Inhlanganiso ukhonkolo: zinhlobo kwabantu ukubala

I kwabantu of ukhonkolo - ingenye izici ezibaluleke yalesi material, okuyinto isakhiwo namandla ngokukhethekile. It kunezinzuzo eziningi, kodwa kukhona ethile, ukuzwakala isisindo abalulekile. Ngalezi ochwepheshe sibekezelele at the stage of ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa. Lesi sici kubalulekile ukucabangela ukhonkolo xaxa futhi disassembly, e inqubo ukuliqaqa.

Ekusebenteni, ukhonkolo iye kabanzi hhayi kuphela e umkhakha, kodwa futhi ukwakhiwa yangasese. Lungiselela ingxube kungaba ngokuzimela njengoba armature futhi isixhumanisi usebenzisa wire ekhethekile kwakhiwe kwagcizelela isakhiwo ukhonkolo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka design eqinile futhi ngamandla.

Izinhlobonhlobo esikhulu ngokhonkolo

I kwabantu of ukhonkolo kungenziwa nhlobonhlobo, ozoba nomthelela ukubunjwa ikhambi. Ngenkathi isisindo incike kwabantu. Oluthathwa kwagcizelela ngokunembile lesi sici, kubalulekile ukwaba, phakathi kokunye:

• nzima kakhulu;
• esindayo;
• engasindi;
• ukhonkolo engasindi.

I kwabantu of ukhonkolo esimweni sokuqala kukhawulwe 2500 kg / m ^3, okuyinto i value umxhwele. Ngo ubunjiniyela, lolu hlobo ukhonkolo esetshenziswa. I ukwakhiwa ingaqukatha le izibambindawo ezilandelayo:

• magnetite;
• limonite;
• barite.

inhlanganiso ukhonkolo

Ngezinye esindayo ukuminyana ukhonkolo ngandlela-thile aphansi, kuba 2.200 kg / m ^3. ngaphezulu amatshe evamile, ochotshoziwe itshe impahla phakathi izithako ezinjalo, kanjalonjalo. I kwabantu ukhonkolo kuyoba ngisho aphansi uma kuba ukhonkolo engasindi. Lokhu ukhonkolo esindayo kuze kube ukuqinisa metal kanye ngokusebenzisa-ezindizeni. Kulokhu ipharamitha kwezinhloso zenzuzo kuyoba 1800 kg / m ^3.

I kwabantu ngokhonkolo engasindi

Concretes Esilula abe kwabantu 500 kg / m ^3. Lokhu kulungiselelwa ejwayelekile ubumba esinwebiwe, amaselula, Perlite kanye polystyrene ukhonkolo. Le nto sithuthukiswe ukuqinisa. I kwabantu isilinganiso ngokhonkolo akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni ukwakheka kodwa futhi indlela ekubunjweni. Uma ingxube namanje liquid ohlangene usebenzisa imishini vibratory, kwabantu inyuka ngo 100 kg / m ^3.

ekubalweni kwabantu

I kwabantu ukhonkolo, izinhlobo okuye kuchaziwe ngenhla, kungase kunqunywe uma nsuku, inani isixazululo amayunithi mass. ketshezi kufanele ayifakiwe ukubala, okuyinto vele ezingu-28 shabalala ngokuphelele kusukela afanayo. Lokhu kuzokwenza uthole ukubaluleka esiqondile kwabantu dwala.

Ngezinye izikhathi abakhi zisebenzisa idatha Ngokwesilinganiso, uma sazi grade ngokhonkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-grade M-200 kuzohluka kwabantu kule ezahlukene 2385 kuya 2400 kg / m ^3, kuyilapho ohlotsheni M-250 lesi silinganiso ngeke ifane kusuka 2390 kuya 2405 kg / m ^3. Ukuze izimpawu M-300, M-350 no-M-400 kwabantu kuyoba in the uhla kusuka 2400 kuya 2415; kusukela 2405 kuya 2420 futhi kusukela 2410 kuya 2430 kg / m ^3, ngokulandelana.

