Isilinganiso sezincwadi zefantasy. Amabhuku amahle kunazo zonke ezinhlobonhlobo zefantasy

Namuhla uhlobo lwefantasy luthandwa kakhulu. Abanye ngokucophelela babiza izincwadi ezijabulisayo nezisekelo. Kodwa kungaqinisekiswa kuphela umuntu ongajwayele ngokuphelele izibonelo ezinhle zalolu hlobo.

Iyini iphupho?

Uhlobo lwamafantasy luhlobo lwezincwadi ezithandekayo ezisuselwe ku-motifs enhle neyendabuko. Ngendlela emele ngayo manje, eyakhiwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX. Namuhla lolu hlobo lusetshenziselwa ukudweba, i-cinema, ideskithophu nemidlalo yekhompyutha.

Imisebenzi yalolu hlobo ifana namanoveli adventure, okwenzekayo emaphepheni amafantasy eduze neMinyaka Ephakathi. Amaqhawe abo abhekene nezidalwa ezingaphezu kwamandla angaphezu kwemvelo kanye nezimo.

Fantastic nesayensi yezinganekwane

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zifana ncamashi, kodwa isayensi yezinganekwane izama ukuchaza incazelo yesayensi yezwe lapho kulandisa khona le ncwadi. Izinganekwane zithatha konke njengokungokoqobo, khona-ke khona kanye nezwe lalezi zenzo ezihlobene nomuntu wangempela aphumeleli - ungabheka njengokufana noma okukhona kwamanye amaplanethi. Imithetho engokwenyama yezikhala zomcabango futhi ayihambisani nalabo abakhona emhlabeni wethu. Lapha kungaba khona izinhlanga zamanga (ama-gnomes, ama-elves, ama-troll), onkulunkulu, izimpumputhe, abathakathi, izilwane zezilwane (unicorns kanye nama-griffins).

Kusukela emcabangweni wezinganekwane kuhlukile ngokuthi izimangaliso nemicimbi yemilingo kubhekwa njengento yemvelo, evamile noma evamile.

Ukuhlukaniswa kohlobo lwefantasy

Kancane kancane, i-fantasy njengendlela yohlobo lwaqala ukwandisa, futhi inezinhlamvu zayo nezinhlobo ezincane:

1. I-Epic fantasy.
2. Fantastic fantasy.
3. I-fantasy yeSlavic.
4. Imbali yembali.
5. Ifantasy yasezindaweni.
6. Iphutha elihlekisayo.
7. Izinganekwanekwane.

Konke kwaqala kanjani?

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi noma yiziphi izinhlobo ezivela phambili ziba nabangaphambili. Lezi zisebenza lapho, ngenye indlela, ngenye indlela, ukuqagela izisusa, isakhiwo esihambayo kanye namasu wezinhlobo ezintsha. Imfashini yayingenjalo, futhi yayinezimbangi zayo. Ngakho bangobani, abalobi bokuqala befantasy?

UJonathan Swift, ogama lakhe lingokwesimo esibucayi "I-Journey of Gulliver." Enhliziyweni yomsebenzi yindlela enhle kakhulu yokuhamba, ngisho ne-archetypal. Iqhawe lifika emazweni ahlukene, imithetho yakhe engavumelani ngokuphelele neyethu, ijwayele izidalwa ezimangalisayo nezilwane ezinhle - amaLilliputians, ama-giants, ama-gingnms. Yiqiniso, lo msebenzi awuyona nje isibonelo sasendulo sama-fantastic izincwadi - kuyisici esihle kakhulu sezincwadi zakudala.

UMary Shelley ungowesifazane owabhala inkulumo ye- Gothic, eyenziwa ngezizukulwane eziningi ezalandela ibe umthombo ongapheli wemibono nokuhumusha - uFrankenstein, noma i-Modern Prometheus. Nanobe lo msebenzi, okungaphezulu kungathiwa yizinkolelo zezesayensi, kodwa ama-motif of fantasy kuwo.

U-Lewis Carroll uyisazi sezibalo owadala indaba yezingane ezimangalisayo - "Alice eWonderland." Izwe lakhe, eligcwele ukuphazamiseka kanye nezimo ezingenangqondo, lathinta kakhulu izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu.

