Imvelo - kuyini? izimo ushintsho

Lapho oyedwa efika engqondweni yakho kuba umqondo omuhle, futsi wacala ukubhekana naso ngokuphumelelayo, bese ngokushesha wabonakala kubalandeli ezinikeza analogue. Futhi zonke lezi amabhizinisi kuthinte isimo is abasafufusa emakethe.

Yini ibizwa ngokuthi conjuncture?

Kukhona izincazelo eziningana kwethemu. Ngaphansi kohlaka sihloko eziyisihlanu kuzo izokwethulwa, okuyinto iphathwa timvo letehlukene lo mkhuba "imvelo." Kuyini ukuba izincwadi kwezomnotho:

1. Ngakho ngokuthi isilinganiso, eyasungulwa phakathi kwaneliswe isidingo njengoba imikhiqizo ngabanye namaqembu abo ngesilinganiso sabo (yimali noma ambalwa) of yengqikithi imikhiqizo.
2. isimo somnotho Specific, okuyinto kwakhiwa emakethe esikhathini esithile. Libonisa isilinganiso samanje ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona.
3. Setha yezimo ukuchaza isimo emakethe.
4. Yesimo sezomnotho aphila ngesikhathi esithile, okuyinto kunqunywa ezihlukahlukene okuhloswe.
5. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi nokuxhumana izici ezihlukahlukene (zemvelo, ezenhlalo, zokuphatha, yezobuchwepheshe), umphumela lapho enquma yokuma inkampani emakethe.

Ukuhlaziya isimo ngasinye ngabanye wenziwa ikhumbula inombolo yezici. Ngakho-ke, izimakethe kuba ukucabangela esiyisibopho ithonya mutual kanye nokuxhumana nezinye izakhiwo yalolu hlobo (noma etholakala kwamanye amazwe zensimu). Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi isihloko ngasinye has a uxhumano obuseduze isimo jikelele kwezomnotho, okuyinto ezweni elilodwa noma ngisho kulo lonke lelo zwe.

Yini edingekayo isifundo zalesi simo?

Siyazi ukuthi lesi simo. Uyini ukuqapha ukuqonda ngokugcwele inqubo akwanele - Ngicabanga ukuthi nawe uye waphawula. Ngakho-ke, thina ngonanzelelo ezihlukahlukene ulwazi aphelele. Ngakho, lapho ucwaningo emakethe kuyadingeka ukuze uhlaziye:

1. Inkomba isidingo lezimpahla.
2. ukwabelana Market izinkampani ezahlukene.
3. Amanani.
4. Izinkomba zokukhiqiza impahla, ezivuma kucace mayelana nenani imikhiqizo ahlinzekwa emakethe, umthamo yayo kanye nezinga ukugcwaliswa.

sici

Imibandela ibhizinisi kunqunywa iqoqo izimo, sibonga ngalo elakhiwe isimo emakethe ngesikhathi esithile. Ngakho-ke, esekelwe isimo sezinto, kungaba ezimbili zama:

1. izimo High (evumayo). sici salo emakethe olinganiselayo, kanye nokukhuphula noma oluzinze (okungenani) ivolumu yokuthengisa. Futhi, amanani zilingana.
2. izimo okuphansi (okungekuhle). sici salo emakethe nge izici isici ukungalingani, lapho funa engekho noma encishisiwe. It kuhambisana abalulekile intengo iyehla iyenyuka, obumbi yokuthengisa ukushoda kwezimpahla.

Sula umahluko phakathi izincazelo eyenga kungukuthi enikeziwe. Ngakho-ke, njengoba ibhekwa bangakhuluma onohlonze ezikhulayo, ezinzile, amile, izimakethe retrogressive.

izinkomba

Lokhu ukusebenza, okuyinto ochwepheshe nochwepheshe kulinganiselwa nezimo zezimakethe. Uyini anonya emsebenzini? Amanani, izinkomba womsebenzi ibhizinisi, ezikhona (okungase abe amagugu isihlobo noma ngokuphelele) - ukuthi izinkomba ukuthi ukhulume Ochwepheshe kanye nochwepheshe, isimo lapho kukhona emakethe. Futhi ngokucacile kangangokuthi ukuba yahlulele konke kuphela omunye wabo - akuyona ethembisa. Ziyaqiniseka ukuthi kubhekelwe ku eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho, uma kukhona nokwanda kwenani zokukhokhelwa, kodwa yokuthengisa ezingeni odlule, kusho ukuthi akusiyo emakethe siyavuka, futhi inani elikhulu amafemu amancane wafika kuye. ungenza okufanayo has ukubukeka kusilela noma yokusungula isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona. Ngakho, ukwakheka yawo asikisela ukuthi inkinga kanye lezimpahla izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali ezizayo.

Yiziphi izinkomba eyinhloko isimo emakethe?

ukuhlaziywa olukha phezulu kungaba kwenziwe ngenxa kubo:

1. Isilinganiso ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona yezimpahla (amasevisi).
2. Amathrendi Market.
3. Kolebaemosti ezingeni (noma ukumelana) emakethe.
4. I degree of umsebenzi ibhizinisi.
5. Ubukhulu emakethe ukuthengiselana.
6. Ububanzi amandla wokuncintisana.
7. Umthelela on isimo emakethe lwesigaba ezithile zonyaka noma imijikelezo kwezomnotho.
8. ingozi kwezohwebo.

Uma udinga ukuhlola isimo e ukujula ngokusebenzisa eziningi nemingcele, ekukhethweni zazo lincike ngenhloso. Sizobe ubuyela kubo.

