Imoto ku-hydrogen. Generator okwesikhathi hydrogen imoto

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zigcine amafutha emhlabeni wonke siphele. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kubonakala kungeke kwenzeke kwesokudla kusasa, kodwa namuhla intengo kaphethiloli sakhula kakhulu ngesisekelo uwoyela. Leli qiniso waba isisusa esihle Onjiniyela abenza lo mshini, uphethiloli ngekusasa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube okungaphezu nje nophethiloli futhi, mhlawumbe, uphethiloli uvuseleleke. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imoto ku-hydrogen - ithoyizi. Ake sibone ukuthi kungani kunjalo.

kukawoyela Ngokuzayo

Mayelana nalesi fuel kudala wabhala kohambo lwakhe amanoveli ka umlobi odumile Zhyul Vern. Kwelinye amanoveli akhe on isihloko umthombo wamandla kagesi umbhali wathi umkhiqizo amandla kuyoba amanzi plain. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Yebo, akusiyo eqanjiwe.

Amanzi, noma kunalokho, omunye izingxenye zalo - hydrogen - ungowokuqala chemical isici hhayi kuphela. Libuye libe umthombo wamandla esizayo. Cabanga lokhu esizayo isivele eduze kakhulu.

Namuhla, izinkampani Japanese akhiqiza izinjini ezisebenza kuphela kulolu hlobo nophethiloli. Imoto ku-hydrogen avela "Toyota" - imoto yokuqala akhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke ifakwe lokhu injini.

Umshini kuyinto sedan-umnyango ezine. Kuyinto kagesi amandla motor e 151 l. a. Ungase ubuze, ngani hydrogen, ngoba motor kagesi? Asivume.

"Toyota bomhlaba" ubuchwepheshe

I motor kagesi lusekelwa ngamandla Converter ekhethekile. Futhi ithole amandla ngokuqondile i-hydrogen. Negesi eziqukethwe amathangi imoto nge umfutho ophakeme. Iziqukathi eyenziwe carbon zesivikelo sesifuba.

Kodwa kusadingeka yomoya-mpilo ukusabela. Yebo, libalulekile. Umshini i-oksijini evela kurediyetha uthola ngqo ngenkathi ushayela. Omunye refueling amabili amathangi hydrogen kungaba sokunqoba imoto kuze kufinyelele 480 km. Refueling kuthatha 3 kuphela imizuzu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuyoba sigcwale 170 amalitha igesi amathangi ngezimoto. Ngokwesilinganiso, imoto ku-hydrogen ukusetshenziswa kuyoba mayelana 4.7 amalitha ngamunye amakhilomitha angu-100.

Isebenza kanjani?

Lapho i-hydrogen ihlangana-mpilo kwenzeka ikhemikhali ukuphendula enobudlova lapho energy kagesi ekhiqizwa. Lilondolozwe ibhethri. Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi imoto kuyinto zokuvumelanisa AC motor.

Ukucaciswa "Japanese"

I speed esiphezulu lapho umshini okwazi hydrogen kuyinto 180 km / h. Ukuze 100 km imoto Ingasheshisa ngemizuzwana 9 nje.

Ngaphandle ukuthi "Japanese" ungakwazi ukugibela hhayi lokulimaza imvelo, njengoba lokhu imoto ingasetshenziswa ekhaya njengoba isitshalo amandla. Onjiniyela nabaqambi owaba nengxenye ekuthuthukiseni iinkambiso zemikhiqizo emitjha, baphikisa ngokuthi lwamanje yanikezwa indlu esebenzisa uhlelo esinjalo. Ngakho, ungakwazi ngokukhululekile ukujabulela ugesi khulula izinsuku 5.

Izaphulelo kubathengi uphethiloli

Lezo zakhamuzi of Japan nase-United States abathenga imoto ku-hydrogen, uzothola izaphulelo ezinkulu kanye refills khulula imishini yabo. Ababhali yeprojekthi wokuvelela ziyaqiniseka ukuthi kuyophumelela. Nokho, ezinye automakers kungukuthi ehlezi izandla. Ngokushesha, abathengi ungathola Ukukhetha enkulu izimoto ku zokubasa okunye.

