Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Feudal - isigaba esichazayo sokuthuthukiswa kweYurophu

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Feudal kubuthakathaka kwamandla ombuso ophakathi nokuqinisa okwesikhashana izifunda zomhlaba. Leli gama lisebenza kuphela eYurophu ephakathi nendawo umnotho wayo wemvelo kanye nesistimu yobudlelwane obuseduze. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Feudal kwenzelwe ukwanda Amalungu emibuso yobukhosi, ngesikhathi esifanayo efuna isihlalo sobukhosi. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ukuhlukunyezwa okwezempi kwamakhosi asekudlule phezu kwamandla abo ahlangene nabo kwaholela ekubambeni ukuthi izifunda ezahlukahlukene zaqala ukuhlukaniswa zibe yizintambo eziningi, ama-duchies nezinye izinto ezizibusa. Yiqiniso, ukuhlukaniswa kwabangelwa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kokuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho nezenhlalakahle yaseYurophu, kodwa umzuzwana womgomo wokuqala ukuhlukaniswa kwe-feudal ngu-843, lapho i-Verdun Treaty isayinwe phakathi kwabazukulu abathathu baseCharlemagne abahlukanisa umbuso waba izingxenye ezintathu. Kwakuvela kulezi ziphazamiso zombuso kaCharles the Great ukuthi iFrance neJalimane zazalwa kamuva. Ukuphela kwalesi sikhathi emlandweni waseYurophu kubonakala ngekhulu le-XVI, inkathi yokuqinisa amandla obukhosi - i-absolutism. Nakuba amazwe angamaJalimane afanayo akwazi ukuhlangana endaweni eyodwa kuphela ngo-1871. Futhi, hhayi ukubala isizwe saseJalimane iLiechtenstein, i-Austria kanye nengxenye yeSwitzerland.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Feudal eRussia

Ukuthambekela kwe-pan-European yekhulu le-10 leminyaka le-16 akuzange kudlulele abaphathi basekhaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungahambisani kwama-feudal wombuso waseRussia ophakathi kwakunezici eziningi ezahlukanisa uhlamvu lwawo kusukela eWest version. Insimbi yokuqala ekuqothulweni kobuqotho bukahulumeni kwakuwukufa kweNkosana iSvyatoslav ngo-972, ngemva kwalokho i- internecine yezimpi zokuqala eya esihlalweni sobukhosi saseKiev, yaqala phakathi kwamadodana akhe. Umbusi wokugcina we-united Kievan Rus uyindodana kaVladimir Monomakh, iNkosana uMstislav Vladimirovich, owashona ngo-1132. Ngemuva kokufa kwakhe, uhulumeni wahlukaniswa waba yizindlalifa futhi akazange aphinde avuke ngendlela yakhe yangaphambili.

Yiqiniso, kwakunjalo Kungaba iphutha ukukhuluma mayelana nokuhlukaniswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwempahla yaseKiev. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Feudal eRussia, njengaseYurophu, kwakuwumphumela wenqubo yokuqinisa ukuhlonishwa kwezingane ezihlala endaweni. I-boyars, eyayiqiniswa ngokwanele futhi inezinto eziningi, yazuza ngokwengeziwe ukusekela isikhulu sayo, ukuthembela kubo nokucabangela izithakazelo zabo, nokungahlali ethembekile eKiev. Yilokho okwakungavumela amadodana amancane, abafowabo, abafowenu nezinye izihlobo ezihloniphekile ukuthi ziphikisana nendawo.

Ngokuqondene nezinto eziphawulekayo zokuqothulwa kwekhaya, kutholakala okokuqala, ohlelweni okuthiwa yi-leftist, ngemva kwalokho, ngemva kokufa kombusi, isihlalo sobukhosi sadlulisela kumfowabo omncane, hhayi endodaneni yakhe endala, njengoba kwakunjalo eNtshonalanga Yurophu (umthetho waseSalic). Nokho, lokhu kwakungenxa yezimpikiswano eziningi ze-internecine emkhatsini wamadodana nabafowabo bombuso waseRashiya wekhulu le-XIII-XVI. Amazwe aseRussia ngesikhathi sokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi aqala ukumela izinombolo ezikhulu ezizimele ezizimele. Ukuphakama kwemindeni ehloniphekile yendawo kanye nemindeni emikhulu yanika uRus ukuphakama kweRiphabhuliki yaseNovodod, ukuphakama kweGalicia-Volyn noVladimir-Suzdal izikhulu, ukudala nokuphakama kweMoscow. Kwakuyizikhulu zaseMoscow ezabhubhisa ukungezwani kwamanye amazwe futhi zadala umbuso waseRussia.