I-Bircus bears: incazelo, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokudla

Kusukela esikhathini esidlule, indoda yanika izilwane ezithile zasendle nge-halo ekhethekile yemfihlakalo. Lezi zihlanganisa ama-white bears, okuyizinhlobo ezindala kunazo zonke. Umlando wabo ubala iminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi.

Ukubukeka

Leli bhere linamagama amaningana ahlukene - ama-Asian, amnyama, aseTibetan, futhi aziwa nangokuthiwa yi-Himalayan. Isimo sakhe asifani neze namanye amalungu omndeni webheyi. Kodwa uma uhlolisisa, umuntu angabona izici ezikhethekile kuphela kulezi zinhlobo.

Ngokwesayizi, amabhere amhlophe aphansi kakhulu kwezihlobo zawo ezinsundu. Amadoda amadala afinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwezingu-170 cm, nesisindo sabo sesisindo kusuka ku-110 kuya ku-150 kg. Umthethosisekelo ulula, ngakho-ke lezi zibhebhe zihamba phambili futhi ziyashesha. Izindlebe ezinkulu ezigciniwe, ezisekhanda elincanyana, zinike isilwane ngendlela evelele. Ubuningi obuhle nobuciko obuhle bombala omnyama obunama-resin ku-nape bubumba uhlobo lwekholomu. Uphawu olumhlophe esifubeni ngesimo se-crescent yisibonakaliso esikhethekile sebhere, ngenxa yokuthi sathola igama layo. Isikhathi sokuphila asidluli iminyaka engu-14 ngokwesilinganiso. Inyama yalezi zilwane ibaluleke kakhulu, okubangela isithakazelo esikhulu kubazingeli. Lokhu kwakungenye yezizathu ukuthi namuhla izinsimbi ezimhlophe ezibekwe ezimhlophe zifakwe ohlwini lwe- Red Book yaseRussia.

Indawo yokuhlala

I-Himalayan bear ihlala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni ezivela e-Afghanistan, e-Iran, ePakistan kuya eJapane naseKorea. E-Russia, ihlala ikakhulukazi ePhermorsky naseKhabarovsk Territories. Kwenzeka futhi enyakatho yeVietnam kanye nesiqhingi saseTaiwan.

Leli bhere likhetha ukuhlala emahlathini emisedari nemithi yezihlahla ze-oak, lapho kutholakala khona umquba wamanchurian, i- linden, i-oak yaseMongolia. Gwema i-spyce-fir taiga, amahlathi e-birch namahlathi amancane. Ngokuvamile, amabhere amhlophe ahlala endaweni yehlathi, eseduze kwezigodi zomfula, amathafa asezintabeni, okuphakama kwawo akudluli kwamamitha angu-700-800. Bathanda lezo zindawo lapho amahlathi avulekile khona . E-Himalayas, zingatholakala ehlobo nasezindaweni eziphakeme zamakhilomitha angu-4, ebusika izibhebhe zivame ukuwela ezinqabeni. Ekhethwe indawo yokuhlala, amabhere amhlophe ashiya kuphela lapho kunezinkinga zokudla.

Indlela yokuphila

Iningi lokuphila kwakhe lesi silwane sihlala esihlahleni, sithola ukudla futhi sibalekele izitha.

Ngakho-ke, i-white-breasted (Himalayan) ithwala ngokugcwele imithi, yenza lokhu ngobukhulu obukhulu kuze kube sesikhulile. Isikhathi sokuzala, ngisho nasesihlahleni esiphakeme kakhulu, asithathi ngaphezu kwemizuzwana emithathu.

Uhlela futhi isihlalo esihlahleni, ewukhethile umgodi ojulile ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayisishiyagalombili noma usebenzise umuthi omdala ongenalutho elingenalutho (poplar, linden noma umsedari). Ihlunga emgodini wezinga elidingekayo futhi ikhulise ubukhulu besikhala ngaphakathi kwesihlahla. Yonke ibhere inesisindo esinjalo. Uma kwenzeka kunengozi njalo kukhethwa kukho okukhethwa kukho lapho angakwazi ukumboza khona. Ngesikhathi se-hibernation, izinyosi ezimhlophe ezimhlophe zichithe cishe izinyanga ezingu-5 - kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi, ngezinye izikhathi zishiya indawo yazo kuphela ngo-Ephreli.

Lezi zilwane ngokuvamile zifuna ukuhlala zodwa. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi ezindaweni lapho kukhona ukudla okuningi, abantu abaningana bangahlangana ndawonye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhosi, ngokucabangela ubudala nobukhulu besilisa, bugcinwa ngokucophelela. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile lapho kuqala isikhathi sokukhula.

Ubudlelwane bomunye nomunye buyathwala ukwakha ngokubonisana okubonwayo, kubonisa ukuhlelwa esimweni sabo. Uma isilwane sihlezi phansi noma silele - lokhu kuthunyelwe kokuthunyelwa. Into efanayo kusho ukubuyela emuva. Ibhere elibusayo lihlala lihamba phambili kumncintiswano walo.

Indawo lapho kubhekwa khona amabele amhlophe kunomkhawulo wamalebula womchamo, lapho abesilisa ababeka khona imingcele yezinto zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bagubha iminyango emithini, bashiya iphunga labo phezu kwabo.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla

Ukudla kwalezi zilwane ngokuyinhloko kuhlwanyela ukudla, ngakho-ke kuvela kubo - isikhathi esinzima kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba izimila eziluhlaza zivelele ngobuningi, izimila zezitshalo, izinsalela zonyaka odlule we-acorns namantongomane, ama-rootlets nama-bulb abamba emhlabeni, angena ekudleni.

Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho kuvela utshani bokuqala, amabhere amhlophe awela ezigodini, adle amahlumela amancane angelosi, i-sedge ne-cow-utshani. Ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokudla amaqanda ezinyoni nezinkukhu. Lapho ama-raspberries avuthwa, i-currants, i-cherries ye-bird, i-pine nati, iba yi-main food yezinyosi. Ngisho nezilwane ezindala kakhulu zikwazi ukugibela kalula izihlahla zifuna ukudla. Lokhu kwenza kube mnandi kakhulu. Njengoba sephukile futhi sithatha ihlumela ngezithelo, ibhere liyidonsela phansi ngaphansi kwayo, ngakho emva kwesikhashana ngaphansi kwayo into efana nesidleke sakhiwe. Kuyo, kungaba isikhathi eside, udle futhi uphumule.

Njengabanye abafowethu abansundu, amabhere amhlophe ayabathanda kakhulu uju. Ngaphambi kwakhe bakulungele ukukhuphukela kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama, baqoqe ngisho nodonga olunamandla kakhulu lomuthi lapho izinyosi zasendle zihlala khona.

Ngonyaka wokuvuna, ukuqoqwa kwamafutha amaningi, amantongomane kuphela nama-acorns anele ibhere. Ngenyanga nesigamu sokudla okunomsoco, isisindo samagciwane asebekhulile ngokuvamile sinama-30% wesisindo somzimba.

Ukukhiqizwa nokukhuliswa kwenzalo

Ubhontshisi obuvuthiwe bufinyelela eminyakeni engu-3-4. Isikhathi somshado sihlala cishe kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti, sidlula ngokuthula. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-7, ebusika, insikazi ngokuvamile ine-1 noma 2 cishe i-naked and blind cubs. Isisindo sabo asidluli u-800 g. Ngemva kwenyanga nengxenye abantwana bahlanganiswa okokuqala nge-fluff grey, esheshayo ibe nezinwele ezimnyama. Sebevele bebona futhi bezwa kahle ngokwanele, bangakwazi ukuhamba emgodini.

Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, uma kusetshenzwa izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo, ama-cubs nonina aphuma emgodini. Ngalesi sikhathi, isisindo sabo sisanda izikhathi ezingu-5. Bondla ngokuyinhloko ubisi lomama, futhi ngokufika kotshani obuluhlaza kancane kancane baya efolishi, egcwele kakhulu ezigodini zemifula. Lapha, bese uhamba nomama wamabhere amancane, lapho ahlala khona kuze kube sekuwa.

Ngobusika olandelayo bachitha bonke ndawonye emgodini, futhi ngekwindla baqala ukuphila okuzimele.

Izici ezilinganiselwe

Umsebenzi wezomnotho nokugqugquzela abantu kubangela ukulimala kakhulu kubantu balezi zimbongolo. Abantu basekhaya abavame ukulandela imithetho yokuzingela, ukudubula izilwane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ngokuvamile ngemva kokuqasha ama-hibernating, nakuba izintshebe ezimhlophe zifakwa ohlwini lwe-Red Book of Russia.

Esinye isici esibangela ukwehla kwenani lalezi zilwane ukuwa kwamahlathi, umlilo. Abazingeli abafuna ukuphangwa bavame ukugoba izimbobo ezihlahleni ezingenalutho, emva kwalokho ababafaneleki ngamabhere. Konke lokhu kunqanda izilwane zezimiso eziphephile ze-hibernation. Kwenzeka ukuthi baphoqeleka ukuba bachithe ubusika emhlabathini.

Ukuntuleka kwesiphephelo esinokwethenjelwa kubangela ukwanda kokufa kwezintshebe ezivela ezilwaneni. Bangakwazi ukuhlasela i-tiger, ibhere elimnyama, kanye nama-cubs ngokuvamile aba yisisulu sezimpisi kanye ne-lynx.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Ngemuva kokuba ibhere elimhlophe-elibhekwe ku-Book Red, ukuzingela livinjelwe ngokuphelele. Ukuqaphela ikakhulukazi kukhokhwa ekulondolozeni izindawo zokuhlala eziyinhloko kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile ekupheleni kokubhujiswa kwezindawo zokukhosela. Umzabalazo oqinile ngokumelene nezimpisi kuhloswe futhi ekulondolozeni inani lamabhere amhlophe. Ukuze ubuyisele inombolo yalezi zilwane, kugcinwa kanye nokugcinwa kwemvelo kudalwa ngezimo ezinhle. Ama-apiaries, noma ngabe yiziphi izintambo ngokuvamile zivakashele, zihlomele amadivayisi akhethekile.

Ibhere le-Himalaya nendoda

Lokhu okubi kakhulu, naphezu kokubonakala kwayo okungahambi kahle, nesilwane se-savvy sesidonsele umuntu isikhathi eside. Iningi lezinganekwane nezinganekwane kuye kwabhalwa ngaye. Ikhono lebhere elimhlophe elivumelanisa kalula ukuthunjwa liholele ekutheni abanye abameleli balezi zinhlobo baba abadlali be-circus zangempela. Ziyakwazi ukuqeqeshwa futhi zifunde amacebo ahlukene.

Umhlali we-zoo, okubangela ukuzwelana okukhulu kwababukeli, ibhere elimhlophe. Incwadi Ebomvu, lapho lezi zilwane zibalwe khona, ibhekisela esigabeni sabasengozini, futhi ukufakwa kwiSithasiselo 1 soMthetho we-CITES kusho ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwezinyosi ngenhloso yokuhweba.

Noma kunjalo, ekuthunjweni ukuba aqukethe izingwegwe ze-Himalayan kunzima kakhulu. Ukuze uzibuyisele emaphakathini azo, isikhungo sokuvuselela sisungulwe ku-Primorsky Krai, lapho izilwane ziqeqeshwe khona ukuhlala endle.