Ngingakhumbuli kanjani i- Bram Stoker, umdali weDracula odumile. Le noveli mayelana nama-vampires uye wabangela okuningi kokulinganisa kokubili ezincwadini nasesimweni se-movie. I-fantasy manje i-vampire izuze ukuthandwa kakhulu. Futhi konke kwaqala ngezinga elivamile kakhulu futhi elingenakwenzeka, ngaphandle kwesihluku salo, ubuntu bomlando.

Yini eyenzekayo emhlabeni wefantasy namuhla?

Ukulinganisa kwezincwadi zefantasy yanamuhla akuzange kwenziwe nje ubuvila kuphela. Lokhu kubalulekile, ekugcineni, ukuthandwa okungajwayelekile kohlobo. Abalobi abaningi abonakalayo, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola kulezi zinhlobo eziningi zokukhetha okungcono kakhulu, izincwadi ezinethalente.

Kodwa i-fantasy engcono kakhulu iyaziwa ngisho nalabo abangakaze banesithakazelo kule hlobo. Amagama ala misebenzi ayazwakala, izinguqulo zabo zesikrini zibe izenzakalo ezibalulekile ze-cinema. Ngakho-ke, yikuphi okusebenzayo okufakiwe kwinombolo encane, engabizwa ngokuthi i-classics yohlobo?

UJohn Ronald Ruel Tolkien

Ubani, uma kungenjalo umdali we "Hobbit" ne "Nkosi wezingubo", uhola ukulinganisa kwezincwadi zefantasy?

Inoveli yama-epic in izingxenye ezintathu - "iNkosi yezintambo" - umsebenzi odume kakhulu wezinganekwane. Le ncwadi yayithandwa kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20 futhi iyaqhubeka ishicilelwa kuze kube yilolu suku. Awukho omunye umsebenzi oye waba nethonya elinjalo ezincwadini nasesimweni sezwe.

I-trilogy kwaba ukuqhutshwa kwenganekwane enhle kakhulu ye-fantasy "The Hobbit". U-Tolkien, engumprofesa we-philology wase-Oxford futhi onguchwepheshe bezinkolelo zakudala zaseNyakatho Yurophu, wayekholelwa ukuthi i-England ayinaso i-epic, ngakho-ke kufanele idalwe. Ngalo mqondo, umlobi waqala ukuqhubeka kwe "Hobbit".

Leveli yanyatheliswa ngo-1954-1955. Ukwamukelwa "iNkosi yezintambo" okungaqondakali. Osebenza nabo uTolkien bajabule, abafundi abaningi baphinde bahlola le ncwadi, kodwa abahlaziyi bamaphephandaba bathola amaphutha amaningi: ukungabi nabalingiswa bezinhlamvu, i-conservatism. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhumbule ukuthi umbhali ekuqaleni wabamba i-epic, izimangalo ezinjalo ziqedwa yizo ngokwazo. I-Epos ngokwayo inguhlobo olulondolozayo olungahlinzeki nge-psychology ekhethekile yabalingiswa bayo.

Kuze kube manje, "iNkosi yezintambo" yiyona fantasy engcono kakhulu.

I-Ursula Le Guin

Umjikelezo mayelana neWizard Gede, oqala ngeveli "IWizard of Earthsea," ngokuvamile uhamba ohlwini lwamabhuku amafantasy. Ukudalwa komlobi waseMelika, uDokotela we-Philosophy kanye nokuhleleka kwemiklomelo eminingi yokubhala, kungabizwa ngokuthi imodeli yezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu ezithatha abantu abadala nabantwana.

Bahlanganisa indawo yesenzo - izwe elimangalisayo futhi elimangalisayo lase-Earthsea, futhi abalingiswa abakhulu yi-Great Magician Ged nomfundisikazi we-Tenar. Lokhu kungenye yezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zenganekwane, ama-adventures ahlale egijima kuzo zonke izinyathelo, futhi izwe ligcwele ukuhlangana okungalindelekile kanye nezindaba ezingakaze zenziwe.

Clive Staples Lewis

"IziKronike ZaseNarnia" - uchungechunge lwezindabakwane ezingamaphupho, izindaba ezimangalisayo nezamangalisa mayelana nomhlaba wemilingo. Kukhona imithetho yothando nomusa lapho, izinyoni nezilwane ziyakwazi ukukhuluma, futhi amahlathi akhiwe nezidalwa zemilingo.