Elikhulu nelesabekayo

Iqiniso lokuthi e-hydrogen bangaba inombolo 1 ku zokubasa okunye, uthi isikhathi eside. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba bomnotho emuva ngo-2008 okuphrintiwe njalo imibiko kahle ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani amandla e-hydrogen.

Njalo umshini kwi-hydrogen kubhekwe intuthuko, futhi Abadali zayo bakhela cishe njengoba njengomuntu olungile. Ngokuqinisekile abafundi ongaqeqeshiwe nemoto abathanda wayekubheka njengelungelo akwenza, kodwa kumele ukuthi lokhu akunjalo.

engu-150 edlule

Iqiniso liwukuthi ihlukile kulokho okulotshwe namabhulogi enikelwe amandla okunye. Hydrogen, njengoba enjalo, iye yasetshenziswa iminyaka engaba ngu-150. Hydrogen imoto yasisiza ukunqoba impi.

Eyokuqala yangaphakathi omlilo engine uphethiloli enjalo Lenoir lakhiwa ngo-1860. Khona-ke, ngo-1942, kwaba khona abantu abaningi ukudluliswa ezanele wonke ubuchwepheshe yezimoto ivuliwe hydrogen amandla umthombo.

Kwathi nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad. Ekuqaleni i-hydrogen yayizosetshenziselwa kumasistimu emoyeni yokuvikela Balloons. Nokho, onjiniyela omkhulu Russian bakwazile ukushintsha isimo.

Kwenzeka kanjani?

Airbus esetshenziswa ukuze ivikele lo muzi. Lezi ezigcwele phama ne-hydrogen, flying lezinto akhiwe ngerabha akazange avumele izindiza zamaNazi ukuba zisho ukuthi ukuletha umlilo phakathi komuzi.

Nokho, ukuvikela iraba emoyeni kwaba lokususa omkhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi igobolondo Airbus aphuthelwe le gesi, Airbus kunqatshelwe. Kunalokho hydrogen, sathatha ahlukahlukene Umhwamuko uhamba nezinye amagesi. Ngakho ngezinye izikhathi Airbus sehliselwe phansi, pitted futhi aphinde refueled.

Airbus esetshenziselwa refueling nophethiloli indophi amaloli Gaz AA. Futhi ngokuya nokuvinjelwa eLeningrad uphethiloli izindleko eqolo. Impi iye mpilo Amasheya Nama Boris Shelits, ngaleso sikhathi owayese uchwepheshe lempi, wakhonza nje esiteshini igesi ye-Airbus kakhulu. Kanjalo. Akukona babe uphethiloli okungukuthi zonke. Wazama zisebenzisa yokuqalisa flying emizimbeni kagesi ngamawinji. Nokho, maduze nje kwaphela ugesi. Kuye wazama ezahlukene ehlukile imithombo eminingi yamandla.

Uma uchwepheshe zempi zazicabanga ukuthi i-hydrogen ingasetshenziswa ngendlela ehlukile kuka komgodi esibhakabhakeni. Ngemva ukushisa ezipheka igesi ngesikhathi omlilo, izikhathi 4 kungadluli amalahle, izikhathi 3 - kuphethiloli nezinye imikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Shelits zicela imvume yokubutha ulinge, futhi ngemvume ke. Akubuzwa, ngakho kwakukhona imoto ku-hydrogen?

Umgomo we operation

Usosayensi Isikimu sehliselwe Airbus uxhumano nge hose kuya ezininginingi itheku we injini yemoto. ngaleyo ndlela-hydrogen kukhanye ngqo amasilinda, ngokudlula carburetor. Isikali hydrogen ne air adingekayo ukusabela kwenziwa ne isinyathelo mpintsha noma "Ukhona".

I ucwaningo lokuqala Shelits wachitha emakhazeni. Injini waqala kalula, naphezu lokushisa yamakhaza. Engine wasebenza kancane kancane isikhathi eside. Nokho, Balloons yamila kanye Shelitsa abangele ukulimala ebuchosheni. Ngemva kwalokho yasungulwa uhlelo ekhethekile isivikelo. Kusekelwe kophawu amanzi, okuyinto ukubeka eceleni ukuthungela ingxube ngesikhathi ukuqhuma ezininginingi injini. Ngakho imoto ku-hydrogen kuphephile.

Phela, ngemva omunye motors zezikhali, kwaba nhlobo bafake. I amasilinda awazange ungcolisa futhi qeda amagesi babe umusi kuphela.

