Incwadi ebomvu yesifunda saseKaluga: izilwane nezitshalo, amakhowe. Uhlu, izici kanye nencazelo

Incwadi Ebomvu YesiFunda saseKaluga (izilwane nezitshalo zalo - isihloko se-athikili yethu) yidokhumenti ekhishwe ngo-2006. Isisekelo yisinqumo sikahulumeni wesifunda kusukela ngo-1998. Lezi zihlanganisa lezozinto eziphilayo ezidinga ukunakekelwa okwedlulele kubantu, ngoba izinombolo zabo zilinganiselwe kakhulu. Lolu hlu lwakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zinyamalale (zikhethwe yiyunithi) nalabo abanamanani abo asebefundiswa (umfanekiso 4). Ngeshwa, kukhona abanye abadlulele ngokuphelele esifundeni. Ngokuphambene nencazelo yabo ngu-0.

Lolu hlu lukhulu ngokwanele, sizohamba emakhasini eBhuku eliBomvu esifundeni saseKaluga, elibala izinto eziphilayo ezibekwe "1" - zingaphansi kakhulu.

Amakhowe, ama-mosses nama-lichens

Okokuqala, ake sicabangele abamele umbuso wamakhowe, ama-mosses nama-lichen. Kumele kuthiwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa eNcwadini Ebomvu yezwe laseKaluga kunezinombolo eziningi zazo. Phakathi kwesikhunta, ukwesaba okukhulu kwenkinga yabo, isibonelo, okulandelayo.

I-sarcosome iyindilinga . Leli howa eliyingqayizivele kakhulu linomusa othakazelisayo kakhulu. Ifana nomgodla omkhulu wamanzi (ububanzi obuyisisindo esingu-10 cm), ugonywe emkhathini. Umbala - unombala obomvu.

Kumele kuthiwa i-fungus ibaluleke kakhulu emithi. Izakhiwo ezikhethekile zokwelashwa yi-liquid, egcwalisa umzimba we-fruiting. Isetshenziselwa i-rheumatism, ukukhulula ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ngokumane nje kube ukuvuselela okuhle kwezinqubo.

I-Ramariopsis inhle . Le fungus ingatholakala emithambekeni eyomile; Ukhetha amahlumela aqhamukayo enhlabathini enomhlabathi. Ikhula ekupheleni kwehlobo kuze ku-Okthoba, kaningi "umndeni", njengezihlahla ezincane. Ukunciphisa izinombolo akukafundwanga kahle. Ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi isizathu siyisizinda samadwala okubala ezindaweni zokukhula.

Phakathi kwalezi zinsuku kungabonakala iKarliergon enkulu . Kwenzeka emaxhaphozini, emagqumeni asondelene kakhulu. Ubude bamasentimitha angu-30 ububanzi buqinisekisa igama le-moss.

Incwadi ebomvu yesifunda saseKaluga inakekisa ama-fern. Ngakho-ke, i- centipede , ekhulayo emidwaleni yamadwala naphakathi kwamatshe, i-fern encane. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi yisitshalo esisodwa eqenjini eliphakathi elihlala kwabanye (epiphytes) futhi liwasebenzisa nje njengesisekelo sokukhula.

Amakhambi

Ake sibone ukuthi yini enye incwadi ethi Red Book yesifunda saseKaluga iqukethe ohlwini lwayo. Izilwane nezitshalo ezibalwe kuwo zihlukene kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngamakhambi, kufanele kuqashelwe ikhanda-kuya-ikhanda, okusanhlamvu nesithukuthezi . Zihlukile kuphela ngendlela yamaqabunga. Ezitshalweni zincane. Lesi sitshalo sinamanzi, sithanda amanzi ahlanzekile echibi.

Inqwaba yamapayipi inqwaba enye isitshalo evikelwe ngokukhethekile. Esikhathini esidlule, wayengumqashi ovamile wezintambo namasimu, kodwa imisebenzi yezomnotho kanye nokudla kwakwenza isitshalo sengozi yokuqothulwa. Ukubona lolu hlobo lokusanhlamvu lulula: eduze kwe-awn iyahamba izinwele ezincane, ezifana nempaphe.

Incwadi ebomvu yesifunda saseKaluga, amakhowe, izitshalo esizicabangela zona, zigcwaliswa futhi zigcwala . Sizohlaziya inani elincane kunazo zonke zalesi sitshalo - i -sedge kaHartmann . Ikhetha inhlabathi ehlanjululwayo yamahlathi ahlotshisiwe, ogwini lwamagumbi. Lifinyelela ku-70 cm ubude, isiqu sigcwele umuthi we-spikelet, uhlanganiswe phansi.