Uma udinga ukuminyana ethize ngokhonkolo, ngalesosikhathi you azi ukuthi isisindo imitha cubic awupheleli nokuqiniswa isikimu. Akukhona nje kuphela inombolo ezindukwini ezimbili, kodwa esigabeni sabo. Lezi izilungiselelo zikuvumela ukuba ichaze ivolumu yangaphakathi elalihlala ukuqinisa. Ungabese afeze mass izibalo. Kuye ngalokho inhloso ifomu ngokhonkolo, ingasetshenziswa ezahlukene ubukhulu izinduku. Ngokuphathelene ukubekwa yabo, bangase akhiwe kude ezithile kusuka komunye nomunye.

Ukuze ukwazi kwabantu ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu, ukunemba ekhethekile akudingekile, ngakho inani ukuqinisa zingafundwa tentatively. Ngakho, womshini amathrekhi eziphathekako pavings ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa 8-mm ubukhulu ukuqinisa anezikhala 200 mm. Kokunye imitha esigcawini impahla izogcinwa 16 m ezindukwini ezimbili, uma kwabantu steel ukufinyelela 7850 kg / m ^3, mass armature kuyoba ulingana 6.3 kg.

Uma kuziwa imishayo ovundlile nge slabs ukwesekwa kanye izisekelo, ngokuvamile ububanzi armature kuhluka 12 kuya 16 mm. Usayizi kweselula kwehle kuya ku-180 mm ubude jikelele uhlala ingashintshiwe. Kulokhu, lo armature mass umkhawulo inani 14 kuya 25.2 kg. Ukuze cantilever imishayo namatshe armature ubukhulu kuyinto kuka-16 no-18 mm, lokhu kuyiqiniso uma usayizi cell ilingana 130 mm. Ubude isamba armature 1 m ³ ngokhonkolo kuyoba 49 m, kuleso simo mass ukuqinisa ngeke ifane kusuka 77,3 kuya 97,8 kg.

I kwabantu of ezakhiwe esengeziwe

Kuyinto kungalungile cabangela futhi ukukhetha izindonga mpo namakholomu. Kulokhu, ububanzi we armature kungaba ulingana kumkhawulo 14 kuya 18 mm lapho inani amaseli 130 mm. Ubude Imininingwane lamahubo lilingana, kodwa isisindo kungaba ulingana kumkhawulo 59,2 kuya 97,8 kg.

Ngokushesha njengoba wazi inani nokufakwa nokuminyanisa kungaba azimisele isisindo eyodwa imitha cubic ngokhonkolo. Kusukela cube ebizwa ngokuthi ivolumu Ngokwesilinganiso, elibhekene nomse- ngezinduku steel. Ekugcineni, ivolumu ngokhonkolo eyatholakala ke izinombolo ziziningi ku abanesibalo ka impahla ngayinye futhi imiphumela zingezwa.

Ukubalwa kwabantu ngesibonelo ibhande kwagcizelela isisekelo ukhonkolo

Ubuningi ukhonkolo (kg / M3) ingabalwa isibonelo base itheyiphu eyenziwe ebangeni ukhonkolo M-300. Kulokhu, sasivame 16mm izinduku. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokuqala ivolumu elalihlala armature endaweni imitha cubic material. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ukubala alandelayo: π · R2 · L = 3,14 · (0,008) 2 = 0.003 · 16 m ^3.

Ngakho, inetha kuthatha ukhonkolo 0,997 m ^3. Ukuze abale isisindo izinduku yokugcizelela kufanele amagugu 0,003h7850, ekugcineni bakwazi ukuthola 23.6 kg sanda, kuyilapho isisindo ukhonkolo kumele libalwe siphindaphindeka 0,997h2400. Izibalo esisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi nenqwaba ukhonkolo 2392,8 kg. Uma amanani wafingqa, omunye bengathola ukuminyana ukhonkolo, lezi izibalo izobukeka kanje: 23.6 + 2392.8 = 2416 kg / m ³ .Le manipulations kuyenziwa at the stage of design imithwalo wokwakha isisekelo.