Hydrogen kusindisa ukuphila

Yasungulwa ngakho imoto ku-hydrogen phakathi nempi lwasiza ekusindiseni ukuphila kwabaningi, ukumelana ukuvinjezelwa, kanti Shelits wathola umklomelo lokhu kwenziwa kanjani, ngisho nelungelo lobunikazi ke. Umthuthukisi waklonyeliswa Red Star.

hydrogen itekisi

Ngemva kwempi, lapho i-hydrogen lingenandawo ukuthola, ke azikhohlwa. Nokho, abanye abantu namanje khumbula, njengoba e-Ukraine, ngo-laseKharkov, usebenza njengoba itekisi, kodwa hhayi elula, ne-hydrogen.

Igcina kanye negesi Brown

Ngo iningi ngisho lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu yezimoto yangaphakathi omlilo injini fuel burns kude elilungile. Babalelwa ku-60% we ingxube emoyeni nophethiloli omane lost in ingaphakathi ezininginingi qeda. Ingxube ngalendoda uyaphakama awangaphelela, futhi ngaleyo ndlela futhi yakha sasivumela ezinobuthi qeda amagesi.

Ungasebenzisa i-generator hydrogen. Lena imishini ngokuyinhloko ezintsha ezizoba kakhulu ukulondoloza uphethiloli emotweni. amadivaysi Iningi ezinjalo nomqondo ejwayelekile. Nokho, ngqo generator hydrogen ukuze izimoto abakhiqizi ezahlukene kungase kudingeke umehluko othile.

Hydrogen njengoba okufakiwe fuel ungathanda ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside. Kodwa kwakungekho izinhlelo yokwandisa ingxube fuel okuthiwa igesi Brown, okuyinto kufakwa amasilinda.

I generator hydrogen ukuze imoto osebenza isimiso electrolysis. Amanzi isetshenziswa kulethe. Kodwa-ke asikwazi ukubola zibe izingxenye ezimbili - i-hydrogen ne-oksijini. ugesi Modern azisetshenziswa ngaphandle igesi Brown. Lokhu brown hydrogen noma oluhlaza. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi igesi amanzi noma oksigidrogenom. Formula HHO yakhe. It uyahluka ngokuthi kuphephile ngokuphelele futhi akusho qhumisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke le gesi ukuthi zibe ngokugcwele bangene amasilinda.

ugesi ezinjalo zihlanganisa idivayisi oveza electrolysis, futhi umthamo. electrolysis izinqubo zilawulwa modulator ekhethekile. Umklamo umjovo motor futhi inikeza esivimba. It ivumela ukuba alawule ngokuzenzakalelayo isilinganiso amafutha kanye emoyeni wayofika gas Brown.

izinhlobo catalysts

Amadivayisi asetshenziswe electrolysis, zilula, namaseli ehlukanisiwe kanye nohlobo ezomile.

Esimweni sokuqala iseli electrolytic has a design elula kakhulu futhi kunalokho lasekuqaleni. Ukusebenza kwawo silula futhi. Idivayisi uyakwazi ukukhulula kuze kufinyelele 0.7 amalitha igesi ngomzuzu. Yenzelwe izimoto nge umthamo injini 1.4 amalitha.

I kulethe nge uhlobo ahlukene weseli - siyasebenza okungaphezu kwalokho. Lapha, ne imishini sinalo lonke isofthiwe ezidingekayo. I-apharathasi anganika mayelana 2 amalitha ngomzuzu. Le yunithi has a ngempumelelo enkulu.

Dry-uhlobo apharathasi is mhlawumbe kusetshenziswa imishini nge sasivumela eside yokusebenza imijikelezo. Ukukhiqiza isilinganiso sakhe. It kuncike amapuleti eziningi kanjani kule design. Njengoba amapuleti une-ilungiselelo evulekile, kuvela ukunikeza Ukupholisa ezinhle.

Indlela yokwenza fuel cell izimoto?

A fuel cell noma idivayisi okuzokwenza ukukhiqiza hydrogen ngamanzi ibekwe ebhodini imoto, kungenziwa ngokuzimela. Le gesi eyakhiwe ke kudingekile isicelo ezininginingi eyanele. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele ukuncipha eziphawulekayo petrol namandla imoto kungase kukhule kwezinye izimo.

