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Impi Kosovo: Eminyakeni, izizathu, imiphumela

Ngo-February 1998, AmaSeparatist Albanian ahlala eKosovo futhi Metohija, ezaqaliswa nokuvukela ahlomile okuhloswe ngaso ukwehlukana kulezi zindawo esasiya. Ezivela ngokuhlobana ingxabano, ebizwa nge "Kosovo impi" yathatha iminyaka eyishumi futhi saphela ngokukhululwa ngesimemezelo esisemthethweni we ukuzimela ala mazwe futhi kusungulwa i-republic azimele.

Izimpande zomlando yenkinga

Kule mpi, njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka kulo lonke emlandweni wesintu waqala ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo. Ukwakheka labantu eKosovo futhi Metohija ngaphambi kwempi yezwe yesibili ibilokhu ixubene, ehlanganisa Muslim kwama-Albania namaSerbia yobuKristu. Naphezu kuhlalisana eside, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo babaphatha kakhulu.

Ngokusho izinto zomlando, ngisho Ephakathi ensimini ka-Kosovo lanamuhla futhi Metohija lakha isimo Serbian. Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XIV nangaphezulu Emakhulwini amane eminyaka alandela, lapho, eduze kwedolobha Pécs, kwaba yokuhlala BaseSerbia uMbhishobhi Omkhulu, okwakunginika emaphethelweni ukubaluleka maphakathi kokuphila okungokomoya kwabantu. Kulesi sisekelo, ingxabano ezaholela ekuqaleni kwempi eKosovo, lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia okukhulunywe amalungelo abo zomlando, kuyilapho abaphikisi babo Albanian - yobuhlanga kuphela.

Ukwephula amalungelo amaKristu onqenqemeni

Ngu ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili , lezi zindawo zathathwa ngenkani enamathiselwe eYugoslavia, nakuba iningi lezakhamizi laleli ezimbi kakhulu. Azizange wanelisa ngisho ngokusemthethweni anikezwe isimo yokuzimela, futhi ngemva kokufa uMongameli I. B. uTito, ababemfuna wokuzibusa. Nokho, iziphathimandla hhayi kuphela uhlulekile ukuhlangabezana nezimfuno zabo, kodwa futhi bancishwa yokuzimela. Ngenxa yalokho, Kosovo ngo-1998 maduze yaphenduka cauldron abilayo.

Lesi simo nomthelela omubi kakhulu emnothweni yeYugoslavia nesimo zawo zezombangazwe kanye ngemibono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kakhulu senze isimo sishube kweKosovo amaSerbia - amaKristu abazithola eziyivelakancane phakathi amaSulumane imiphetho wadalula Eceleni kwabo ukucindezelwa kanzima. Ukuze ukuphoqelela iziphathimandla ukuphendula isicelo sabo, lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia baphoqeleka ukuba wenze ezinye amamashi umbhikisho Belgrade.

yokungenzi Criminal neziphathimandla

Ngokushesha, uHulumeni zaseYugoslavia ubumbe iqembu ukusebenza sokubhekana nenkinga futhi ulithumele eKosovo. Ngemva uthole ukucwaningwa okuningiliziwe kokulandisa isimo samanje lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia zonke izimangalo sezisetshenzisiwe kulingane, kodwa akukho isinyathelo esiwujuqu sathathwa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lapho Nokho ufikile ikhanda elisanda kuqokwa we the zaseYugoslavia lamaKhomanisi Slobodan Milosevic, futhi ukuvakasha kwakhe kwasiza kuphela babhebhethekisa ingxabano, njengoba ombangela izibhelu olunegazi nge ababhikishi abangamaSerbia ngamaphoyisa, i-Albania zinakho.

Ukudalwa Kosovo ibutho

Esigabeni esilandelayo ingxabano kwaba ukudalwa Abasekeli secession kweKosovo futhi Metohija beqembu "Democratic League" ukuba ngihole imibhikisho emelene nohulumeni kanye kumiswa uhulumeni wakhe, obizwa ngokuthi labantu ukwenqaba kwakuwukuthi kuhulumeni. Imphendvulo lawa kwakungamadodana baboshwa ngobuningi izishoshovu. Nokho, emikhulu izinyathelo ingajezisa uholé kuphela senze isimo sishube. Nge-Albania, Kosovo AmaSeparatist ngikudalile nabezempi, ngokuthi "Kosovo Liberation Army" (Kla). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, baqala notorious Kosovo impi esingapheli waze 2008.

