Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izibankwakazi. I-dinosaur ngobukhulu. amaqanda dinosaur

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izibankwakazi musa abashiye ubani nandaba, njengoba uvumele ukufunda okuthile okusha mayelana isibankwa abahlala kule planethi yethu eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule. Amazing kakhulu mayelana ezihuquzelayo komlando, uhlamvu yabo, ikakhulukazi amaqanda wathola indawo kulesi sihloko.

Izwe izibankwakazi

Inkathi lapho iplanethi bebephila izibankwa giant, waqala eminyakeni million 160 ubudala, kwaqhubeka iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-56.

Okwamanje, sanquma ukwabelana lonke besikhathi iplanethi yethu ibe 2 izigaba: i Phanerozoic futhi Precambrian. Zibizwa ngokuthi eons, noma eonothem. Futhi izingxenye izinkathi.

Dinosaurs wabonakala ngesikhathi Jurassic we Mesozoic - kwenkathi we Phanerozoic Eon yesibili, lapho amazwekazi wayesevele bheka mayelana efanayo namuhla. Emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi wanqoba sezulu esifudumele kunikela ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha ukuphila. Izwe laligcwele amahlozi Pines, Izinhlobo, izihlahla kanye cypresses. Nezilwane planethi yayimelelwe izibankwakazi. Eceleni kwabo abangu ezincelisayo okungukuthi kakhulu kunabayeni babo ngobukhulu ophilayo futhi ube elingenamikhono obukhulu.

Indlela ukucacisa yobudala izibankwakazi

Fossils salezi zidalwa ziye zatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Kusukela ngenkathi owatholakala ngayo emanzini ajulile emidala kuno ngqo ngenhla, kwezazi ngempela silungise indawo nesenzakalo yabo. Okwamanje, ososayensi bahlola cishe ncamashi ukubala engu-khona lezi zinsalela endaweni ezingeni radioactivity edwaleni lapho sasikhona. Ziqukethe isotopes ukushintsha umsebenzi wabo kuye isikhathi. Ngu yokulinganisa inani kungaba anqume yobudala amatshe izinsalela zamathambo walondoloza kuwo.

Giant Lizard

Abaningi banesithakazelo umbuzo inkulu kangakanani izibankwakazi babe. Kodwa-ke akukho impendulo elula, ngoba incike uhlobo silwane.

I-dinosaur ngobukhulu - a plesiosaur, a sesilwane sasendulo nge kakhulu nentamo ende. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka izinsalela zamathambo yakhe, kwakufanele bonyana usayizi omkhulu. Ikakhulukazi, layo obuphelele ndikimba 16 m. Wayehlala kolwandle, edla inhlanzi kanye ezingenamgogodla.

Plesiosaurs abangu ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa impilo emanzini anosawoti. Nokho, lapho ephefumula kalula, ngakho kwadingeka ukuba ebusweni umoya. Lezi izibankwa babe esitho 4, eyagcina siguqulelwa ezinamaphiko nezingcwecwe umzimba, kepha efaniswe ukuma emgqonyeni. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo plesiosaurs: amakhanda amancane izintamo eside futhi izintamo esifushane futhi amakhanda omkhulu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, dinosaur enkulu wahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, kuhlanganise ne-Antarctica yesimanje.

I-carnivores ngobukhulu eliwumhlaba yazo zonke owakhileyo nesikhathi iplanethi

Lesi sihloko kungokwalabo Tyrannosaurus ayehlala Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Wayephethe obuphelele umzimba 14 m futhi waba yimpumelelo.

Tyrannosaur kwadingeka Yekhanda okukhulu ukuthi ilinganisa umsila kanzima, isikhathi eside futhi kanzima. Ngo isibankwa kwaba hindlimbs esikhulu, esinamandla; ngaphambili - ngezidladla esincane kodwa esinamandla - kwadingeka iminwe emibili clawed.

T. Rex, ngokososayensi, waba nesisindo amathani 6.8. Wayengumuntu umhlaseli isihloko futhi isisulu salo ngokuvamile baba hadrosaurs, ceratopsians futhi izibankwakazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngokuyinhloko zazidla ingcuba.

Okwamanje, sathola mayelana 30 amathambo ka tyrannosaurs, ngakho ukubukeka isibankwa, ukusungulwa ku le mivubukulo, lidlulisela kahle impela ukuthi wayefana empeleni.

ezingeni intelligence

Kukholakala ukuthi dinosaur bakudala kakhulu imelele Eoraptor lunensis nge obuphelele umzimba mayelana 1 m, isihlobo theropods lamabutho. skeleton sakhe satholakala e-Argentina ngo-1993.

