Izimo Habitat. Incazelo kanye ngezigaba

Zonke izinto eziphilayo, labantu, zinhlobo kwendawo yemvelo ekhona - ukuthi luyingxenye yobuntu ozungezayo zonke izinto eziphilayo futhi unazo umphumela, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile. Kungenxa yokuthi kuthatha bonke eziphilayo kunesidingo khona, nokuthi umkhiqizo owodwa wokuphila kwabo. izimo Habitat e eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene akufani. Njengoba Bathi, kuba omunye omuhle ke enye - ukufa. It sakhiwa a sebuningini izakhi organic wezinto ezithinta uhlobo oluthile.

ngezigaba

Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimo ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo yemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Eyokuqala - emvelo, ekhona ekuqaleni. Okwesibili - adalwe indoda. imvelo sehlukaniswe umhlaba, umoya, inhlabathi, amanzi. Kukhona ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kanye eziphilayo ngaphakathi esetshenziswa izimuncagazi.

izindawo nezimo zokuphila Imvelo

Imibandela wempilo - labo yizici zemvelo ezibalulekile ezithile eziphilayo. Okuncane ngaphandle okuyinto khona akunakwenzeka. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, umoya, umswakama, inhlabathi, futhi ukukhanya nokushisa. Lokhu izimo kuqala. Ngokuphambene, kunezinye izici ezingekho kubalulekile kangaka. Ngokwesibonelo, umoya noma umfutho womoya. Ngakho, imvelo timo tekuhlala sokuba khona izinto eziphilayo - Umqondo lihlukile. Okokuqala - ovamile, kwesibili - lisho kuphela labo izimo, ngaphandle lapho isitshalo noma umzimba abaphilayo abakwazi nhlobo.

yizici zemvelo

Lawa kuzo zonke izingxenye imvelo ezingathinta - ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile - by eziphilayo. Lezi zici kubangele lithathelwe umzimba (noma impendulo eguquguqukayo). Abiotic - lo mphumela izakhi wezinto ezingaphili (inhlabathi Ukwakheka, izakhiwo zalo zamakhemikhali, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, umswakama). izici biotic - izinhlobo ithonya eziphilayo ku nomunye ophilayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zokudla abanye, asetshenziselwa impova zisakaza, ube eminye imiphumela. Yabantu - imisebenzi womuntu ezithinta izilwane zasendle. Kwemihlambi leli qembu ixhunyaniswe yokuthi namuhla isiphetho uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli eMhlabeni kuyinto cishe ngo wezandla zomuntu.

Iningi la maqiniso angenhla - izimo ndawo. Abanye inqubo ukuguqulwa nje, kanti abanye unomphela. Bona iyashintshashintsha kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sosuku, isibonelo, indlu kanye ukufudumala. Ziningi izici (izimo ezifanayo kwendawo yemvelo) ukudlala indima ekulu ukuphila kwabanye eziphilayo, kuyilapho abanye - enze ingane. Ngokwesibonelo, umbuso inhlabathi usawoti kubaluleke kakhulu e isitshalo amaminerali ukudla okunomsoco, izilwane - akubalulekile kangako ngoba endaweni efanayo.

ngemvelo

Lokho okuthiwa isayensi ukuthi etadisha nemibandela imvelo eziphilayo kanye nobuhlobo babo ne-ke. Ngokokuqala ngqá leli gama liye kuchazwe sezinto eziphilayo Haeckel German ngo-1866 Nokho, ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa isayensi isibe ngokumane nje engu-30 leminyaka elidlule.

Biosphere kanye noosphere

Isiqalo nesigcino sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni ebizwa ngokuthi isimiso semvelo. Lihlanganisa abantu. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela ke kufaka phakathi, kodwa futhi ine ithonya asebenzayo on the uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli ngokwalo, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva. Ngakho kwathatha noosphere (Vernadsky amagama asetshenzisiwe). Noosphere akuhileli nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa anolaka kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nesayensi, kodwa futhi wokubambisana jikelele nokuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela ekhaya lethu ezivamile - iplanethi enguMhlaba.

Imigomo izindawo zasemanzini

Amanzi kubhekwa sombuso ukuphila. Izilwane eziningi ezikhona emhlabeni kwadingeka okhokho owayehlala kule ndawo. Nge kumiswa ezinye izinhlobo ezweni ephuma emanzini futhi baba izilwane zasemhlabeni kuqala, bese savela zibe phansi. Amanzi asibekela kangakanani le planethi. eziphilayo Abaningi abahlala kuwo - hydrophiles, okungukuthi, asidingi yimuphi lithathelwe imvelo.

Okokuqala, omunye izimo ezibaluleke kakhulu - kuyinto ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali yamanzi. Izidumbu ezihlukahlukene amanzi, kungcono ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, amachibi ezincane usawoti umbuso - 0,001% nosawoti. Emizimbeni fresh omkhulu wamanzi - kuze kufinyelele 0.05%. Marine - 3.5%. Ngo nosawoti yezwekazi amachibi usawoti ezingeni ifinyelela angaphezu kuka-30%. Njengoba kwanda usawoti mpofu nezilwane. Akwaziwa imizimba amanzi lapho azikho izinto eziphilayo.

I indima ebalulekile ukudlalwa zezemvelo izinto ezifana okuqukethwe kuyi-hydrogen sulfide. Ngokwesibonelo, e- ekujuleni Black Sea (ngezansi 200 metres) zonke asihlali muntu, ngaphandle amagciwane kuyi-hydrogen sulfide. Futhi zonke ngenxa yobuningi okuqukethwe kwalesi igesi in the medium.

Libuye izakhiwo ezibalulekile emzimbeni amanzi: obala, ingcindezi, ukugeleza rate. Ezinye izilwane bahlala kuphela emanzini acwebile, indlela ehlukile futhi enodaka. Ezinye izitshalo bahlala amanzi amile, kungilapho abanye bakhetha ukuhamba phezu.

Ukuze ekujuleni kolwandle abakhileyo ukungabi khona ukukhanya khona ingcindezi - izimo luba khona.

izitshalo

Imigomo olwenzeka endaweni zezitshalo zinqunywa izici eziningi: yokwakheka inhlabathi, khona ukukhanya, lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni. Uma isitshalo amanzi - imigomo imvelo yasemanzini. Vital - khona izakhi enhlabathini, ukuthambisa yemvelo kanye neensetjenziswa (izitshalo). Abaningi izitshalo iboshelwa esishintshashintshayo ethize zezulu. Kwezinye izindawo abakwazi ukusinda, ingasaphathwa nande zikwazi ukuveza inzalo. izitshalo Ornamental, ejwayele "hothouse" izimo zidinga olwenzeka endaweni yokufakelwa. Ezindaweni ongaphandle, zingabe zisakwazi ukusinda.

emhlabathini

Ukuze ngezitshalo nangezilwane eziphila kuzo eziningi inhlabathi olufanele ndawo. zezemvelo ancike ezicini eziningana. Lezi zihlanganisa sezulu esishintshashintshayo, ekushintsheni izinga lokushisa, amakhemikhali kanye nokusungulwa ngokomzimba kwenhlabathi. Emhlabeni njengasezulwini amanzi kwabanye eyodwa kuhle omunye - omunye. Kodwa ngokuvamile, olwenzeka endaweni inhlabathi inikeza yokukhosela ukuze izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane ezihlala emhlabeni.