekela. Ngakho, ukwehla Latin - isigaba wayevame ukusebenzisa. Verbal inflections (eziyimpumelelo netijobelelo) Latin ingenye onhlobonhlobo phakathi kwezilimi Indo-European. Latin kubhekwa yakudala e yezilimi.

Umlando Omfushane ulimi Latin

Latin ekuqaleni akhulunywa Latium, Italy. Ngokusebenzisa amandla Roman Republic Latin ikhonye, okokuqala e-Italy bese kuwo wonke uMbuso WaseRoma. Latin oluyinhlamba ukuthi uphinde uzalwe izilimi zesiLatini ezifana isiNtaliyane, isiPutukezi, iSpanishi, isiFulentshi futhi Romanian. Latin, isiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi ilethe amazwi ngesiNgisi. Latin futhi izimpande isiGreki imigomo asetshenziswa yezenkolo, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, futhi imithi. Ekupheleni kuka-Republic Roman (75 BC. E.) Drevnelatinsky ulimi yaphenduka zakudala. Latin oluyinhlamba okwakhulunywa fomu. It kufakazelwa e imibhalo nemisebenzi bemidlalo Roman ezifana Plautus futhi Terence.

Late alfabhethi Latin yavela yayakha eduze lesithathu AD leminyaka. Latin Medieval yasetshenziselwa kusukela ekhulwini IX kuze Yempucuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba obhekwe Latin yesimanje, waqala ukuba ziphenduke. IsiLatini sasiwulimi lokuxhumana ngamazwe, isayensi kanye nemfundiso yenkolo. ulimi Latin isayensi kwaba kuze ngekhulu XVIII, lapho liqala ukuba azixoshe nezinye izilimi zaseYurophu. Ecclesiastical Latin uhlala ulimi olusemthethweni Holy See futhi lonke Latin Rite of the Catholic Church.

Ithonya Latin ngezinye izilimi

ulimi Latin injalo olukhulunywa ebizwe inhlamba Latin (ngomqondo - "abantu"), saba ulimi-praosnovoy kwezinye izilimi kazwelonke European, united kwelinye igatsha ulimi ngokuthi Romanesque. Ngesikhathi umsuka lezi zilimi ziyezwana phakathi kwazo okwamanje, kukhona umehluko omkhulu, ezakhiwe njengoba Latin savela emazweni ayenqotshiwe eziningi eminyaka. IsiLatini njengolimi ngolimi-praosnova ushintsho okuningi ngaphansi kwethonya ngezilimi zendawo zomdabu kanye nezilimi zezigodi.

Incazelo emfushane Latin lolimi

Latin - kuyinto zokwenziwa, ulimi inflected ngekusho kwelulwimi ngezigaba. Lokho ulimi, okusenzeka ubuswa bheke usebenzisa inflections. Inflections kukhona izinhlobo izinguquko izimpande amazwi noma ngababili. amazwi Latin zihlanganisa lucebe isici semantic futhi ekupheleni nge inkomba ukusetshenziswa lolimi izwi. Nokuhlanganiswa impande, okuyinto linencazelo igama ukuphela kudala izakhi icwecwe kakhulu isiphakamiso: isibonelo, Amo, "I love you", abenziwe element semantic, am- "uthando", kanye -O ekupheleni, okubonisa ukuthi esenzweni lokuqala umuntu eliyingqayizivele futhi isijobelelo.

Nokwehla amabizo ngesiLatini

Isilinganiso Ibizo Latin kungokwalabo elinye lamaqembu ezinhlanu ezinkulu declinations, okusho kokuba okufanayo ukuma eziyimpumelelo. Nokwehla Latin Ibizo kunqunywa icala genitive elisebunyeni. Lokho kudinga ukuba ngazi zebizo genitive. Futhi, esimweni ngasinye has ekupheleni kwaso. isiZulu emabito Latin kuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo.

  • Eyokuqala kukhona amabizo njengabesifazane, kanye owesilisa, ozokwelusa ukubiza umuntu omatasa noma ubuzwe. 1 Nokwehla Latin kunqunywa genitive elisebunyeni isiphetho -ae. Ngokwesibonelo: persa - Persian; Agricola - umlimi. Ngokuyinhloko, ukwehla sokuqala kunjalo ophela -a.
  • 2 ukwehla Latin ikakhulukazi uphela ngohlamvu - obakhathalelayo. Ezinqunywe genitive elisebunyeni isiphetho -I. isiZulu Okwesibili ngemabito wesilisa ku -us, -er, ku -um isilinganiso kanye neqembu elincane amathokheni njengabesifazane eligcina -us.
  • 3 ukwehla Latin - iqembu kuhle ahlukahlukene amabizo. Abakwazi zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko.
    1. Ongwaqa.
    2. Unkamisa.
    3. Mixed. Abafundi kufanele bafunde ngokucophelela izigaba ezintathu zokuqala.
  • I isiZulu lesine, ikakhulu iphela y ncwadi temagama zebizo. Ezimisele genitive elisebunyeni isiphetho -ūs.
  • Ukuncipha yesihlanu Latin ikakhulukazi uphela ngohlamvu -e ezimweni. Ezimisele genitive elisebunyeni isiphetho -ei. Leli qembu elincane amabizo.

