Impi Main empini ye 1812: Imiphumela, ithebula

impi Main empini ye 1812 kunqunywa ukunqoba amabutho Russian ngaphezu kwesitha. Lo mkhankaso ngamabutho Russian kunqunywa esigabeni sokuqala isu-Chief Barclay de Tolly, futhi esigabeni sesibili - plan Kutuzova ka kwenza isitha zize kuleli zwe ukuze buthaka amabutho akhe. Ekuqaleni ibutho sikaNapoleon wasiza empumelelweni: ngo-June nyaka obuyekezwayo amabutho akhe kungazelelwe waqala angenela izwe Russian. Nokho, impi yokuqala enkulu wabonisa ezingaba omkhulu ibutho kazwelonke, okuyinto, nakuba ekuqaleni ancipha, kodwa wakwazi kanzima buthaka isitha.

Battle of Smolensk

Uhlu "impi esemqoka besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic ka 1812" kufanele kuqale ngowokuqala sina ukushayisana abaphikisi kulo muzi ubudala futhi osendaweni ezibalulekile. Agasti 4 amabutho lokuqala French wafika izindonga futhi wazama ukuba ngihambe nawo ukuhlasela, kodwa ngokushesha zinhlanga nokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Ntambama kwafika amabutho eyinhloko-French futhi waqala shelling izinqaba, okuyinto Nokho, hhayi kakhulu kabi.

Ekupheleni kosuku edolobheni wakhuphuka amabutho ezengeziwe. Umlawuli wayezimisele ucede isitha empini ungamenzi nginqume endleleni eMoscow. Ngosuku lokuqala impi Russian izuzwe ukunqoba, kodwa usuku French kwesibili kwaqala a bombardment omkhulu we izindonga, futhi bathi umzi bawufaka umlilo. Enemy wathatha izambane likaPondo. Kulezi zimo, Barclay de Tolly wayala ashona, ukuze asindise ibutho. Ngakho, impi esemqoka besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic ka 1812 waqala ngokubutha ukuvikela Smolensk. Ezomphakathi iziphathimandla zaziba ukuhoxiswa engajabule amabutho Russian. Ngemva le mpi, uMbusi u-Alexander I esimisiwe umkhuzi Kutuzov, owayedume kakhulu kakhulu ibutho.

Ukuqala impi ye Borodino

Kwaba impi edume kakhulu empini phakathi Russia nase-Napoleon. Kwathi ngo-August 26 edolobhaneni, elise 125 km kusuka eMoscow. Le mpi yathatha amahora 12 kusukela ahlukahlukene empumelelo, ngakho kubhekwa omunye zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho emlandweni.

Ngo ukutadisha isihloko "Le mpi esemqoka besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic ka 1812" esikoleni kufanele kube yokubukisa ikakhulukazi kulesi sehlakalo, njengoba ezanquma inkambo esizayo ngxabano. Igalelo main yawa phezu kwezinsizwa French kwesokunxele namaphakathi. Bakwazi ukuthatha emzaneni, kodwa abakwazanga wafohla ukuzivikela ekugcineni lapha.

Impi ye-ukushiselwa

Eyesibili ukuhlaselwa eqinile wangena earthworks le Bagration sika. Lapho ukuhlasela lokuqala French kusukela ukulahlekelwa ezinkulu baphoqeleka ukuba siphumele isikhashana. Ngemva kokuthola ukusekelwa baqala amabhomu okukhulu. Igalelo main Kusolwa ibhethri Rajewski. Russian wathatha eziningi counterattacks, futhi ngesikhathi omunye wabo nje wayengekho yena bethatheka Marshal Murat. Ukuze ukushiselwa kwakuwumqansa abanolaka, bahlale lidlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye. Impi Patriotic ka 1812 ngonyaka, yezimpi ezinkulu ayisihloko walolu cwaningo babonisa isibindi zase ubuqhawe of amasosha Russian. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa wesishiyagalombili esesihlalweni flash wasishaya ukululwela eduze. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amabutho French abangu lwaqiniswa wezikhali kanye nezibhamu, inzuzo walunguza ukuze ohlangothini Russian. Icala edabukisayo akuvunyelwe ukwakhela kuleso impumelelo. Esikhathini phakathi empini walinyazwa yinhlamvu ikhenela Bagration, owayehola esiphikisayo kuhlasela. Yena Wathunjwa evela endle, izindaba ngakho yasheshe phakathi kwamasosha isiRashiya, nokuthi demoralized lakubo, okwathi kamuva baqala ashona. Ngemva kwalokho, lo jikelele wanika ukuze ushiye Konovnitsyn ukushiselwa.