Into, kuncike kanye nemisebenzi at yemakethe

Lezi izingxenye esibalulekile esidingekayo eliphezulu ukucutshungulwa imiphumela:

1. Isihloko. Libhekisela isifundo imihlola mass nezinqubo lapho kunqunywa imibandela ethize emakethe ukuthi kungaba amenable ukuba ukuhlolwa qualitative ambalwa.
2. Isihloko. Ikhonza njengabameleli ezihlukahlukene izinhlangano commercial (kuleli cala sithi kukhona imvelo ukumaketha), izinhlangano ezigxile emphakathini, izinhlangano zikahulumeni kanye izikhungo zezemfundo.
3. izinjongo:
   1. Ukuqoqa nolwazi inqubo emakethe.
   2. Elichaza usayizi emakethe.
   3. Thola izitayela.
   4. Linganisa bese sihlaziye Ingxenye enkulu emakethe.
   5. Hlaziya kolebaemost, seasonality nokuthuthukiswa cyclical.
   6. Ukuze ukuhlola umehluko zesifunda.
   7. Ukuqapha umsebenzi ibhizinisi.
   8. Uhlole izingozi ibhizinisi.
   9. Ukuqapha ukushuba mncintiswano futhi monopolization wemakethe.

izinkomba yesibili

Ukusebenzisa kwabo kuxhomeke kulokho izinjongo kukhona ukufunda. izinkomba ezinjalo akhona futhi asetshenziswa jikelele:

Ukunikezwa amasevisi kanye nemikhiqizo:

1. Umqulu, isakhiwo kanye namandla okubakhona.
2. Umthamo kanye supply kuyaqina.

Umthengi ukufunwa izimpahla namasevisi:

1. Ivolumu, Dynamics kanye nezinga ukwaneliseka izicelo.
2. Umthengi ezingaba futhi umthamo emakethe.
3. Kuyaqina isidingo.

proportionality Market:

1. Isilinganiso kwaneliswe isidingo.
2. Isakhiwo ukuhweba.
3. ukwabelana emakethe phakathi abakhiqizi futhi namawoliseli kanye nezitolo.
4. ngu ubunikazi ukusatshalaliswa kwemikhiqizo abasabalalisi.
5. Lihlela isilinganiso phakathi kwama emakethe izindlela zokukhiqiza kanye ezidayiswayo.
6. Isakhiwo zesifunda emakethe.
7. Distribution amakhasimende esekelwe umthengi yabo izici (yobudala, Iholo elingakanani, nokunye).

Amathemba sokuthuthukisa izimakethe:

1. Ukukhula kanye nokukhula yokuthengisa, yokusungula, inzuzo, ukutshalwa kwezimali, amanani.
2. izilungiselelo Trend.

Kolebaemost, ukuzinza, kanye cyclicality emakethe:

1. I Coefficient ukushintshashintsha yokuthengisa, amanani, ezikhona njalo ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngasiphi indawo.
2. Model imingcele cyclicality futhi seasonality of ukusebenza izifundo futhi indawo yabo ekuhlanganyeleni.

ukuthuthukiswa emakethe Yesifunda isimo salo:

1. Ukwehluka kwi-isilinganiso kwaneliswe isidingo kungakhathaliseki izici indawo.
2. izicelo Regional ezingeni umuntu ngamunye.

umsebenzi webhizinisi:

1. Ukwakheka kanye namandla okubakhona ukugcwala oda.
2. Inombolo, ubungako kanye nobuningi (futhi izinguquko zalo) zokukhokhelwa.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-amakhono elikhiqizayo futhi ukuhweba.

ingozi Commercial:

1. Rationality utshalomali.
2. Ingozi ukwenza izinqumo ukumaketha kanye ukuvela emakethe iyehla iyenyuka.

Level wokuncintisana monopolization:

1. Isibalo amafemu ezimakethe impahla ethile. Futhi acabangele ubunikazi zabo, inhlangano futhi lunye.
2. Distribution amafemu ngokuvumelana ivolumu yabo zokukhiqiza, yokuthengisa nokumaketha.
3. ezingeni azimele (inani izinkampani ezinjalo, yabelana yabo ivolumu emakethe, ifomu yenhlangano).
4. division emakethe (behlukanisa izinkampani ngekwesayizi zabo noma bahlanganyela yokuthengisa Imininingwane).

Lawa imvelo izici ezikhona. Kodwa isayensi kwezomnotho luhlala lukhula, ngakho-ke akulona iqiniso ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa, lolu hlu akuphelele.

isimo sezwe

Lona eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezingeni oyifunayo. Single isikhungo imvelo engekho lapha. Ngakho, uma sikhuluma isitokwe kanye lwemali izimakethe, njengoba izibonelo eziqondile, lapha njengoba izindawo lapho kwenzeka khona umsebenzi enkulu - lena New York, Tokyo, nase-London. Ungakwazi ukwaba kakhudlwana futhi ezinkulu izindawo - ezifana eMoscow Beijing. Lapho ushintsho kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya kwezimo noma Amathrendi ezithile kuhulumeni ekuthathweni, kuba ngandlela-thile kuthinta umhlaba wonke. Yilokho nje umehluko umthelela wabo uhlukile.

isiphetho

imvelo yethu iye yabhekwa. Kuyini kuyinto yena, unombono njengalelo ngokusekelwe kulokho imigomo kwakhiwa nomqondo it is. Yiqiniso, lena akuyona yonke imininingwane kulesi sihloko. Lesi sihloko kwenzelwe nje ulwazi, futhi engakaze ibekwe ifomula, okuyinto kubhekwa ongakhetha ahlukahlukene. Futhi ingxenye yabo bonke tihlokwana, uma beveza omuhle, ingalingana izikhathi eziningi ivolumu ezingaphezu kuka owenza umbhalo.