Ingabe isifo se-HIV eRussia kungenzeka?

Noma ubani angaba ngumthwali we-HIV, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyini iqembu lomphakathi. Abaningi futhi abasolanga ngalokhu, akuvunyelwe ukuthi bahlolwe eRussia ngandlela-thile, abantu abaningi bayakulahla ucansi oluvikelwe. Isifo se-HIV eRussia sesiphelile. Amanani okulungiselela amalungiselelo ezweni akhula. Uma beqala ukwehla, futhi izakhamuzi aziqapheli, inani labagula ngo-2020 lizokhula ngezikhathi ezingu-3.5.

Isifo se-HIV eRussia

Sekuyiminyaka engama-30, isifo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza sesisathuthuka eRussia. I-Russia manje isondela esigabeni sesithathu, njengoba kusho i-Academician Vadim Pokrovsky. Nakuba lesi sifo singumqondo onemibandela, asizange sinyamalale eRussia noma kuphi. Uma sihlukanisa isikhathi sibe yizigaba, khona-ke ngalesi sikhathi singena kwesithathu. Esikhathini sokuqala saleso sifo, amacala angavamile athengiswa esuka phesheya, isigaba sesibili sigxile (sesivele senele 20% kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa, 10% wabalingqingili). Isigaba esijwayelekile - uma u-1% wabesifazane abakhulelwe bebaphathi be-HIV. Isifo se-HIV eRussia sisondela ngalesi sigaba.

Izikhulu eziningi zithi akekho isifo esiwumshayabhuqe okwamanje, kodwa uma kungakaze kushicilelwe ngokomthetho okwamanje, lokhu akusho ukuthi inkinga ayikho. Lesi sifo senzeke iminyaka engu-30 kakade. Ukutheleleka kuleli zwe kakade u-1% wabantu abadala, futhi lokhu kulandela idatha esemthethweni kuphela. Izigameko zokutheleleka ngegciwane ezibhedlela sezilokhu zivame ukwanda, okwenza ukwesaba okukhulu. Ukuqapha kudinga ukuthuthukiswa. Izifunda eziyishumi zaseRussia sezivele zinezinga elibucayi lokusabalala kwesifo.

Disemba 1 - usuku lomzabalazo olwa ne-AIDS

Ngokwezibalo ze-World Health Organization ngo-2015, abathwali be-HIV base bevele bengabantu abayizigidi ezingu-36.9. Ngonyaka ka-2014, kwakunezigidi ezingu-2 ezigciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kanye nezigidi ezingu-1,2 zabantu ababulawa yingculazi. Ngokusho kwe-WHO, kuphela abagulayo abangu-50 kuphela abazi ngokugula kwabo, okusho ukuthi izibalo empeleni zimbi kakhulu, okungenani kabili. Unyaka ngamunye kusukela ngo-1988, yonke iplanethi igubha uSuku Lwe-AIDS Lomhlaba ngoDisemba 1. Umgomo ukuheha ukunakekelwa kwezakhamuzi kuzo zonke izinkambiso zempilo kule nkinga yomhlaba wonke. Kusukela ngo-2011, umgomo oyinhloko wesimiso ukunciphisa isifo sokutheleleka nge-HIV, ukuyeka zonke izinhlobo zokubandlulula ezibhekene neziguli, ukunciphisa ukufa kwabantu abane-AIDS. Umbuzo wokuthi iRussia isongelwa yini isifo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi sekuyisikhathi eside ivulwa. Kodwa, ngokwezishoshovu zeqembu le-AIDS, izwe lethu alinakekeli ngokucophelela le nkinga.

Umlando we-AIDS

I-version isakazeka kabanzi ukuthi eminyakeni yama-1900 umuntu angenwa igciwane kusuka kuma-chimpanzees. Abazingeli base-Afrika kuqala babulawa izidumbu zezilwane ezigulayo noma babesebenzisa inyama yabo yokudla.

Ngo-1981, abantu abasha abahlanu bafa e-United States besuka e-fungal pneumonia; ngonyaka ofanayo, izifo eziningi zezifo zitholakale ngesifo esingavamile kakhulu nesicindezelekile somdlavuza we-Kaposi wesikhumba. Lezi zifo zenzeka kubantu kuphela ngenxa yokuzivikela. Ekupheleni konyaka, igciwane selivele selitholakale kumadoda angu-270 angama-gay, abangu-121 kubo bafa ngonyaka.