Umjikelezo unamabhuku ayisikhombisa ahunyushwa ngezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-40.

Andrzej Sapkowski

Izindaba mayelana nomlingo uGeralt sekuyisikhathi eside zithandwa futhi zinenani elikhulu labalandeli nabathandayo. Kodwa izwe kanye nezenzakalo zeWitcher zihluke kakhulu kulo mdlalo evamile wefantasy. Kancane kancane, izwe elinemibala emifushane, abalingiswa bayo abathinteka kahle abalingiswa bezinganekwane (i-Cinderella, Ubuhle nesilwane, i-Snow White, amaKarights, amaKhosi, abaPhophu, amaGnomes, ama-Elves, njll.), Iphenduka isikhala esinonya, esinamanzi lapho abenzi bendlovu bekhipha khona izinkathazo nokulwa izimpi ; Ama-elves amahle asekulungele ukusika umlomo wabo kunoma ubani ohlangana naye; Futhi kuzo zonke amahlathi noma i-cellar elahliwe ungakwazi ukuhlangana nendlovu enegazi. Leli yizwe elingenalutho, eliyingozi, kodwa elikhangayo lomlumbi-umlumbi uGeralt.

Ngokusekelwe ku-saga, uchungechunge lwadutshulwa, imidlalo yekhompiyutha enempumelelo enkulu ikhishwe, i-opera yama-rock yayisungulwa, futhi ePoland, ezweni lakubo, umlobi, izincwadi ze-comics nazo zanyatheliswa.

UGeorge Martin, "Ingoma Yeqhwa Nomlilo"

Abantu abambalwa kakhulu sebezwile ngalomjikelezo namuhla. Futhi konke ngenxa yochungechunge lwe-HBO yethelevishini, kodwa nangaphambi kokuba akhululwe, izincwadi zochungechunge zibeka kuqala ohlwini lwezinto ezihamba phambili zeThe New York Times. Ukulinganisa kwezincwadi zefantasy zalolu chungechunge kukhula njalo.

D. UMartin wadala isaga esihlabayo mayelana nezwe lamaMbuso ayisikhombisa. Izwe, lapho ihlobo elingunaphakade nehlobo lokubusika okuphakade lihlala khona. Ezweni lamaqhawe kanye nabahlukumezi, amakhosi kanye nama-bastards, ama-knights nababulali. Futhi bonke babuthana ndawonye isiphetho ukugcwalisa isiprofetho sasendulo.

UJoan K. Rowling

Ubani phakathi kwethu ongakazwanga ngomfana oyincandane ngesibalo ngendlela yombani? Uchungechunge lweHarry Potter luqondise kahle uhlu lwamafayili athengisa kakhulu. Kodwa empeleni abamemezeli benqabe ukunyathelisa incwadi yokuqala yochungechunge - "uHarry Potter kanye neThe Philosopher's Stone", eqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke isithandwa.

Uchungechunge olumayelana nomfana we-wizard seluthathe imiklomelo eminingana yokubhala njengamanje, lwaba yithengiswa kakhulu emlandweni futhi lwakhiwa isisekelo samafilimu, okwakuthiwa, abe ngukuqala kwezingqikithi zamafilimu emlandweni wezefilimu.

Terry Pratchett

Uchungechunge lwezincwadi mayelana neThe Flat World kaTerry Pratchett luyisibonelo esiphelele sohlezi lwesiNgisi esibucayi, ama-adventure amahle kanye namaqhawe anamnandi. Ngisho Ukufa akuyona owesifazane osekhulile onesiqu, kodwa ufuna inhloso yokuphila, umlingiswa oqhubekayo, egibele ihhashi elimhlophe futhi edla ubuthakathaka kumakati.

Ngonyaka ka-2009, uPratchett wanconywa ukuba abe yizinkampani-u-Elizaveta II ngokwakhe. Ngesisusa semisebenzi yakhe amafilimu amaningana adutshulwa futhi uchungechunge lwe-animated lwadalwa.

Ukulinganisa kwezincwadi ezingabonakali kungabhalwa isikhathi eside, njengamanje imisebenzi eminingi emihle isivele ibhaliwe, okuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuluhlu, futhi zingaki izidalwa ezifanele ezizobona?