Isilinganiso yomthetho wezizwe zomphakathi kanye nezizimele ngamazwe. Letifanako kanye netintfo letehlukile komphakathi wamazwe omhlaba futhi umthetho wangasese

Phakathi nesikhathi, isintu wayebheke umlamuli ezifanele kakhulu ubudlelwane zomphakathi. Ukudalwa kwawo kwakudingekile ukuba inhlangano ngempumelelo amaqembu amakhulu wabantu. Ngokuhamba isikhathi eside, siye sazama ubudlova futhi inkolo. Ekuqaleni, lezi zigaba ubé ngempumelelo kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwacaca ukuthi ubudlova isebenza kuphela umphakathi ukwethuka, futhi inkolo kuphela amakholwa. Ngakho-ke, abantu baye baqala abaningi ukuba banake ilungelo, okuyinto ubelokhu ekhona.

Kuze kube manje, kulesi sigaba kuyinto uhlelo kunalokho nzima yeziqondiso, okuyinto ihlukaniswe sub-imikhakha kanye nezikhungo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona izindawo ezithize wesi zomthetho, kwekhono okuhlanganisa ubuhlobo kunalokho ekhethekile. Phakathi kwalezi manje siphakathi umkhakha ngamazwe. Igama layo lesi-zanamuhla is a ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, njengoba ezikhathini zasendulo, umqondo wegama elithi "umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe" Kalula nje wayengekho. Kodwa ngekhulu xxi, imboni esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ine isakhiwo ayo. Okungaphansi kwenkululeko mthethonqubo siyasebenza yangasese ngamazwe komthetho womphakathi. I engavamile we ubuhlobo salezi zigaba ekujabulisayo izingqondo ososayensi iminyaka eminingi.

Uyini umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe?

umsebenzi Mutual ithi yayikhona ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imisebenzi wezwe ngamazwe emkhakheni impi, ukuhweba, umnotho, njll Kulokhu, iziqondiso ezingokomthetho zokubambisana okunjalo esase sikhona kakade eminyakeni eminingi edlule. ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni babe izivumelwano waphetha phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Yiqiniso, isivumelwano esinjalo ababenayo ekuqaleni uhlamvu banal kakhulu. Kodwa nge ukuthuthukiswa kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo kanye izinhlelo somthetho wamazwe amaningi kanye nezivumelwano international baqala ukuthola umbono abafundile ngaphezulu. Ngemva kwalokho, isivumelwano phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili wathatha lonke isakhiwo noma umthombo kwezomthetho. It is uvunyelwe ukukhuluma mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu i umkhakha wezomthetho ngamazwe, elawula umsebenzi emkhakheni we nokubambisana phakathi kwalawa mazwe. Iphuzu eliyinhloko kwelungelo uhlamvu ngamazwe iyona Maphakathi nekhulu XX, lapho izwe kukhona izinhlangano ezifana UN.

umkhakha isakhiwo

umthetho International isakhiwo nzima. It kungenziwa ihlukaniswe sub-imikhakha kanye nezikhungo. Nokho, kunezici ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu, okuyinto owabunjwa eminyakeni eminingi. Ngakho, ezingxenyeni ukhiye isakhi umkhakha kuyinto:

• umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe yangasese (pil) ;
• Public International Law (WFP);

Bobabili izakhi amelwa izici zawo, izici kanye nezimiso. Nokho, ososayensi bakhathazekile kakhulu mayelana nokuxhumana komphakathi wamazwe omhlaba kanye nezomthetho wezizwe ngezizwe yangasese. Le nkinga ngoba semali isikhathi sathinteka lapho abacwaningi abaningi. Kodwa evelele abanekhono timphawu letibalulekile izigatshana isilinganiso isikhungo kumele ibhekelele izinto izici zabo ngokwehlukile.