Kubhekwe izibankwakazi ezihlakaniphile kakhulu kusukela troodontids squad. Nokho, ukuhlakanipha kwabo namanje amakhono phansi kunabaphostoli engqondo wezinyoni zanamuhla.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: ubuchopho kwencani, ukubaluleka okwakuwuphawu ziyadliwa kwakungekaNkulunkulu Stegosaurus - isibankwa nge obuphelele umzimba 9 m kanye isisindo amathani 3.

amaqanda

Eyaqala ukutholwa ngawo-1859, nokubeka hypselosaurus. amaqanda Dinosaur eyayibazungezile yobujamo side. Ayehlukile kuphela ngobukhulu, okuyinto zazisuka phakathi 15-120 cm. Amaqanda Dinosaur zinhlobo ezahlukene ziye zatholakala e-Spain, Chechnya, iChina neNdiya.

I wezinsalela zamandulo ngobukhulu kwakungekaNkulunkulu izibankwakazi ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe. Watholakala ensimini ka esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yeSpain. Ubudala emakhulwini amaningana amaqanda ababekuwo, zaba cishe abayizigidi ezingu-65-70 iminyaka.

Popular wokwakha wathola ngo-2010 e-Volgograd esifundeni. amaqanda lonke 14 igodi Usayizi 1 m 1 m 20 cm.

izibankwakazi armored

Ankylosaurs - lena izibankwakazi evikelwe kakhulu. Babefanele uhlobo zempi. emuva nenhloko yabo avikelekile bony izimpondo amapuleti namacici futhi umzimba waba ububanzi 2.5 m. I litshwayo lezi zilwane kwaba Mace ezinkulu, elalisendaweni ekupheleni umsila. isibankwa wayo esetshenziswa njengoba esinamandla sokudiliza ngosizo izitha zakhe.

abagijimi Phezulu

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izibankwakazi ukhathazekile namakhono azo ngokomzimba. Ikakhulukazi, kuyaziwa ukuthi amalungu okungenani oyedwa zama-carnivores izibankwakazi Ungahambisa ngesivinini 40 km / h. Enye okusheshayo egijima 100-ganda Dromiceiomimus, ahlala endaweni esifundazweni Alberta eCanada. Wakha isivinini angaphezu kuka-60 km / h.

Chetyrehkrylye ngabanye

Ebala imishikashika amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana Dinosaurs, ingasaphathwa izibankwa, okuyizinto amadlozi oqondile wezinyoni. Phakathi kwabo, lo okurarako kwaba chetyrehkryly Microraptor Gui. Wakwazi ukwenza nje izindiza emfushane ukuhlela emthini eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ubude lesi silwane kwaba 77 cm. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi sidalwa, izinsalela zabo omile atholakele eChina ngo-2010, iyona isixhumanisi wokugcina iketango yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuguqulwa ezihuquzelayo ku izinyoni.

izimpiko eside

Irekhodi kule ipharamitha ukuthi therizinosaurus ezitholakala Nemegt elisemcengezini, ensimini ka Mongolia. ubude bayo eduze yangaphandle nail ugobile kwaba 91 cm. Therizinosaurus babengenalo amazinyo, ugebhezi zintekenteke. Ate isibankwa kungenzeka nomuhlwa. izinzipho Huge babe Spinosaurus futhi isidumbu waba ubude 9 m. Ziye zafinyelela 30 cm.

Bewazi yini ukuthi ...

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izibankwakazi ziziphilela eziningi. Ikakhulukazi, bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi:

• Northern izibankwakazi wahlanganyela izulazula ezindaweni ukuthola inyamazane waya amabanga amade ukusuka esidlekeni;
• izibankwakazi iminwe emihlanu;
• Apatosaurus Yayintininiza imisila yawo ngesivinini mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ijubane umsindo;
• skull enkulu wayevela isibankwa herbivorous - torosaurus, owasizalela giant ithambo isihlangu entanyeni;
• iyiphi dinosaur kuhlaziywe kakhulu ngendlela lo mkhomo yesimanje okwesibhakabhaka;
• ngenkathi we ezihuquzelayo lasendulo, iplanethi yethu kwakungekho ice "ofeleba";
• imithi Chinese isebenzisa izidakamizwa, ezibandakanya i-powder amathambo izibankwakazi;
• lasendulo silwane Suuwassea emilieae kwadingeka imbobo ikhanda, injongo okuyinto nanamuhla elingaziwa ukuze isayensi;
• tyrannosaurs omdala ngenxa yobukhulu balo ezinkulu wayengasakwazi ukunyakazisa ngokushesha, ngakho kancane esizingelwayo, bona ezingelwa okutheni die ekuseni kakhulu;
• nigersaurus Sasinamazinyo 500;
• izibankwakazi ngeke bakha njengoba inqubo enjalo kungenzeka kuphela uma engu zofuzo impahla ezingekho iminyaka abayizithulu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili.

Manje uyazi eziningi amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana ezihuquzelayo lasendulo, nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nezwe elimangalisayo izibankwakazi safa eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule, namanje uyazifihla eziningi eziyimfihlakalo, iziphi namanje elinde abacwaningi yabo.