Incazelo isifinyezo sezinto "eRobinson Crusoe"

Mhlawumbe ukuqonda umcondvo lobalulekile inoveli okungenakufa Danielya Defo bayigubungele konke ngesikhathi esisodwa isifinyezo yencwadi "eRobinson Crusoe" kuzosiza umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi ehluke ngokuphelele iqhawe tetemibhalo, ophilayo emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ayezolandela - Dr. Ravick kusukela "Arc de Triomphe" Remarque. Lokhu kusho ukusebenzisa amagama noma isiphetho, kodwa-ke kungenziwa ngobugebengu hhayi "isibindi esiboniswa buthule" ukumelana naso.

Kungani owenza sezombusazwe, intatheli elikhanyayo, pamphleteer futhi ikhanda conspiratorial intelligence British emva ehlazweni futhi ejele eminyakeni engu-60 ubudala kudala ukungafi "Robinson"? Kwakungenzeka kanjani na ukuthi ungumuntu oye sithola yakhe imfihlo isikhathi umsebenzi ithonya inkosi kahulumeni, yaphela ukuphila kwakhe ubumpofu? Umbhali, indoda eziphikisanayo, njalo futhi ngenkuthalo baxhumana umphakathi, kudala isimanga yangaphakathi okuqinile uhlamvu tetemibhalo, ohlukanisile ngokuphelele nanoma yimaphi ukuzwana nabantu. Self-kokuhlaziywa izinsuku ezedlule indlela nakuba "ku okuphambene" by Defoe - "eRobinson Crusoe," ukubekwa ngamafuphi kwesibopho yayo udonsa kusuka izindaba eyiqiniso.

Ngesisekelo lo mbhalo, indaba pirate kweqiniso Aleksandra Selkirka, ngoba ziphikisa induna siwela siqhingi engahlali muntu okwakukhona kuyo Mas a Tierra, ise-Pacific Ocean at ibanga 670 ukusuka ogwini lwaseChile. Corsair ahlaza osephile esiqhingini isikhathi esingaba iminyaka engu-4 kanye izinyanga 4.

Yini kusitshela isifinyezo? ERobinson Crusoe, ongowokuzalwa e York, uMtshali Brazilian, hamba izigqila abamnyama, ngemva komkhumbi i-Atlantic iyisiqhingi eduze esizalweni somfula Orinoco. Ngu wokwakha isihlenga nguye ophethe ukuletha ebhishi nge wabhubhisa umkhumbi lokubaza namathuluzi, izikhali, ezidliwayo. Robinson kuyinto kuhlolwe yamanani. Ngaye, eqolo kukhona imbazo, isaha, ummese kanye olwadluliselwa lusuka umkhumbi nenani igolide yalesi siqhingi akanayo.

Ubizwa wasala yedwa imvelo nesimo sezulu siqhingi. Lona inkinga kwesiqinti, njengoba isifinyezo indaba. ERobinson Crusoe ubasa dodgy endlini-castle, kufihlwe ngemuva kocingo, engafinyelelwa kuphela esebenzisa izitebhisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa inyama yembuzi, efika khona nomqondo yokulawula lezi zilwane. Ngokushesha, ngaphezu inyama, futhi has a ubisi noshizi. A godsend yangempela Robinson uthe zokuphola lihluma okusanhlamvu yebhali nezingcezwana irayisi, ngaphandle "ngenjongo ecashile" umane shake nabo doti ezinye kusukela izikhwama ekhululiwe. Ukuba umfuyi eyisithunjwa, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva wakwazi kokutshala ensimini, ukusuthisa kuye.

Pragmatic "kwezomnotho" endleleni okubhekwa ngayo ukuphila kwakhe umlingiswa oyinhloko kuyo yonke incwadi okubangelwa isifinyezo okunengqondo. ERobinson Crusoe, ngomsebenzi njalo ehlakaniphile siguqulwe ingozi, izakhi wahlulwa Wanderer e yomnikazi eqinile bezinga ezolimo. Isipho sangempela atholakala esiqhingini amakhabe namagilebhisi. Manje unemisebenzi omisiwe. ezokungcebeleka lakhe Kuyanda amakati amathathu inja, ngasinda ngokuyisimangaliso ngesikhathi umkhumbi zonakale. Yena uqala ukuhlela usuku lwakho, ukugqamisa phakathi nesikhathi zabasebenzi sokufunda iBhayibheli, kanye nemisebenti yekubhala. Robinson kuholela kukhalenda yakho.

Sonke lesi sikhathi eseyitholile uyayijabulela iphupho ukwakha umkhumbi futhi ukusishayela emphakathini. Kodwa ezigwediwe out log isikebhe akakwazi ngisho kuholele amanzi. Enye into icacile - udinga umsizi. Ogwini sebeqala avele ngesikhathi imikhuba yabo amazimuzimu. Lezi zinsongo ukuphila protagonist igcwalisa isifinyezo alamu amanothi. ERobinson Crusoe nge izingalo kubadumaze kubo ngoLwesihlanu okuhloswe njengomhlatshelo, okuyinto kuba inceku othembekile. Kanye ngoLwesihlanu nge isikhali bona kukhona sokuthola amazimu isiboshwa Spanish exhegwini, uyise ka ngoLwesihlanu. Ndawonye, basuke ekwandiseni ukulima kwabo, bakha imikhumbi umkhumbi bophulwe zwekazi. Ngokushesha lesi siqhingi futhi Bakwethu Robinson. nezisebenzi Ahlubukayo disembarks ukwambula induna, isekela lakhe futhi omunye abagibeli. Kodwa Robinson, eqondiswa kahle esiqhingini, khulula we esasizobhujiswa British bobabili Burke nge abantu abawuhlupho. Ababili the amashinga esibi kakhulu kwadingeka ukuba zilenga yardarm, nalo lonke benza ngenhlonipho - kwesokunxele ezimpilweni zabo futhi sekudlule phakathi kwelifa loonyana wonke umnotho Robinson. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhumbi-ukhukhuva kwezilwandle yezwe ithunyelwa osogwini olusenyakatho lwakubo.

Over amabili nesishiyagalombili esiqhingini umlando eyiNgisi, ogama lakhe usuphenduke into efanayo. Ezweni lakubo ngoba yinto emnandi ababengayilindele. ipulazi i-Brazilian, ephethwe ngokungabi bikho imali isimo enqwabelene kuye zonke iminyaka azikaze zibe khona. Robinson ishada, yena unezingane. Ukuphila singokwemvelo. Classic enesiphetho esijabulisayo.