Biography kanye lokusungula Karamzina N. M. Karamzin Uhlu imisebenzi

emagama latayelekile ezifana nothando, ezithakazelisayo, ngisho uthando, sivamile ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi uma hhayi UNikolai Karamzin ke mhlawumbe babengeke uvele isichazamazwi abantu Russian. Karamzin lokusungula kuqhathaniswa ngemisebenzi sentimentalist oluvelele Sterne, wafaka ngisho abalobi ngesinye isikhathi. Nge ukucabanga okujulile kohlaziyo, wakwazi ukubhala incwadi yokuqala "Umlando isimo Russian." Karamzin bengayitshelanga echaza ehlukile esiteji zomlando, owayephila ngesikhathi lapho ayekhona, futhi enikeza isithombe sikhathi sinye isimo Umdwebo zomlando.

Esakhula N. Karamzin

Kwazalelwa wayeyisazi Disemba 12, 1766. Yakhula futhi wafundiswa endlini kayise Mikhail Zhukovsky, owayeyilungu induna osethathe umhlalaphansi. UNikolai walahlekelwa unina, ngakho-ke ngokugcwele wahlanganyela kule imfundo sikapapa.

Ngokushesha nje lapho sengizizwa bafunda ukuzifundela, umfana layithabatha kweqoqo sikanina, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona amanoveli isiFulentshi, usebenza ka Emin, Rollin. imfundo yamabanga aphansi wathola ekhaya, uNikolai, wabe esefunda e Simbirsk yizicukuthwane boarding school, bese, e 1778, wathunyelwa Uprofesa boarding school at eMoscow.

Ngisho nalapho ngiseyingane waba nesithakazelo emlandweni. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela incwadi ngomlando Emin.

ingqondo sokwazi Nicholas akazange lona uhlale isikhathi eside emhlabathini, waqala ukutadisha ulimi, waya ukuzwa inkulumo eMoscow University.

umsebenzi Early

Karamzin lokusungula evela lapho ngakhonza khona Preobrazhensky Guards ibutho Petersburg. Phakathi nale nkathi, uNikolai Mikhailovich iqala ukuzama ngokwakho indima umbhali.

Nomthelela ekwakhekeni Karamzin njengoba umculi futhi izwi uthando, ukuthi ahlala e Moscow. Phakathi abangane bakhe novikov, A. Petrov, A. Kutuzov. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena wajoyina i-imisebenzi yomphakathi - wasiza ukulungisa INqabayokulinda izingane "Ukufunda Wezingane ngokuba inhliziyo nengqondo."

Isikhathi senkonzo wayengeyena nje ekuqaleni umsebenzi wokudala Nikolaya Karamzina, kodwa futhi kwakhiwa bemhlonipha njengomuntu, kwenza kwaba lula ukuthumela bahlanganyele eziningi nengangibajwayele, okuyinto ayewusizo. Ngemva kokushona kukayise, uNicholas wanquma ukuwuyeka isevisi, ungalokothi ukuba sibuyele kuwo. Ekukhanyeni ngesikhathi kwabonakala njengoba kwakwakhiwa futhi inselele emphakathini. Kodwa kwazi bani, uma akazange ayeke isevisi, kuyoba ukwazi ukushicilela izinguqulo wakhe wokuqala, kanye izingoma yasekuqaleni, okuyinto kuyofikwa esijulile izifundo zomlando?

Uhambo oluya eYurophu

Life kanye lokusungula Karamzin sashintsha isigubhukane indlela yabo wokufika ngesikhathi kusuka 1789 kuya 1790. ehamba eYurophu. Phakathi nalolo hambo, umbhali iyaya U-Immanuel Kant, ezamenza okuvelayo emangalisayo. Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, itafula lokulandelana kwezikhathi zomlando ibuyekeziwe futhi khona eFrance phakathi French Revolution, kamuva wabhala: "Izinhlamvu we Traveller Russian" yakhe. Kwaba lo msebenzi kumenza abadumile.

Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu liyincwadi kuvula kuqale inkathi entsha izincwadi Russian. Akukhona nje ngaphandle kwesizathu, kwazise lezi amanothi komgwaqo hhayi kuphela ithandwa e-Europe, kodwa futhi wathola abalandeli sabo eRussia. Phakathi kwabo, A. Griboyedov, F. Glinka, V. Izmailov nabanye abaningi.

Yingakho "ukhule imilenze" futhi uma ziqhathaniswa Karamzin Stern. "Sentimental Journey" muva ngendaba umkhiqizo uyakhumbula Karamzin.

Ukufika e-Russia

Ukubuyela lakubo, Karamzin enquma ukuba bazohlala eMoscow, lapho aqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba umlobi professional futhi intatheli. Kodwa apogee kwalesi nkathi, yebo, ukushicilelwa "eMoscow Journal" - umagazini wokuqala Russian tetemibhalo, okhiphe imisebenzi kanye Karamzin.

Ngo parallel, yena ukhiphe Ukuhlanganiswa kanye anthologies eziye zayiqinisa njengobaba isihawu kwezincwadi Russian. Phakathi kwabo, "Aglaia", "onkulunkulu kwezincwadi angaphandle", "trifles wami" nabanye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMbusi u-Alexander ngamisa isihloko enkantolo mlando ngoba Karamzin. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nathi ngoba akekho kubona lithole isiqu esinjalo. Lokhu akugcini nje waqinisa isikhundla wezimali Nicholas Mikhailovich, kodwa iqinise isikhundla salo umphakathi.

Karamzin njengoba umbhali

Ukuze izindlu komlobi Karamzin wajoyina lapho isevisi, njengoba umzamo ukuzama ngokwami kulo mkhakha ungazange ube yimpumelelo kakhulu eyunivesithi.

lokusungula Karamzin zingahlukaniswa zibe imigqa ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• eqanjiwe, okuyinto kuyingxenye ebalulekile yefa (ohlwini: izindaba, amanoveli);
• izinkondlo - ke lincane kakhulu;
• eqanjiwe, imisebenzi zomlando.

Ngokuvamile, ithonya imisebenzi yakhe izincwadi Russian ingafaniswa kwethonya umphakathi Catherine - kuye kwaba nezinguquko ukuthi sewenze umkhakha ezasiza abantu.

Karamzin - umlobi, kwaba into ukuqala zezincwadi entsha Russian, inkathi lapho kuqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku.

Sentimentalism ngemisebenzi Karamzin

Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich waphenduka ukunakwa abalobi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, futhi abafundi babo imizwelo njengoba ntu evelele. Kuyinto lesi sici, futhi kuyisisekelo sentimentalism futhi ehlukanisa ke kusukela classicism.

Ngesikhathi enhliziyweni evamile, khona yemvelo kanye yokuphila komuntu iyisikhathi esingakanani kumele kube isimiso okunengqondo, kanye ukukhululwa imizwa nezifiso, ekuthuthukiseni ingxenye izinkanuko yomuntu njengoba enjalo, onikelwa ngokwemvelo futhi kungokwemvelo.

The hero ayisekho ejwayelekile. abathile yakhe, ayinike esiyingqayizivele. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe akuyona bancishwa kwamandla ayo, futhi enothisa, ukufundisa emhlabeni ukuzizwa kungabonakali, ukuphendula izinguquko.

umkhiqizo Software ka sentimentalism ezincwadini Russian ubhekwa "Kubi Liza". Lesi sitatimende akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, omsebenzi wakhe ngokoqobo yamila emva kokushicilelwa "Ezincwadi Traveller Russian", yethulwa sentimentalism Podorozhniy amanothi.

Izinkondlo Karamzin

izinkondlo Karamzin luthathe isikhala ingasaphathwa emsebenzini wakhe. Kodwa musa phansi ukubaluleka kwabo. Njengoba e imbongi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Karamzin neophyte iba sentimentalism.

Izinkondlo wesikhathi igxile Lomonosov, Derzhavin, kuyilapho UNikolai Mikhailovich uphambana kuya sentimentalism European. I reorientation yamanani izincwadi. Esikhundleni zangaphandle, izwe okunengqondo, umlobi delves ezweni kwangaphakathi yomuntu, nentshisekelo amandla akhe angokomoya.

