Indlunkulu eyinhloko yenhlangano yokuhlanganyela. Inhlangano ye-Underground e-USSR

Ukudalwa kweNdlunkulu eyisiKhulu yenhlangano yokubambisana kwaba ngenxa yezizathu ezizwakalayo. Ukuze uhlele ngokuphumelelayo izenzo zenqwaba yamasosha ahlangene, kwakudingekile ukwakha inhlangano eyodwa ehola phambili engakwazi ukuqondisa izenzo.

Ubuholi bamasosha ahlangene phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala zempi

Ngokushesha ngemva kokugqashuka kweMpi Enkulu yePatriotic, ukunyakaza kwabavukuzi abangekho emthethweni kwakungekho ubuholi obumbene eMoscow. Ukuhlaziya isimo esasungulwa ngaleso sikhathi, ungakwazi ukubona izizathu zalokhu ukungalungi. Okokuqala, ubuholi bezwe abuzange kubonakale kuyadingeka ukwakha iNhloko-Nkulu Ephakathi yenhlangano yokubambisana ngenxa yokwethemba ukunqoba okusheshayo ngesitha. Futhi, uSalin akazange avumele ukuhlasela okusheshayo okuvela eJalimane ngo-1941.

Kwaphela cishe unyaka inhlangano ye-Soviet yama- partyisan yayingaphansi kwezinhlangano eziningana. Ubuholi balezi zinqola zenziwa izinhlangano zeqembu, ukuphathwa okwesine kwe-NKVD, kanye namakomidi ezempi amabutho nemigqa. Ngokuvamile kwakukhona izimo lapho ama-oda aphikisanayo efika esitokisini esifanayo kusuka ezinhlanganweni ezahlukene. Umsebenzi onjalo yizitho zeSoviet wenza ukuhlehliswa okubi futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kwezenzo zamasosha ahlangene.

Indlunkulu eyinhloko yenhlangano yokuhlanganela: indalo

Sekuqaleni kwekota yokuqala ka-1942, ubuholi baseSoviet baqala ukubona ukuphumelela kokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokulawula ekhona manje yezinhlangano ezihlangene. Kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukushintsha isimo ngokushesha, ngenxa yenkambinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi yokwenza izinqumo ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-May 1942 ukwakheka kwendlunkulu kwakhiwe kakade. Ngokusemthethweni, indlunkulu ye-guerrilla yadalwa ngumthetho weKomiti Yezokuvikelwa Kahulumeni ka-May 30, 1942. Libonisa imigomo yendlunkulu:

- Ukusungulwa kokuxhumana nezinqola ezintsha zokuhlanganyela;

- umyalo oyinhloko wamasosha;

- Usizo kumasekela.

Ubani owaqondisa indlunkulu yenhlangano yokuhlanganyela?

Njengoba kugcizelelwe ngaphambili, izinhlangano eziningana zahola izinhlangano zokubambisana ngaphambi kokudalwa kwekomkhulu eliphakathi. I-T-izikweletu ekuhlelweni kwemisebenzi ye-CST, isimo esinjalo sasihloswe, ngakho ubuholi bendlunkulu babandakanya abamele iqembu, i-NKVD namabutho empi.

Ukuhlonishwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umsebenzi onzima wokuphatha abasebenzi wanikezwa uPonomarenko Panteleimon Kondratyevich. Wazalelwa ngo-1902, yena wayevela emphakathini. Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu abavela emzaneni baqokwa esikhundleni sobuholi. Lo muntu umele umugqa weqembu. Induna yabasebenzi beqembu elihlangene uPonomarenko wamiswa kulokho okuthunyelwe kungekhona ngengozi. Nguye owayekwazi ukuzihlela ngokuzimela umsebenzi wama-partisans eBelarus ngezinga elihle cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokugqashuka kwempi. IPhini likaPonomarenko laba ummeli we NKVD Sergienko V.T. Futhi umsebenzi we-General Staff uKorneev TF.

Ukwakhiwa kwabasebenzi

Indlunkulu eyinhloko yenhlangano yokubambisana iqine isakhiwo se-branched. Inamba enkulu yabasebenzi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ihlotshaniswa nokubunzima kanye nengozi yemisebenzi eyabekwa yikomkhulu phambi kwamaqembu ahlangene, kanye nokubunzima kokuhlela umsebenzi wabasebenzi abangaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwezimo zesigameko sesitha.

Ngokwesimiso sokusungulwa kwendlunkulu, umsebenzi weminyango eyisithupha ihlelwe:

- Umsebenzi wokusebenza;

- ulwazi kanye nomnyango wezobunhloli;

- iyunithi yokuxhumana;

- UMnyango wezeMithombo yezeMisebenzi yamaqembu ahlangene namasosha;

- Isigaba sokusebenza kwama-partisans.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ezinjalo zahlanganiswa endlunkulu: isikhungo somsakazo, isikole sokuqeqeshwa kwabasindile, kanye namaphuzu okuqoqwa kwezinqolobane zokuhlanganyela. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lapho umsebenzi wendlunkulu usuvele usungulwe kahle, kwadingeka ukuba ukwandise abasebenzi behlangano. Ngezikhathi ezihlukene, iminyango eminye eyane yadalwa: ezombangazwe, i-cryptographic, yezezimali (ebhekene nesabelomali senhlangano yokuhlanganyela) kanye nemfihlo.

Isiphetho

Ukudalwa kweNdlunkulu eyisiKhulu yenhlangano yokuhlanganyelana kwaba nethonya elikhulu empini. Ukwanda kwenani lezinsongo ngemuva kwenza kwaba nomthelela omubi ekuhlinzekeni amabutho aseJalimane. Sonke sikhumbula kahle ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-1942 iMpi yaseStalingrad yaphela, emva kwalokho kwaqala ukuhlaselwa kweqhinga le-Red Army.

Indlunkulu eyinhloko yenhlangano ehlangene nayo yayikwazi ukuhlelwa ngendlela ehlelekile futhi iqondise umsebenzi wezinhlangano zokuhlanganyelana ngendlela efanele.