Iqiniso ukuthi AmaSeparatist Albanian adalwa amabutho azo ahlomile, kukhona imibiko eminingana ezinye zazo ziyangqubuzana. Abanye abacwaningi bacabange ukuthi ekuzalweni kwabo kwenzeka ngo-1994, inyunyana of amaqembu ahlomile eziningana zangaphambili ezikhona, kodwa Hague Tribunal ecabange ngakho ekuqaleni imisebenzi Army 1990, lapho ukuhlaselwa lokuqala ahlomile iziteshi zamaphoyisa abikwe. Nokho, eziningi imithombo eyamukelwayo zihlanganisa lo mcimbi ngo-1992 futhi uxhuma ngayo ukwamukelwa ngesinqumo AmaSeparatist ku ukusungulwa kwamaqembu lokulwa ngomshoshaphansi.

Kukhona nobufakazi eziningi iqhaza izenzakalo yaleyo minyaka, ukuthi kuze 1998 ukuqeqeshwa amasosha kwenziwe nezimfuneko ekusithekeni e eminingi amaqembu ezemidlalo eKosovo. Lapho impi zaseYugoslavia elaba ngokoqobo ngazo kubonakala, izifundo ziye baqhubeka endaweni Albania futhi obala olwenziwa abafundisi American futhi waseBrithani intelligence amasevisi.

Qala zokuchitha igazi

impi eshubile waqala February 28, 1998, ngemuva isitatimende esemthethweni mayelana ekuqaleni Kla empini yase-kutimela eKosovo. Ngemva kokusho lokhu, AmaSeparatist eyenziwa uchungechunge nokuhlaselwa neziteshi zamaphoyisa. Besabela kuleso simemo, ibutho zaseYugoslavia ehlaselwa ezindaweni eziningana eKosovo futhi Metohija. Izisulu izenzo zabo baba abantu abangamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, iningi labo abesifazane nezingane. Lesi senzo samandla udlame olubhekiswe lezakhamuzi ebangele resonance ububanzi emhlabeni.

I kwengxabano impi

Ezinyangeni ezalandela, empini eKosovo Kwagqashuka benomfutho omusha, nangesandla ekwindla ka lowo nyaka, abangaphezu kwenkulungwane abazihlelele baye baba izisulu zawo. On insimu akhungethwe yimpi kwaba outflow okukhulu abantu bazo zonke izinkolo nezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuphathelene nalabo, ngesizathu esisodwa noma kwenye bahluleka noma engafuni ukuba ahambe kulelo zwe, amasosha zaseYugoslavia ubulelesi eziningi, kaningi wamboza abezindaba. Umphakathi jikelele wayezama ukuthonya uhulumeni e Belgrade futhi -UN Security Council yokutholwa kulesi senzakalo izwi lesinqumo.

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we Kucatshangwa njengesixazululo sokugcina ekuqaleni nokubhonywa eYugoslavia uma ukuqhubeka kodlame. Lesi isilinganiso saba isivikelo isinyathelo esithile, futhi ngo-October 1998 usayine kuthula, kodwa, naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Kosovars aqhubeka afe ezandleni amasosha zaseYugoslavia, futhi kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo, ubutha uqalisiwe ngokugcwele.

Imizamo yokuthandana isixazululo sokuthula ukuba impi

Ngisho esikhathini kakhudlwana global eladonsa impi Kosovo ngemuva kokuphela Januwari 1999 edolobheni Racak lempi zaseYugoslavia kwabulawa nezakhamuzi amane nanhlanu, usolwa ngokukhwabanisa ihlangane ne AmaSeparatist. Lobu bugebengu iye yabangela ukucasula emhlabeni wonke. Ngenyanga elandelayo eFrance ubambe izingxoxo nezinhlaka ezimele of kwamaqembu alwayo, kodwa naphezu kwemizamo emihle walabo abamele samanje UN, imiphumela emihle basondeze.

Phakathi nezinkulumo abamele amazwe aseNtshonalanga asekelayo Kosovo AmaSeparatist ababefuna kutimela Kosovo, kuyilapho osomaqhinga Russian wathatha ohlangothini eYugoslavia, ukuzifunela ukuxhaswa kombono nezimfuneko zawo okuhloswe ngazo ubuqotho isimo. Belgrade wayekubheka ultimatum njengoba engamukeleki ukubeka phambili emazweni NATO, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngo-March kwaqhunyiswa amabhomu waseSerbia. They lasted izinyanga ezintathu, kuze kube Juni, inhloko eYugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic wanika ukuze ahoxise amasosha akuleli eKosovo. Nokho, impi Kosovo wayesalokhu kude ephelele.