Balwela Barrow

Lokubaluleke kakhulu ngokuba ukuqonda izimbangela ukunqoba impi Russian siwukufunda indlela ukuthuthukisa yezimpi ezinkulu kweMpi Yezwe II ngo-1812. Kafushane ekhuluma ngezenzakalo main, kubalulekile ukuchaza kabanzi impi ye Borodino. Ngemva kokuhamba ezishaywayo nempi enkulu zenzeka ngoba indunduma Utitsky. Kule ndawo, Kutuzov wahlela ibutho abaqamekeli, owawungumnyaka sokuhlasela isitha ovela ngemuva emotweni ngesikhathi zihlasela yayo ekuqiniseni Bagration. Nokho, uhlelo asisebenzanga. Nokho, ngemva ukuhlasela eminingi Russian wawusanamathele ngesiduli kodwa induna yempi ka Tuchkov wabulawa.

I okunye inkambo impi futhi umphumela

yezimpi ezinkulu iMpi Yezwe II ngo 1812, imiphumela okwagcina ukuthi kwenziwa ukuphumelela kwebutho isiRashiya, kufanele zihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe ethile. Phakathi Battle of Borodino ukubaluleka eyadlalwa Cossack kugasela Uvarov futhi Platov sika ngemuva isitha imigqa. Lena iqhinga unamakhono kakhulu, okuyinto imisiwe kokuhlasela French cishe amahora amabili.

Ikakhulukazi nempi enkulu zenzeka ngoba ibhethri Rajewski. Naphezu kokuhlaselwa okukhulu umlilo esindayo futhi ukuhlasela okuphikelelayo, isikhungo aye wasigcina isikhundla salo, futhi Napoleon waphoqeleka ukuba bahoxe kuhlasela olwengeziwe. Ngo historiography Western esungulwe umbono ukuthi French iwine Battle of Borodino, nakuba lesi simangalo samukelwa nge ukubhuka. Ngo isayensi yesimanje yasekhaya bazitshela ukuthi impi iphela ngo-draw, ngoba akekho amaqembu Siye azifinyelelanga umgomo.

Battle of Maloyaroslavets futhi phezu Berezina

Ikhono ibutho Russian wabonisa yezimpi ezinkulu iMpi Yezwe II ngo 1812. Ithebula lokulwa eziyisisekelo okwethulwa kulesi ukubuyekeza, ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo. Okthoba 12, Maloyaroslavets wathatha impi entsha wayebonisa ukuzimisela yebutho Russian impi ewujuqu.

Izikhathi eziningana edolobheni elincane ziqongelelwe isitha, kodwa ekugcineni, uNapoleon wanquma ashona, njengoba cishe lithunjwa.

Inani lale iqhinga Kutuzov ayikwazi overestimated:-ke akazange avumele isitha esifundazweni eningizimu, nokumphoqelela ashona eduze ezazihlupha Smolensk komgwaqo. I last Ukungqubuzana ezinkulu okwenzeka ngasekupheleni November, lapho Napoleon waphoqeleka ukushaya ukuhoxa ngokuxhamazela kusukela izwe ngaphesheya komfula.

Ngalesi ukubaleka French balahlekelwa omkhulu, kodwa uMbusi wakwazi ukugcina ingxenye combat-ngomumo wempi.

Ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ngokohlelo lwezikhathi

On amakilasi amabili, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlola isihloko "izimpi Main besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic ka 1812". Kafushane (Ithebula elingezansi ukhuluma ezinye zezimpi ezingafakwanga kulolu cwaningo), le nto kungcono ukwethula ifomu onomfutho ku nezinsuku.

Ngakho, impi besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic ka 1812 efakazela amakhono yecebo izinduna zempi Russian futhi isibindi amasosha abavamile esesikwenzile ukumehlula ibutho Napoleon kwakubhekwa esinganqobeki.