Voivod - Voivod kuyinto ... Russian

Voivod - ngumqondo eziyinkimbinkimbi, sakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: "umkhulungwane" - "aphethe" futhi "amanzi" - "umholi we umshayeli." Ngokwezwi nezwi, sithola "umshayeli kwezinhloko zamaviyo."

Igama elithi "umbusi" - Slavic, e-Latin siyafana Dux, kanye German - Herzog. Ngesikhathi yasendulo ukuphila lwamaSlav ngineminyaka engu ikakhulu amasosha, futhi abangu kwakuyisiko ukukhetha abaholi ngesikhathi Chamber tribal uma kwenzeka usongo lempi. Lapho buphela, amandla izimantshi sanqamuka.

accretion kwamandla

Ekhulwini le-17 kwaba khona usongo ungubani lwamaSlav we aseBaltic nasengxenyeni Western, njengoba ingozi ukucutha ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngakho uhulumeni ngabantu ishintshile kancane.

Voivod iziphathimandla zaseRussia manje hhayi ezempi kuphela, kodvwa naletinye nezingokomoya. izinduna isizwe wabonakala, "vladavtsy", okubizwa ngokuthi 'umyali ophakeme ", nabo kwenziwa imisebenzi yesiKhulu esiPhezulu AmaJaji nabapristi eliphezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lwamaSlav eziningi ngokuthi "umbusi" lalenziwa welithi "Prince." Isikhathi ethize ngamunye wabo ibutho lalo nombusi. Kwakuwusuku ngubani owenza umsebenzi sempi bokulwa, futhi ophethe amacala ahlukahlukene obunokuthula civil.

Lapho waqinisekisa autocracy, izinduna regimental esimisiwe eMoscow sovereigns kuphela. Igundane lahlukaniswa laba 5 regiments, eliholwa imiyalo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Chief uthi inhloko ibutho elikhulu. izimantshi Yasiza onobhala owenza ukubalwa kwabantu kanye babe imali zokukhokhelwa. Ngemva nje kokugqashuka impi, kwase kudingeka uhlole bonke abantu bempi kule zinhlu, kanye emisha yalolu daba efanele imali inkokhelo. Isihloko umbusi lempi uyekwa ngaphansi uPeter Omkhulu, washiya khona elaliyizakhamuzi kuphela.

Ukuguqulwa nomqondo

Ngekhulu le-16 kwaba khona kabusha ezincane. izimantshi Local nabizelwa yonyaka kusukela esimisiwe ngonyaka kamuva - iphoyisa. Ekhulwini le-17 kwaba khona isingeniso jikelele okuthunyelwe. Esikhathini Isikhathi Nezinkinga, kunesidingo igunya lempi lomuzi ngamunye kanye lesibusako eMoscow kanye izifundazwe, okwakuyoholela babe negunya phezu kwawo wonke amakilasi emphakathini. Ngokuvamile ithumela ezingaphezu kweyodwa umbusi no amaningi (lesibili nelesithathu voevody) onobhala futhi. Ngesikhathi nokulahla umbusi kwakuyingxenye enkulu yemikhakha yokubusa ezingeni lendawo. imisebenzi yazo ihlanganisa isethi amabutho, elikhiphe Imiholo imali noma isinkwa, ekubambeni bangamasela nabaphangi, ngababaleki. Kwakufanele ahambe izinyathelo zokuzivikela umlilo, izifo ukulandelela imidlalo emthethweni khona izibukeli, kuqedwe uqhekeko, landela kwabefundisi besonto ukuvakashelwa isonto. Voivod - okungukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ijaji. Wanquma zemibango-100, futhi kamuva ruble 500. Labo lapho izimantshi ayinawo amandla, athunyelwa eMoscow. Isigwebo sokufa ngokuvamile kakhulu hhayi ingxenye igunya kubo, kodwa amanye banikezwe futhi leli lungelo. inkonzo wesifundazwe kwaba ukuhlulwa, "bungobobugovu". Lokhu kwakubangelwa ubude bayo dlala: Isevisi eyathatha unyaka owodwa noma emibili, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezintathu.

Ukuqedwa umbusi

Ngo 1775 yokuma kwababusi kwaba iqedwe. Amahhovisi Voivodship, aphethwe kuzo kusukela ngesikhathi sika-uPetru, babe avaliwe. Nokho, ngo-Poland, iposi yayikhona kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.

Voivod Mikhail Ivanovich Vorotynsky

Kusukela ngo-1543 Vorotynsky esimisiwe umkhuzi emzini Belev. Wazehlukanisa ngesikhathi kuhlasela Sahib Giray, YaseCrimea Khan. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1541. Le mpi senzeka ngesikhathi sokutjhuguluka Oka. Yonke imizamo ukweqa ukuze uhlangothi yayiyize, njengoba kahle vika amasosha Russian. Sahib Giray wanquma ukuze bazame ukuphula ngosizo olusondelayo wezikhali-Turkish. AmaTatar wavula kukambayimbayi futhi baqala ukuwela umfula, kodwa samiswa amasosha Russian owafika kamuva, futhi YaseCrimea khan kwadingeka ngiyeke lo offensive. Sahib Giray sishintshe umzila kuhlasela futhi zayiswa amasosha Pronsk. Ibutho elaya iqale ngo-Agasti 3. City shelled, kodwa wakwazi ukuvikela. Ngosuku olulandelayo, Khan iyiswe asemaqeleni. It wajaha Michael Vorotynsky abazalwane uVladimir no-Aleksandru. izinhloli ezazithunyelwe eMoscow - umphumela umkhankaso wabo phathelana izilimi 45 abanjwe. Ngo-1551, Mikhail Ivanovich wathola isikhundla "Izinceku bobukhosi ', futhi ngonyaka ozayo izodlala indima enkulu ekunqotshweni yaseKazan Khanate. Ngo-May, 1566, u-Ivan Grozny Vorotynsky pha elisezingeni Boyar.

Pretich

Enye omele owaziwa lokhu Russian umbusi lasendulo officio Pretich. Wabhekisa amabombo lamabutho ukusiza Princess Olga ekhatsi Kiev ekuvinjezelweni 968. It Pretich owenza ukuthula nabantwana Pecheneg Khan.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele fingqa obekushiwo. Ngakho, umbusi - siyisikhulu esiphezulu, umbusi phakathi kwezizwe Slavic. Umlando uye eyaziwa eziningi amalungu abahlakaniphile nabafundisi ozinikele yaleli hhovisi. Igama elithi "UMbusi", okusho ukuthi leligama lisho - "umbusi", sizihlanganisa into enamandla futhi wesilisa. Ngemva kwalokho, lesi sikhundla uyekwa, futhi namuhla sikwazi ukukhuluma lo mqondo kuphela isici zomlando.