Ngokungafani classic, abalingiswa nebalingisi ukuphila okulula, nsuku zonke, ngokulandelana, Karamzin inkondlo into - ukuphila okulula, njengoba athi. Yiqiniso, e incazelo yenqubo imbongi phindo izingathekiso aluhlaza futhi ukuqhathanisa ngokusebenzisa imvumelwano ejwayelekile futhi elula.

Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi izinkondlo eba mpofu futhi Okuqukethwe akuzwakali. Kunalokho, ukuze bakwazi sithathe etholakalayo izindlela kwezobuciko, ukuze baye banyathelisa nomphumela ofiselekayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wayisola nakho hero - yilokho iwumgomo oyinhloko bezingelwa Karamzin izinkondlo.

Tinkondlo akuzona omkhulukazi. Bavame ukubonisa webumbacambili zokuthambekela kobuntu, ngezindlela ezimbili yokubheka izinto, ubunye kanye nomzabalazo eziphikisanako.

temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Karamzin

izimiso yobuhle Karamzin uboniswa temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba atholakala emibhalweni yakhe theory. Ephoqelela phezu Ukuhamba kusuka ukuthatheka zakudala nge rationalism ukuba nozwela umuntu, izwe lakhe elingokomoya.

Umsebenzi main - ukuze athonye umfundi lungene uzwela, esakuthola hhayi kuphela iqhawe, kodwa futhi naye. Ngakho, uzwela akuholele i ukuguqulwa sangaphakathi muntu, simenze ukuthuthukisa imithombo lakhe elingokomoya.

umsebenzi lelandzisako ohlangothini efanayo esakhiwe njengoba ezinkondlweni: ubuncane eziyinkimbinkimbi isivinini inkulumo nobukhazikhazi frills. Kodwa hlezi amanothi isihambi efanayo ayengathobekile imibiko ezomile, zigxila endleleni isimo sengqondo ukubonisa, izinhlamvu ziqokonyiswe.

Indaba Karamzin ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe lokho okwenzeka, ukubanjwa washaya ubunjalo inkanuko izinto. Kodwa njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kwamanye amazwe, babebaningi, ukuthi ephepheni badabula ngesihlungo we authorial "Mina". Yena ungaboshwa sokuhlanganiswa izinhlangano bayazi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-London, wakhumbula hhayi amabhuloho iThames inkungu, futhi kusihlwa, lapho izibani basuke ovuthayo, nomuzi kukhanya.

Izinhlamvu umlobi ngokwakho - lena nayehamba noma interlocutors, ubani Karamzin wahlangana ngesikhathi hambo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akukhona nje ebukhosini. Ukhuluma ngaphandle kokungabaza kanye ne socialites, futhi abafundi abahlwempu.

Karamzin - mlando

yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye kuholela umlando Karamzin sika. Lapho u-Alexander I wammisa mlando enkantolo, ukuphila Karamzin futhi umsebenzi ababhekene izinguquko ezinkulu futhi: uyenqaba imisebenzi etemibhalo bacwiliswa ngokuphelele nokuloba imisebenzi zomlando.

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala zomlando, "Amanothi ku Zasendulo Nezanamuhla Russia ebuhlotsheni zawo zezombangazwe kanye civil" Karamzin enikelwe ukugxekwa yezinguquko zombusi. Inhloso "Umlando" bekukuzaliseka imikhakha olandelanayo emphakathini, kanye ukungeneliseki kwabo nekuhlelwa kabusha ovulekile. Wazama ukuthola ubufakazi ngobuze izinguquko ezinjalo.

Karamzin - umhumushi

Karamzin, biography nemsebenti wekuticambela wehlukile kakhulu, ekufuneni yena futhi emkhakheni wokuhumusha. Futhi isigaba aphumelele. UNikolai Mikhailovich kuba umkhuba omkhulu nje kuphela, kodwa umhlaziyi ukuhunyushwa isikhathi sakhe.

Izilimi kuyiphi wahumushela imisebenzi:

• isiZulu;
• French;
• German.