Ngo-1982, lesi sifo saziwa ngokuthi i-AIDS (etholakale i-immunodeficiency syndrome). Ngo-1983, ososayensi ababili abazimele abavela eFrance nase-United States bathola i-retrovirus, eyimbangela yalesi sifo.

E-USSR, icala lokuqala le-HIV libhaliswe ngo-1985 nomfundi wangaphandle. Akekho owayecabanga ukuthi ngolunye usuku kwakuyoba nesifo se-HIV eRussia, inhlekelele ayingathathwa ngokungathí sina. Kakade ngo-1987, igciwane litholakala esakhamuzi saseSoviet, futhi ekupheleni konyaka - abantu abangu-25 abaxhumana naye.

Ngo-1992, i-AIDS e-United States yayiyingenye yezimbangela zokufa phakathi kwabantu abasha. Ngo-1996, kakade kwenziwa ukwelashwa ngokwemigomo ye-HAART.

Ngo-2001 kwakukhona abantu abayizigidi eziyishumi abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza emhlabeni. Kuze kube manje, ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-30 kuya ku-40 sebefile kakade nge-AIDS.

Ingabe isifo se-HIV sisongela iRussia?

Ekupheleni kuka-2015, abantu abangaba yisigidi abane-HIV babhalisiwe eRussia, futhi ngonyaka ofanayo kwabalelwa ku-20 000. Kusukela ngo-1987, abantu abangaphezu kuka-200 abayizigidi baye bafa, futhi njalo ngonyaka isilinganiso sephesenti uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esidlule sikhula. Akusilo yini isifo? Iziphathimandla azisho ngokusemthethweni, kodwa sekuyisikhathi eside zikhona ensimini yezwe lethu. Ngama-25% kuphela kulabo abayidingayo athola ukwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral. UNgqongqoshe wezeMpilo uqinisekise ukuthi uma isimo singashintshi, ngo-2020 inani lamacala lizokhuphuka ngo-250%.

I-HIV eRussia. Amaphikisana amalungiselelo

Ngumuphi umuzi waseRussia ukuthi isifo se-HIV sivame kakhulu? Ukutholakala kwamadolobha kusakazwa ngokungalingani. Ezingxenyeni ezingu-85, ingxenye yesiguli esiphelele ku-20. Lokhu kusho ukuthini? Cishe, ngaleyo ndlela, lapho okwakukhona khona kube lula futhi ngobuningi bangangena ezidakamizweni. Esigodini sase-Orenburg kwakukhona ukuhweba izidakamizwa, kwakulula ukuthengisa izimpahla ezifundeni zase-Irkutsk, Kemerovo, eSamara naseSverdlovsk. Lapha, kakade abantu abangu-1.5% banesifo. Isimo asikho kangcono e-Ulyanovsk, eLeningrad, eChelyabinsk, e-Orenburg, naseTyumen. Lapha, mhlawumbe, ayikho isikhungo semfundo esingathinteka yi-HIV.

Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo, kwenziwa izinyathelo:

• Umthethosisekelo uqaliswe ku-State Duma, ngokusho ukuthi, ngaphambi komshado, abazalwane kufanele bahlolele ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV.
• Uhlelo lokusekela abesifazane abakhulelwe abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza liqalisiwe, lokhu kuzosiza kwezinye izimo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwengane.
• Kuhlelwe ukuveza ukukhiqizwa kwemithi ezweni kulo mjikelezo ogcwele (kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuya ekupakeni).
• Kuhlelwe ukwandisa imali ye-antiretroviral therapy.

Umqondo we-HIV. Umqondo we-AIDS

Indlela yokunciphisa i-HIV?

• Virus (i-parasite ebhubhisa amangqamuzana omzimba emzimbeni).
• Ukunciphisa umzimba (ukunciphisa ukumelana nomzimba, ukususwa kokuzivikela).
• Umuntu (othwala igciwane elinikeziwe kungaba umuntu).

Igciwane lihlala emzimbeni, umuntu uba yinkampani yakhe bese eqala ukugula. Ngaphambi kokunqotshwa ngokuphelele kwamasosha omzimba wonke, kungathatha iminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-12. Isikhathi esithile, umuntu ubukeka enempilo ngokuphelele, kepha ungumsakazo wegciwane, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokwazi.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-AIDS?