Ulwazi mayelana kwabantu ukhonkolo

ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu kanye kwabantu ukhonkolo kumelwe kwaziwe ukuze abakhi. Uma Inani lokuqala iye yachazwa ezinhlwini ezingu imininingwane ngenhla, wesibili Kusafanele ukukhuluma. Inkomba esemqoka emsebenzini ukhonkolo kubangelwa ukufana kanye kokucindezelwa, kanye namandla. Lezi Ukucaciswa lokulawula kwabantu, okuyinto Inkomba ngokomzimba kunqunywa sokuhlukanisa isisindo by volume.

Ukwakhiwa Kuyinto evamile ukusebenzisa inani eliyisilinganiso lokhu ipharamitha, ngoba bathonywe izinto ezihlukahlukene, phakathi lapho:

• izinga nobungako bezithelo we yamathebhu;
• uhlobo yamathebhu;
• amanzi Ukwakheka;
• degree of uhlamvu lwenhlabathi.

izinhlobonhlobo eyinhloko Wugqinsi ukhonkolo

I kwabantu kusho isetshenziswa ekunqumeni izici nobubanzi kubhekwe, lapho Sihlukaniswe saba 4 izinhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, Concretes esindayo abe ukuminyana ngenhla 2500 kg / m ^3. Lokhu Ukwakheka kudalwa kusukela fillers, itshe-nsimbi, steel Scrap, Magnesite, futhi alisetshenziswa ngoba imisebenzi nokwakhiwa kohlelo lokulwa bendabuko. Lokhu high density kuyadingeka ukulondeka, ngakho-ke lokhu ukhonkolo esetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezikhethekile. Okuncane isilinganiso ukuminyana Inkomba kulinganiselwa okuyinto ingaphansi kwenani lika-500 kg / m ^3. i samuntu Lezo ezisetshenziswa njengoba nangokuvikela fillers. A ukuqonda more ephelele umehluko aphathekako ukuminyana, izinhlobo nezinhlobo, kanye inkambu okuyisibonelo ukusetshenziswa kungenziwa kulinganiselwa ngokufunda ulwazi ngezansi.

ukhonkolo esindayo Ikakhulukazi, okuyinto kwenziwa okukhulunywa ngaso lapha ngenhla, kungase kudingeke brand ezilandelayo: M550, M600, M700, M800, M900, M1000. ukhonkolo Heavy kokuba ukuminyana kuleli uhla-1800 kuya ku-2500 kg / m ^3, ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza izakhiwo esekelwa lezisekelo hlobo. Brands aphathekako afana kungenzeka kanje: M350, M450, M500. ukhonkolo Esilula lunesibalo ku ezahlukene 500 kuya 1800 kg / m ^{3, uphawu} linganquma notation ezilandelayo: M200, M250, M300. Ikakhulukazi Concretes engasindi kokuba kwabantu 500 kg / m ^3, futhi izimpawu zabo zimi kanje: i-M15, i-M50, i-M75, M100, M 150 isetshenziswa lolu hlobo impahla ukwakha ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa ungqimba nokwakha udonga.

isiphetho

Okuhlezi emqondweni - inhlanganisela insimbi nokhonkolo, okuyinto ine impahla esiyingqayizivele. Ukuvikeleka, ukuthembeka ukuqina okokusebenza wamvumela ukuba sithole abantu abaningi sebekholelwa embonini yezokwakha. Uma kuhlelelwa ezakhiwe kusekelwe emigomweni eziningi, njengoba omunye wabo imele inhlanganiso ukhonkolo t / M3 noma kg / m ³ - lokhu ezidlula ngokomzimba, lapho samukelwa ukukala lokhu ipharamitha. Ngokwesibonelo, uma wazi kwabantu, okuyinto ilingana 2200 kg / m ^3, kungenzeka ukuhumusha lesi silinganiso ngisho amathani ngalinye imitha cubic. Kulokhu, lesi silinganiso kwaba 2.2.