E-United States i-generator hydrogen semoto e izikhungo, futhi ungakwazi ukuthenga it for $ 300. Nokho, sizozama ukwenza okufanayo, kodwa ngezandla zabo.

Yini udinga ukwakha?

Ukuze udale le divayisi sidinga ibhokisana lokugcina itiye noma ikhofi polyethylene ipuleti nensimbi electrode, yokuxhuma izintambo, izibopho, tubing, futhi sealant tape uphawu. Futhi kudingeka abicah zenjoloba.

imiyalelo Assembly

Ukuze imoto ku-hydrogen ne izandla zakho, udinga ukuthola ukuthi ingakanani umthamo. Kuzoba manzi plain. Ngaphakathi the isitsha, kulesi simo, amathini plastic, izingcwecwe zensimbi ezilula kungenziwa isethwe. Kungaba ngcono uma ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali. Kuyadingeka ukuba ulethe electrode amapuleti.

Ikhava kufanele kususwe kalula kakhulu noma kalula hermetically uphawu futhi agcwele amanzi. Ingxenye engenhla generator okuzenzela kufanele zibe ipayipi ukuze kubuyisele hydrogen ngqo ezininginingi edonsa imoto yakho. Qiniseka bonyana batshidze isivalo. Hydrogen nomoya-mpilo - amagesi ayingozi kakhulu. Khona-ke udinga vimbela isikhala phakathi amapuleti. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa isizukulwane igesi futhi kuncishiswe ukulahleka kungenzeka.

Emsebenzini generator udinga ukuqinisekisa ngokucophelela ukuthi okutholakele kusukela electrode, netindishi yethu ningabi okuxekethile. Lokhu kubandakanya ingozi yomlilo. generator yethu izindlu futhi kufanele kube njengoba okunokwethenjelwa. ikhava ngci kuzosiza abicah zenjoloba.

wesimanje generator

Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono uhlelo zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen, engeza ohlelweni omunye ayesisebenzisa. Kufanele kube kancane ophakeme kunalowo wokuqala. Xhuma kubo, ungasebenzisa amashubhu. Ngakho ungasebenzisa kahle kakhulu ohlelweni.

Iyunithi electronic

Le ngxenye generator kungabuye eyakhelwe ngezandla zabo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ulwazi emkhakheni electronics. Uma ulwazi ezifana namakhono akuyona, kungcono ukuxhumana ochwepheshe kula masimu. I-control unit buyashintsha kumodi yamanje okuzenzakalelayo, okuyinto lisetshenzisiwe ipuleti, esekelwe isivinini injini.

Amandla angasethwa kuphela empirically ngesikhathi engenzi lutho injini, kanye ngaphansi komthwalo. Iyunithi ngogesi kumele bathole ulwazi kusuka izinzwa zezimoto zokulawula.

Ngemva kokufaka generator kuyadingeka waphinda uqinisekise ubuqotho nokwethembeka kwabo bonke emalungeni isakhiwo. Ukuvuza kuyingozi hhayi kuphela kungenzeka ukuqhuma, umshini okunjalo ngeke kuholele anda petrol. Ngenxa yalokho, umphumela kuyoba esibi kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuvamile, umshini ezifana ku-hydrogen ezenziwe ngezandla zakhe, ukulondoloza 25% kuya ku-40% fuel.

Imishini kanye zindlela fuel Umnotho isikhathi eside enjalo futhi iye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke. Famous umlingisi Arnold Schwarzenegger has ugibele eside emshinini kuhlangene, okuyisona zihamba ngophethiloli ne-hydrogen. Movie star imoto abiza ayizinkulungwane 150 zamaRandi. Fuel ukusetshenziswa kulolu injini elihlangene 5.8 amalitha ngamunye km 100.

Namuhla, umshini ezifana ku-hydrogen eRussia kungaba futhi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngakho, sathola zonke izici nokusebenza imoto kule uphethiloli semvelo. Njengoba ubona, lokhu kuyindlela ngempela uphethiloli lanamuhla. Futhi likhona ithemba lokuthi emashumini eminyaka ezayo, isintu ngeke ufake isigaba esisha ukuthuthukiswa, lapho ezitaladini ngeke ukushayela izimoto ukuthi ukusebenzisa ku-hydrogen.