Imbali ene-inflorescences emhlophe emnandi iyigatsha legatsha, futhi livikelekile ezweni laseKaluga. Ikhethele inhlabathi yomswakama, i-glades eyomile yelanga. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kunqenqemeni wehlathi. Endle, akuvamile, kuvame ukutshalwa endaweni engadini nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

Izihlahla

Phakathi kwezihlahla eziqukethe iNcwadi Ebomvu yesifunda saseKaluga (izilwane nezitshalo kulo, ngendlela, nazo zimelelwe) kudingekile ukuphawula i- willow, lopar and blueberry . Owokuqala ukhetha ukukhula emathunjini ahlanzekile kahle. Kusukela nje iningi labo lidonswa, umuthi uyafa. Kuyinto shrub encane ukuthi ufinyelela amamitha amabili. Ihlanganiswe ngamaqabunga amhlophe anqenqemeni olukhethekile.

I-blueberry willow ihlanganisa amagxolo amnyama anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namaqabunga aqhakazile, ama-bluish kancane. I-shrub iphansi, ikhula emahlathini.

Omunye umuthi okhulayo uwu-squat tree . Ukhetha nenhlabathi yasolwandle. Amagatsha amancane ahlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngamaqabunga amancane nama-warts. Isici esiyingqayizivele - amacici abuka phezulu. Kusemkhawulweni wokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa komuntu wemifula ye-peat extraction.

Izinambuzane

Incwadi ebomvu yesifunda saseKaluga, izilwane nezitshalo zazo-isihloko se-athikili yethu, iqukethe inqwaba yezinambuzane zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Abamele lolu hlobo bayinani elikhulu kunazo zonke ohlwini. Masihlale sibhekene nokuhlukumezeka.

Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngezilwane zasogwini . Laba abamele umndeni ofanayo bavame kakhulu ezweni laseKaluga. Ngakho, ohlakaniphile ukhetha amahlathi e-coniferous, lapho ezingela ezinye izinambuzane. Igama lizikhulumela ngokwaso: umzimba ohlaza ogqamile onobumba begolide.

Ubukhulu buyisilinganiso, ububanzi bufike ku-18 mm. Izitshalo zezinyosi nazo ziyi-oleaginous and violet . Ukwehlukana kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuhlotshaniswa nokubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala ngesikhathi sokufuna amaminerali. Okunye okubalulekile ukushisa amahlathi anezimakhemikhali ezinobuthi.

Isibalo somswakama wasentwasahlobo sisengozini . Le bhungane yombala wegolide obomvu ifinyelela kumamitha amabili. Amaphiko ahlangene. Uhlezi ngaphansi kwesigxobo somquba. Izizathu ezikhawulayo cishe zihlobene nokubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala.

Kumele kuqashelwe futhi izinhlobo ezimbili ze- bronzovok - zibushelelezi futhi zikhazimule . Lezi zibhungane zamasayizi amnandi kakhulu (kuze kube ngu-3 cm) zikhetha ukuhlala ezihlahleni lapho zikhiqiza inzalo emagxolo abolile. I-smooth bronzovka inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi icwebe - ukuphuma kwe-metallic. Isici esiyinhloko esinqunyelwe ukusika phansi, izihlahla ezibolile, izindawo zokuhlala ze-bronzes.

Izinyoni

Kumele kuqashelwe izinyoni ezisengozini yesifunda saseKaluga. Abameli abaningi balo mndeni basengozini, noma kunjalo, lokhu okulandelayo kuyinkinga ethile.

Dubrovnik. Lo ohlala emadlelweni onotshani obude ungowokudlula. Le nyoni ehambayo incane kakhulu ngenxa yokunciphisa izindawo ezifanelekile zokuhlala.

I-garden porridge - omunye ummeleli wezidlule. Le nyoni encane inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-oatmeal iyinyoni efudukayo, ifika esidlekeni.

Amakhila amancane namnyama ahlosiwe amanzi angenawo amanzi angatholi izindawo zokuhlala ezifanele endaweni yesifunda saseKaluga. Bakhetha ukuhlala emachibi amakhulu.

Izidumbu

Ekhuluma ngeBhuku eliBomvu lesifunda saseKaluga, umuntu akanakusiza ukukhuluma ngezidalwa ezincelisayo. Ikakhulukazi evikelwe lapha ngamabulane, ngokwesibonelo, ama- vespers amakhulu .

Abamele amakati nabo bambalwa esifundeni. Okokuqala kungukuthi i- lynx . Kunzima lapha futhi futhi ibhere elimnyama ne- bison .

Izilwane ezincelisayo ziyizilwane zehlathi, ngakho ukunciphisa inani labo kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo nokunciphisa izindawo zokuhlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezifana ne- lynx noma, isibonelo, i- mink - isivuno esivame kakhulu sabaphangi ngenxa yobuso obuyigugu kakhulu.