Imfundo:Umlando

"Impi Engavamile" i ... "Impi Yempi" ka-1939-1940. E-Western Front

Impi Yezwe Yesibili ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi eziningi. Ekuqaleni kwezingxabano, naphezu kokuthi iBrithani neFrance babememezele ukulwa neJalimane, izenzo ezigcwele izikhali azizange zithunyelwe. Okokuqala entshonalanga, futhi kamuva ku-historic kazwelonke, lesi siqephu saqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "impi engavamile".

Ukubukeka kwegama

Igama elithi "impi engaqondakali" inguqulo yokukhululeka ye-American journalist cliche Phoney War. Le nkulumo ibonakale emshinini we-US ezinsukwini zakuqala zezingxabano zaseYurophu. Ukuhunyushwa kwangempela kwalesi sisho kuyimpi yamanga, noma inkohliso.

Ngemva kokuba u-Adolf Hitler eqala ukubusa eJalimane, waqala inqubomgomo yokuhlanganisa amazwe lapho iningi labantu abakhuluma isiJalimane behlala khona. Ngo-1938, iRussia yesithathu yabumbene ne-Austria. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva iSudetenland yayihlala eCzechoslovakia.

Izenzo ezinonya zikaHitler zavusa omakhelwane bakhe. Okulandelayo ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwakuyiPoland. Ukulandela iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ithola izifundazwe zangaphambili zaseJalimane, ezenza izwe lifinyelele eLwandle LwaseBaltic. I-Führer ifuna ukubuyiselwa kwala mazwe. Uhulumeni wasePoland wenqabe ukwamukela umakhelwane. Ukuze kuvikeleke okukhulu, iziphathimandla zaseWarsaw zaphetha ukusebenzisana neFrance neNgilandi. Ngokomqulu omusha, lawa mazwe kufanele afike eyokusiza ePoland uma kwenzeka ukuhlukunyezwa kweJalimane.

Lindela impi ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside. Ngo-September 1, 1939 , iJalimane yahlasela iPoland. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, iFrance neGreat Britain yabe imemezela impi ku-Reich Third ngokuvumelana nezivumelwano zabo neWarsaw. EPoland, babe nethemba lokuthi usizo lwababambisene baseNtshonalanga luzoguqula izigaba eziningi zaseJalimane ngangokunokwenzeka. Eqinisweni, konke kwavela ngokuphambene kakhulu.

Umzila weSiegfried

Izimbangi zasePoland eLondon naseParis zagqugquzela abase-Allies ukuthi baqale ukucasula ngokujwayelekile ukuze bangavumeli amaJalimane ukuba athathe isinyathelo. Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi i-UK neFrance babengakaze balungise ngisho nokuhlelwa kwesenzo sokulwa okukhulu. "Impi enqabile" yabonisa ekukhanyeni okungathandeki kakhulu.

Abaphathi be-Allied banquma ekuqaleni kuka-September ukuthi ukugqugquzelwa kuzokwenziwa amanye amasonto amabili, emva kwalokho amaFulentshi azoqala ukucasula emgqeni weSiegfried. Leli yigama lesistimu yokuvikela isamba esikhulu esakhiwe engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeJalimane. Amakhilomitha angu-630 emigwaqeni yokuzivikela ayidingekile ukuze avikele leli zwe lisuka eFrance. Kwakukhona izikhali ezivela kukhonkolo, kanye nezakhiwo ezidingekayo ukuvikela amathangi kanye nabantwana.

I-Maginot Line

I-France nayo yayinezindlela zayo zokuvikela, eyakhiwe uma kwenzeka impi neJalimane. Kwakubizwa ngokuthi iMaginot Line. Kwakukhona kule migqa lapho amabutho ayemi khona, kanti "impi engavamile" yaqhutshwa. Lokhu kuphambene nezithembiso zePoles ngokusiza okusebenzayo ekulwa namaJalimane.

Umyalo waseJalimane wathuthela emaphethelweni asentshonalanga izigaba ezingu-43. Kwadingeka zizivikele kuze kube sekupheleni kwePoland. EJalimane, kunqunywe ukuthi impi emibili yangaphambili ingaba nzima kakhulu ezweni.