Ngakho, ukwehla Latin wehlukile ngempela, ngoba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uwukubonakaliswa ulimi Latin inflected. Nokwehla tiphawulo ngolimi Latin akahlukile amabizo. Empeleni, ngezindlela eziningi iyafana isiRashiya, bakuphi futhi Nokwehla efanayo. Iqembu eziningi kakhulu kwamagama Latin - kuyinto isiZulu Ibizo 1. Latin sihlanganisa inani lamagama ezingenziwanga kunqatshelwe.

Latin affixes ibizo

Classical Latin has amacala ayisikhombisa zebizo. Nokwehla tiphawulo ngesiLatini kuvumelana emabito ukwehla. Cabanga zonke izimo eziyisikhombisa:

  • Icala nominative isetshenziswa lapho ibizo isihloko noma isilandiso. Ngokwesibonelo, amor izwi - thanda, puella - intombazane. Lokho ifomu sokuqala zebizo.
  • Ibizo Genitive eveza somunye ndaba.
  • Umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi isetshenziswa uma Ibizo iyona engaqondile umphelelisi iziphakamiso nesenzo ekhethekile, nabanye izaba.
  • icala umenziwa wesenzo isetshenziswa lapho ibizo iyona into eqondile mayelana nale ndaba futhi benze sengathi ezibonisa indawo uya.
  • Ablative esetshenziswa uma Ibizo ubonisa ngokwahlukana noma ukunyakaza umthombo, kubangela ithuluzi, noma uma isetshenziswa nesisekeli njengendlela into Ibizo nge bondzaweni ethize.
  • icala yokubiza isetshenziswa lapho ibizo eveza ireferensi isihloko. Yokubiza kuvumelana Ibizo ifomu nominative, ngaphandle yesibili Nokwehla Ibizo eligcina -us.
  • icala Locative isetshenziswa ucacise indawo (okuhambelana isabizwana Russian noma ku). Sebenzisa Kulokhu kuphela kulo mongo.

Ukuphela (Latin) I lezinkanuko sibuyekeze ngenhla kafushane. Isib 1 declinations, bungokulandelayo: -a, -ae, -ae, -am, -a, -a.

Nokwehla amabizo ngesiLatini kubonakala kunjalo eziyimpumelelo.

Latin Isenzo conjugations isigaba

Isenzo Ordinary ngesiLatini, libhekisela omunye conjugations amane ayinhloko. Conjugation - Lesi sigaba tento kokuba eziyimpumelelo efanayo. Conjugation ebizwa ngokuthi incwadi sesenzo impande usuku lokugcina. Kuyakuba khona impande sikhathi samanje kungatholakala ngokufunda sokukhipha kwekusebentisa ophela -RE (-ri l otlozhitelnyh ngoba tento). Okokuqala conjugation kwekusebentisa izophela (izwi yekwentiwa) --ā-kabusha noma --ā-ri, isibonelo: Amare - "uthando", hortārī - "khuthaza" conjugations lesibili - ku -e-kabusha noma -e-ri : monēre - "ukuxwayisa", verērī, - "ukusabisa" le conjugation yesithathu - ukuze -ere, -I: dūcere - "ukuphila", Uti - "sebenzisa"; yesine -I-kabusha, -I-ri: audīre - "ukuzwa", experīrī - "zama." Ngakho, isenzo Latin conjugated ngumuntu, kuye ubulungu conjugation.

Times Latin isenzo

ELatin kukhona 6 nalesitako ethize (time), okuyinto kancane kutholakala kuphela isiRashiya. Lawa mafomu okulandelayo zinhlobo-esishubile:

  • Okwamanje.
  • Odlule abangaphelele esishubile.
  • Esidlule lesengcile.
  • Pluperfect (pluperfect) isikhathi.
  • Ngokuzayo lesengcile.
  • Ikusasa abangaphelele esishubile.

Njalo has ifomula ayo futhi unelungelo lemfundo. Isenzo Latin has imikhakha kwemizwelo futhi eseduze.

    silulumagama Latin

    Kusukela Latin ulimi I-ithalikhi, okuningi silulumagama yayo futhi I-ithalikhi, okusho protoindoevroeyskogo umsuka lasendulo. Nokho, ngenxa eduze nokuxhumana kwamasiko phakathi Roma hhayi kuphela, wenza ushintsho kuleyo zamagama Etruscan eLatin, kodwa futhi waboleka amanye amagama Etruscan. Latin sihlanganisa silulumagama lathathwa oskov, beya kwabanye abantu lasendulo I-ithalikhi. Yiqiniso, isigaba ngobukhulu imalimboleko - kusukela esiGrekini.

    izilimi Latin

    Romance izilimi - iqembu nezilimi zezigodi okuqondene Ithalikhi Iqembu elingaphansi kwama-Indo-European, futhi sinokhokho oyedwa - Latin. Igama lazo - romance - igama elithi livela Latin Romanus (wamaRoma).

    Yegatsha wesayensi yezilimi ukuthi etadisha izilimi zesiLatini, abo imvelaphi, ukuthuthukiswa, typology, ngokuthi Romance kolimi. Izizwe abakhuluma nabo ngokuthi romanoyazychnymi. Ngakho, ulimi efile iyaqhubeka nokuba khona kuyo. Inombolo abakhuluma izilimi Romance okwamanje - angu-800 million emhlabeni wonke. Okuvame kakhulu eqenjini is Spanish ke kulandele isiPutukezi kanye French. Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 ngezilimi ezingu-Romance.

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