Umlobi akazange akwenze izinguqulo angokoqobo, futhi stylistically wazama ukuguqula kwabo, ukuletha, ukuze accomodate zabo "indlebe Russian." Akazange nje wayegxila ukulotshwa isitayela yokuqala, kodwa futhi kahle wasebenza phezu kabusha ukudalwa kwemizwa, okuyinto obusingethwe yasekuqaleni, hhayi ukulahlekelwa izinhlayiya kancane ukuze uthumele nakho.

Ukuthola ukusebenza ku kudalwa kumbhali ethize, wafundiswa Karamzin lokusungula, zazi kafushane abafundi ngolwazi olungeziwe.

Umlobi waveza izimiso ezintathu eziyisisekelo, okumele abe esekelwe translation eliphezulu:

• Hlanza - Ngokuphathelene impahla lucebe.
• Ubushelelezi - libhekisela ukufana yesitayela.
• Okujabulisayo - ukuhunyushwa kumele kube ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa noma kunjalo hhayi ngokulinganisa. Kufanele kuqondwe kalula.

Karamzin kabusha ulimi

Ezithinta umsebenzi izincwadi Karamzin awukwazanga belandisa izinguquko inkulumo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko umbhali kwakusondela ukuziphilisa, ulimi olukhulunywa. Wafuna alihlambulule kusukela silulumagama ongasasebenzi, izincazelo ezihlotshisiwe. Kodwa-ke zonke UNikolai Mikhailovich wayebuye abe owayephikisana kabi amazwi folksy, labo elingalingani ekuqondeni imfanelo yokukhuluma, ezingabizi, kodwa amahle.

Karamzin ahlanganiswe isiRashiya, ukuziqambela amagama nezinkulumo eziningi ezintsha, sibonga kwalokho elisekela, ukuguqulwa emabintana noma bevela kwezinye izilimi. Phakathi la mazwi: umkhakha, uthando, umusa, nabanye.

"Umlando we State Russian"

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke umsebenzi zomlando, okuyinto wabhala Karamzin - "Umlando isimo Russian." Ngesisekelo umsebenzi waya "Amanothi Russia Zasendulo Nezanamuhla ebuhlotsheni bayo zezombangazwe nezempi." It is ukusebenza kuso, Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich, omisebenzi yakhe bebelokhu kwehliswa kwelizinga zomlando, amanothi, umlando, cabanga ngokwakha umsebenzi omkhulu kohlaziyo.

Wahosha ubunjalo umsebenzi owenziwa emhlabeni wonke, wamonyuka ulwazi kusuka zemihla ngemihla, eminingi yayo yokuqala elisetshenziswa isayensi bebonke. Karamzin hhayi kuphela ukusungulwa imvuthuluka komlando, kodwa futhi uthole imithombo emisha kanye entsha. Ngakho, nguye ovule le Ipatiev indaba.

Isakhiwo "Umlando":

• Isingeniso - uchaza indima emlandweni njengoba isayensi;
• umlando uze 1612 kusukela izizwe ayimizulane.

Njalo indaba, indaba iphela iziphetho uhlamvu esimisweni sokuhle nokubi.

Meaning of "Umlando"

Uma umsebenzi igcwaliswe Karamzin, "Umlando we State Russian" ngokoqobo asakazeke njengothuli amakhekhe ashisayo. Inyanga edlule 3,000 amakhophi ngabe athengiswe. "Umlando" zafundwa konke: isizathu is hhayi kuphela egcwele namabala amhlophe emlandweni isimo, kodwa futhi kube lula, kalula isethulo. Ngesisekelo le ncwadi, ngemva kwayo kwaba khona nesisodwa wobuciko, ngoba "umlando" ibuye ibe umthombo izindaba.

"Umlando we State Russian" baba umsebenzi wokuqala kohlaziyo kumlando Russian. Iphinde ibe iphethini nesibonelo ukuqhubeka isithakazelo emlandweni kuleli zwe.

Umbhali ephikelela ukuphumelela autocracy njengoba kuphela indlela yokuphila isimo kweqiniso. Lokhu kwabangela isiyaluyalu phakathi ingxenye ovulekile-nomqondo sabantu.