Ngakho-ke, eFrance, indlela kuphela yokusiza iPoland kwakuwukuqala ukucasula engxenyeni encane yomngcele neRussia yesiThathu. EParis, bebengakwazi ukunikeza amabutho ukuba ahambe eBelgium naseNetherlands, ngoba kulokho kwaphula ukwehluleka kwabo ukungathathi hlangothi. Ngakho-ke, amaJalimane athola amandla awo amakhulu e-144-kilometer ukusuka eMselle River kuze kube seRhinini. Umzila kaSiegfried lapha wawuzungezwe ngamagayimu. Kwakungenakulinganiswa.

Ukungahambisani nama-Allies

Kuze kube ngo-Septhemba 17, "impi engavamile" - yizimpi zendawo phakathi kwamazwe amabili ezindaweni ezinqunyelwe. Zasuka cishe ngokuzenzekelayo futhi azizange zithinte isimo sezwe jikelele ngaphambili. Ukugqugquzelwa kweFrance kwabambezeleka ngenxa ye-obsolescence jikelele yesistimu yokuhlela. Abaqashiwe babengenayo ngisho nesikhathi sokudlula izifundo zokuqala zomqhubi, okudingekayo ukuze baphile empini. Esinye isizathu sokubambezeleka kweParis kwakuwukuhluleka kweBrithani ukuhambisa amasosha ngokushesha kuleli zwekazi. "Impi eqinile" yaqhubeka, kuyilapho iPoland yayiqashisa umuzi ngaphandle kwedolobha. NgoSeptemba 17, ukuhlasela kwe-USSR kwaqala futhi, ngemuva kwalokho i-republic yaqala ukuwa, yashaywa phakathi kwalabo abahlukumezayo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, "impi engavamile" eWest Front ayizange ilethe izinkinga eJalimane: I-Third Reich yabe isetshenziselwa ngokuvumelana nokunqotshwa komakhelwane abangenakuzivikela. Ngemva kokusebenza kwePoland kwaqala ukulwa neDenmark neNorway.

I-Saar ehlaselayo

Phakathi naleso sikhathi isiFulentshi saqala ukuhlambalaza, esaziwa nge-historiography njenge-Saar. Lokhu kwakuyingxenye yomkhankaso, okwakuyinto "yempi engajwayelekile". Incazelo yelungiselelo lokusebenza libheke emahlombe kaGustave Gamelin. Amabutho aseFrance evikini lokuqala ahamba amakhilomitha angu-20-30 kuphela.

I-French-scale scale scale offensive kwakuzoqala ngo-September 20. Kodwa-ke, ngo-17, kunqunywe ukuyiyeka kabusha ngenxa yesimo esingenathemba sePoland. Eqinisweni, ama-allies aseNtshonalanga aqoqa, futhi ngaphandle kokuqala impi eyinhloko ngokumelene neReich, avula izandla zikaHitler, owayengakwazi ukuletha izindaba zakhe kwezinye izifunda ngokuzithoba ekugcineni. Lokhu kwaba umphumela, okwaholela "empini engavamile". Ukuzimisela kwalesi sikhankaso se-Allied indecisi sanikezwa eU.SA, lapho umcibisholo uthukuthela khona ukungabi namandla kweFrance neBrithani.

Uhlelo lweGelb

AmaJalimane aqala ukuhlaselwa okokuqala ngo-Okthoba 16. Phakathi nalokhu kuqhutshwa, amaFulentshi ashiya zonke izikhundla ezimbalwa abahlala kuzo futhi aphinde azithola emgqeni we-Maginot line. Isikhathi sidlulile, kepha "impi engajwayelekile" iyaqhubeka. Okuyikho, izazi-mlando eziningi zazama ukuphendula kakade ngesikhathi sokuthula. Bonke bafika esiphethweni sokuthi isimo esingaphambili sashintshile lapho i-Wehrmacht iqalile ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe "Gelb". Kwakuwumsebenzi wokuhlasela okukhulu eBelgium, eNetherlands naseFrance. Ngosuku lwabahlaseli baseJalimane (ngoMeyi 10, 1940), "impi engajwayelekile" yaphela. Le ncazelo yenzelwe izinyanga ezimbalwa zokungahambisani nama-Allies. Ngalesi sikhathi, iJalimane yakwazi ukuthatha amazwe amaningi aseYurophu futhi ivikelekile ngemuva kwayo ukuze iqale ukusebenza ngokumelene neFrance, okwaphela ngoJuni 22, 1940, ngokusayinwa kweCompiègne Armistice. Ngokwale dokhumenti, iFransi yayihlala.

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