Amasosha emhlabathini eKosovo

Ngemva kwalokho, lapho izenzakalo eKosovo babé isihloko , inkantolo engavuni ngamazwe ukuze ahlale e-The Hague, NATO izikhulu ukuchaza isiqalo nokubhonywa isifiso abuqede kohlanga umbutho wezokuvikela zaseYugoslavia ngokumelene labantu Albanian zesifundazwe.

Nokho, ifayela kwenzeka wabonisa ukuthi onjalo obugebengu aphambene nobuntu, nakuba kuye kwaba, kodwa benziwa ngemuva kokuqala emoyeni, futhi babe siqala emthethweni, kodwa bephambana yokusabela. Izibalo zalabo iminyaka kubonisa ukuthi Kosovo impi ka 1998-1999, kanye nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ngensimu zaseYugoslavia ngu NATO amabutho waxosha ngaphezulu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu amaSerbia futhi eMontenegro bashiye amakhaya abo kanye ukuyofuna isiphephelo ngaphandle kwezwe zone ukulwa.

Ungqimba uphumo izakhamuzi

Ngo-June ngawo lowo nyaka, ngokwemibiko ye-Declaration UN eKosovo futhi Metohija laqanjwa yokugcinwa amandla sakhiwa amayunithi NATO namabutho Russian. Ngokushesha wakwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni abameleli amasosha Albanian ka ceasefire, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, izibhelu bendawo baqhubeka, babulala amaningi izakhamuzi. Inombolo ephelele izisulu laqhubeka likhula.

Lokhu kuye kwabangela ngokufuduka kusuka Kosovo, inkulungwane namakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu amaKristu ayehlala khona - amaSerbia futhi eMontenegro displacement eSerbia naseMontenegro. Ezinye zazo zabuya emva kwalokho, njengoba Republic Kosovo ezamenyezelwa ngo-2008, kodwa inani labo lalilincane kakhulu. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana idatha UN, ngo-2009 kwaba amadoda ayisikhombisa namashumi kuphela, wasukuma ukuze asibhozo anamanci ngonyaka, kodwa-ke kwaqala ukuncipha njalo ngonyaka.

Ukumenyezelwa ukuzimela kweKosovo futhi Metohija

Ngo-November 2001, AmaSeparatist Albanian eyenziwa on insimu okhethweni, imiphumela ababewambile kwakhiwa uwuhulumeni ophethwe I. Rugova. Isinyathelo sabo esilandelayo kwaba ekumenyezelweni kukazibuse eKosovo futhi ukudalwa insimu ka eKosovo futhi Metohija kuyinto geqe. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi uhulumeni zaseYugoslavia Akazange ababheke njengezinto izenzo zabo njengezenzo ezifanele, futhi empini eKosovo Nokho eyathatha, wathatha indlela isikhathi eside, ludvweshu ngokulambisa yefilakisi, Nokho, uthule ukuphila kwamakhulu abantu.

Ngo-2003, Vienna kwaphinde Uzame, bahlala phansi esigcawini sokubonisana ukuthola indlela ukuxazulula ingxabano, kodwa kwaba ngokulinganayo kuphumelele, eminyakeni emine edlule. Ekupheleni kwempi ubhekwa isitatimende iziphathimandla Kosovo ngu 18 Februwari 2008, lapho bona, ukuzimela unilaterally wamemezela Kosovo ubulokhu Metohija.

Inkinga wahlala ezingaxazululeki

Ngalesi sikhathi, wehlukanisa esasiya neMontenegro kanye kanye isimo abangabodwa liye lashabalala ngesimo lapho kwadingeka ekuqaleni ingxabano. Kosovo impi, izimbangela zezinkumbulo okwakukhona uhlamvu inter-zobuzwe nezenkolo, yaqedwa, kodwa inzondo mutual Abamele phambi amaqembu aphikisanayo wahlala. Kuyinto kube yilolu suku esifundeni kudala isimo ukungezwani kanye nokuntengantenga.

Iqiniso ukuthi impi zaseYugoslavia usephendukele angaphezu ukushayisana zendawo ukuzibandakanya ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihambisana naso emibuthanweni ezibanzi umbono weningi Emhlabeni jikelele kwakuwukuphela elinye ithuba aseNtshonalanga neRussia iphendukele ngempi kohlaka kwengxabano kufihlwe "impi yomshoshaphansi". Ngenhlanhla, wayengenayo nemiphumela. Wamemezela emva kwaphela impi, Republic of Kosovo namanje imbangela yempikiswano phakathi osomaqhinga yamazwe ahlukene.

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