Kuyini IPL?

umthetho kazwelonke yangasese ubunjalo sub-indastri akubhekwa usesho isihloko. Into wukuthi kule ndawo wesi iqoqo kwezinkambiso wezomthetho iziqondiso ezisemthethweni zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe elawula ubudlelwane nemvelo civil, nzima isici angaphandle ngqo. Ngamanye amazwi, lo IPL akuyona legatsha ezimele. Kuyinto kuphela kuhlanganiswe inombolo hybrid enkulu kwezinkambiso zomthetho kuhlobene.

Izimiso MPP

Isebenze amalungelo ngamazwe owenziwa ngasese kusekelwe ezizathwini ezithile. Kuyinto ba ababangela ngqo jikelele lonke sub-umkhakha. Ngokusho theory ethandwa, izimiso ezilandelayo SPE, isibonelo:

• eziseqhulwini emphakathini;
• inadmissibility of de empeleni waba ukubandlulula of ubudlelwano ukuhweba nabalingani kuyinto owezizwe;
• nokubambisana kuzo zonke izindawo kwezohwebo namabhizinisi;
• isiphetho obunokuthula zonke izingxabano eziphakama, njll

Yiqiniso, lokhu nani aliphelelanga, kodwa ikhombisa izici eziyinhloko eyisisekelo MCHP.

Isilinganiso yomthetho wezizwe zomphakathi kanye nezizimele ngamazwe

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi WFP kuyinto sub-indastri search isihloko. Eqinisweni, ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba njengoba injalo classical ngokuqondile. Waphetha ngezikhungo kanye nemigomo yeNhlangano ukulawulwa umkhakha eziyisisekelo. Isilinganiso yomthetho wezizwe zomphakathi kanye nezizimele ngamazwe wenziwa kuphela ngemva kwesikhashana. Ngokwesibonelo, MPP ulawula ubudlelwane emkhakheni wezohwebo phakathi izinhlangano angaphandle. Nokho, ukuhweba ngokwayo kungenzeka kuphela uma kwezifunda ethile ngemvume izivumelwano ezithile, okuyinto, zibuye udaba oludinga ezinhlakeni zomphakathi.

Esinye isibonelo esihle kuyinto amalungiselelo ayisisekelo. Iphuzu liwukuthi izimiso WFP ebizela othile nemibandela zonke izimboni ezisondelene, enye yazo kuyinto MPP. Ngakho, imisebenzi izikhonzi zawo awukwazi nganoma iyiphi indlela akuphikisani nezinhlinzeko eziyisisekelo isihloko emkhakheni komthetho.

Isilinganiso yomthetho wezizwe zomphakathi kanye nezizimele ngamazwe kungabonakala nakulokho emisebenzini izinhlangano zezwe. Letakhi bangahlangano khona ndzawonye ubuhlobo zokuhweba. Kodwa yokudalwa senzeka phakathi kohlaka imithetho zakudala umkhakha ngamazwe.

imikhakha Ukuhlolwa

Ngakho, nazo zonke izici kushiwo ngaphambili, singaqokomisa izici isici kakhulu zombili izigaba. Ukufana yomthetho wezizwe ezimele kanye nekahulumeni kungabonakala khona isici angaphandle. Okungukuthi, zombili izigaba zilawula ubuhlobo lapho amaqembu ezakho isifunda esisodwa. Nokho, kukhona ngelinye iso ngenkinga indlela ezihlobana umthetho ezimele kanye nekahulumeni ngamazwe. Umehluko phakathi mikhakha zisabonakala:

• khona izimiso ezahlukene;
• ukuba khona imithombo ehlukene;
• kwekhono olawula nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, njll

Yiqiniso, i-ratio umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe zomphakathi kanye nezizimele ngamazwe ayixhomekile kuphela izici zayo kulezi futhi efanayo izigaba. Nokho, lezi zici elichaza ngokugcwele kokubili imihlola.

isiphetho

Ngakho, esihlokweni esiye sazama ukuthola ukuthi yini i-international yangasese futhi umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe yomphakathi. Ukuqhathanisa salezi zigaba yabonisa izikhathi eziningi othize. Kodwa kuphephile ukusho ukuthi kokubili izenzakalo iminyaka eminingi ukuba athuthukiswe, njengoba impendulo isobala ezinkingeni ubuhlobo babo nje asipheli.