Phakathi nokutheleleka komzimba, izigaba eziningana zalesi sifo ziyakhula, okugcina okuyi-AIDS:

• I-Syndrome (inhlanganisela yezimpawu eziningi, izimpawu).
• Kutholakale (hhayi kokuzala, kepha kwamukelwa ekuphileni).
• Ukungahambi kahle komzimba (ukungabi nampendulo emzimbeni ekusungulweni kwezifo zangaphandle kanye namagciwane, ukungakwazi ukumelana nabo).

Ngakho-ke, isifo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi eRussia sesivele sibonisile ukuthi lesi sifo sinzima kakhulu, sihlambalaza, singasigodli izingane noma abantu abadala.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane emzimbeni

Ukuthuthukiswa komtholampilo we-HIV kunezigaba eziningana:

• 1 isigaba . Ukuqala okunzima. Kwezinye izimo, impendulo yomzimba ingase ifane ne-fever - fever, impumu egijima. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kumacala angu-70%, ukuqala okunamandla akugcini. Umuntu uthwala igciwane futhi akasoze asolise ngakho.
• 2 isigaba . I-Asymptomatic. Iminyaka eminingana (kusukela ku-3 ukuya ku-5) umuntu uzizwa ephilile ngokuphelele, futhi kuphela ukuhlolwa kwe-laboratory kwegazi kusiza ukuthola i-HIV.
• 3 isigaba . Eminyakeni engu-3-5 emva kwesigaba sesibili, isikhathi se-lymphadenopathy ejwayelekile eqhubekayo ifika. Ukungakhulelwa kwemithi kuwela, ngokuvamile kuvame izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ama-lymph nodes akhula, izilonda zesikhumba zenzeka, kunesifo somzimba emathunjini. Ukwelashwa kuthuthukisa okwesikhashana isimo.
• Isigaba sesine . AIDS. Isivikelo somzimba sokuzivikela sishintsha. Ama-lymph nodes, izitho zokuphefumula, izitho zokugaya, izitho zokubona ziyathinteka. Umuntu ulahlekelwa isisindo ngokuqinile. Ngesinye isikhathi, isimo sithuthuka, kodwa siba sibi nakakhulu. Ekugcineni, ukufa kwenzeka.

Ukufa okuningi kweziguli ze-AIDS kuzophendula umbuzo wokuthi ngabe kukhona yini isifo se-HIV eRussia. Sekuyisikhathi sokushaya lezi zinsimbi, inkinga yavuka ngokuphawulekayo, isongela bonke abantu bezwe lethu.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umzila oyinhloko wokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ungukuthi ucansi olungavimbelwe noma ukudluliselwa ngegazi. Qaphela ukuthi kunengozi yokutheleleka uma igazi likhona emithonjeni yezinto eziphilayo (umchamo, udoti, izinyembezi, i-drool). Uma bekukholelwa ukuthi izimbangela zesifo se-HIV eRussia kuphela izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa, manje kusobala ukuthi wonke umuntu usesengozini. Kunezimo ezithile zokutheleleka ngegciwane ezibhedlela.

Awukwazi ukuthelela ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Ngokumanga, ukumbamba, ukuxhawula ngesandla.
• Ukuthunga, ukukhwehlela.
• Ukusebenzisa nomthwali we-HIV isiphuzo esivamile, ukudla.
• Esikhathini sauna, sauna, echibini lokubhukuda.
• "Izilonda" esitimeleni, esixukwini (kukhona izinkolelo ezitholwa yi-HIV).

Kuloluphi uhlolo oludingekayo oludingekayo

• Uma kwakukhona ubulili obungavimbelwe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomlingani ongajwayelekile.
• Uma uye wahlukunyezwa ngokocansi.
• Uma umlingani wakho wezocansi axhumana naye ohlangothini.
• Uma umlingani wakho ene-HIV.
• Uma usebenzisa izinaliti ezisetshenzisiwe.
• Uma uxhumana negazi lomuntu one-HIV.
• Uma umlingani wakho evezwe kuzo zonke izingozi ezingenhla.
• Uma kukhona isifo se-venereal esitholakala.